Chapter 3 Colonial America
1587-1770
Section 4 Southern Colonies
If you were given the responsibility of writing a
constitution for a new state, which of the
following would be the most important to
include?
A. A bill of rights
B. Responsibilities of
the government
C. A plan for the division of land
D. A clear process on how to
amend the constitution
A. A
B. B
0% C.
0% C0%
D. D
A
B
C
0%
D
How and why did the Southern
Colonies grow?
In the South
• White males controlled most property
• Plantations (Big Farms) became
important to economic growth
• More plantation increased the need
for workers
• English criminals and prisoners of
war were sent to work
• They could buy their release by
working for a period of time (Usually
7 years)
• African rulers sold their prisoners of
war to European slave traders
• Enslaved prisoners were taken to the
colonies
• Many people came as indentured
servants
• They agreed to work without pay for a
set about of time for passage to
America
Establishing Maryland
• Founded by Sir George
Calvert, Lord Baltimore
• For a safe place for Catholics
persecuted in England
• Proprietary colony north of
Virginia
• Calvert died and his son
Cecilius named it Maryland
• Two of his brothers began to
run it in 1634
• Large estates, or pieces of
land, were given to English
aristocrats
• Many plantations came about
and needed labor
• Indentured servants and
enslaved Africans were
imported
Maryland Boundaries
• Calvert and Penn
families argued over
boundary
• In the 1760’s they
hired Charles Mason
and Jeremiah Dixon
to map the
boundaries
• Also put up a line of
stones bearing the
Penn and Calvert
crests
• The Mason-Dixon line
The Mason-Dixon line separates which
two states?
A. New Jersey and Pennsylvania
B. New York and Pennsylvania
0%
0%
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
D
C
D. Delaware and Pennsylvania
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
C. Maryland and Pennsylvania
Another Conflict in Maryland
• Harder to resolve
• Protestants and Catholics
were welcomed
• There were more Protestants
• To protect the Catholics, the
Act of Tolerance was passed
in 1649
• Granted the right to worship
freely
• Tensions continued
• 1692- the Protestant
controlled assembly made the
Anglican church the official
church in Maryland
• Catholics faced the same
restrictions they had in
England
Virginia
• Settlers continued into Virginia
• Took Native American land
• Virginia Governor William
Berkeley made a pledge to
Native Americans
• In exchange for a piece of land,
he agreed to keep settlers from
pushing into their territory
• Nathaniel Bacon, a planter,
(along with others) resented the
pledge to the Native Americans
• Some settled in these forbidden
areas and then blamed the
government for not protecting
them
Bacon Rebellion
• 1676- Bacon led attacks on
Native American villages
• Marched to Jamestown and put
Berkeley into exile
• Bacon’s sudden death kept him
from governing Virginia
• England recalled Berkeley and
sent troops to restore order
• Showed that settlers would not
be limited to the coast
• The colonial government
formed a militia to control
Native Americans
• Also opened up more land for
settlement
The Carolinas
• 1663- proprietary colony
south of Virginia called
Carolina
• King gave land to 8
nobles
• Nobles rented land to
settlers from England
• John Locke, and English
philosopher, wrote a
constitution for Carolina
• A plan of government
• Contained land divisions
and social ranking
Northern and Southern Carolina
• Farmers from inland
Virginia settled northern
Carolina
• They grew tobacco
• Sold timber and tar
• Did not have good
harbor so they used
Virginia’s ports for trade
• Southern Carolina
prospered from fertile
farmland and the harbor
at Charles Town
(Charleston)
• Settlements spread,
and trade in deerskin,
lumber, and beef
thrived
Carolina’s Crops
• Two crops dominated
• Rice grew well in the
wet coastal lowlands
• Rice required much
labor, so the demand
for slave labor rose
• Another crop was
developed in the 1740s
• Indigo by Eliza Lucas
• Used to dye textiles
• 1729- Carolina became
North Carolina and
South Carolina
Which two crops came to dominate
Carolina agriculture?
A. Tobacco and corn
B. Rice and indigo
C. Maize and squash
D. Oranges and strawberries
A. A
B. B
0% C.
0% C 0%
D. D
A
B
C
0%
D
Georgia
• Founded in 1733 by James
Oglethorpe
• Last British colony in
America
• Place for debtors and poor
people could make a fresh
start
• In Britain, debtors- those
who were not able to repay
debts- were imprisoned
• Georgia was supposed to
protect the other colonies
from the Spanish in Florida
• Savannah, Georgia was set
up as barrier against
Spanish expansion
• Few debtors came instead,
hundreds of poor people
arrived from Britain
• Religious refugees from
Central Europe and a small
group of Jews arrived
Georgia Settlers
• Complained about
Oglethorpe’s rules
• Especially the limits
on landholding
• Also the bans on
slave labor and rum
• Oglethorpe agreed to
their demands
• The colony grew slow
and Oglethorpe
turned Georgia back
over to the king
France in North America
• The French built Quebec in
1608
• France wanted fishing and
trapping animals for fur
• 1663 New France became a
royal colony
• Louis Joliet and Jacques
Marquette explored the
Mississippi River
• Looking for a water route to the
Pacific (Northwest Passage)
• Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur
de La Salle followed the
Mississippi to the Gulf of
Mexico
• La Salle claimed area for
France
• Called area Louisiana in honor
of King Louis XIV
• 1718- port of New Orleans was
founded
Growth of New France
• Advanced slowly
• Estates along the St.
Lawrence River
• Estate holders received
land in return for bringing
settlers
• Known as tenant
farmers, the settlers
paid their lord an annual
rent and worked for him
for a fixed number of
days each year
France and Native Americans
• Had a good relationship with
Native Americans
• French trappers and traders
went deep into Indian lands
• Lived in Indian villages
• Learned their language
• Married Indian women
• Respected their ways
• Tried to convert the Native
Americans for Catholicism
• They did not try to change
their customs
• Did not push Indians off their
lands
Who had better relations with the
Native Americans than any other
Europeans?
A. English
B. French
C. Spanish
D. Dutch
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Spanish in North America
• Controlled most of Mexico, the
Caribbean, and Central and South
America
• Also the western and southern
parts of the present-day United
States
• The Spanish wanted to protect its
area and built many cities to
protect it
• Spanish priests built a string of
missions along the Pacific coast
• Missions are religious
settlements established to convert
people to a faith
• The missions helped the Spanish
claim California
• On the missions they often forced
Native Americans to work
• Later Junipero Serra supported
Native American rights on these
missions
European Conflicts
• Rivalries between
European nations
carried over into the
Americas
• France and Britain
were expanding their
North American
settlements
• Fought several wars
in the early 1700s
• Fights in Europe often
followed to North
America
How and why did the Southern Colonies grow?
Maryland: established as a safe place for Catholics; land
granted to English aristocrats and other settlers; enslaved
Africans and indentured servants imported to work on
plantations
Virginia: settlers pushed west into Native American lands;
Bacon led rebellion to open more lands for settlement
Carolinas: Proprietary colony split into two royal colonies;
produced tobacco, timber, tar, rice, and indigo
Georgia: began as a place for debtors and poor people
and as a barrier against Spanish expansion; colony
attracted poor people and religious refugees; slow growth
led proprietor to return colony to the king
Chapter 3 Section 4 Quiz
Criminals and prisoners of war were
sometimes shipped to the colonies.
1. True
2. False
50%
1
50%
2
Lord Baltimore wanted a safe
place for Catholics.
1. True
2. False
50%
1
50%
2
Corn became the leading crop
in the Carolinas.
1. True
2. False
50%
1
50%
2
A series of missions along the Pacific
coast gave Spain a claim to California.
1. True
2. False
50%
1
50%
2
Wars in Europe had no effect on
life in the colonies.
1. True
2. False
50%
1
50%
2
Which colony was established
as a safe place for Catholics?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Georgia
Maryland
South Carolina
North Carolina
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Carolina's crop developed in the
1740s by Eliza Lucas was
1.
2.
3.
4.
corn.
lumber.
indigo.
rice.
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which colony did Britain originally
settle as a military barrier?
1.
2.
3.
4.
South Carolina
Georgia
North Carolina
Maryland
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Quebec was founded by the
1.
2.
3.
4.
English.
French.
Dutch.
Spanish.
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The Franciscan monk who worked for
the rights of Native Americans was
1. Robert de La
Salle.
2. Jacques
Marquette.
3. Louis Joliet.
4. Junípero Serra.
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
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