GENRE
THE ENGLISH TEXT TYPE
Disampaikan pada
BINTEK BAHASA INGGRIS
Di UNNES SEMARANG
Oleh
Nikmah Nurbaity SPd
baity1968@yahoo.com
http://baity15.blogspot.com
Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris:
siswa mampu berkomunikasi lisan dan tulis dalam bahasa
Inggris
yang direalisasikan dalam 4 skill berbahasa:
listening, speaking, reading dan writing
PETA MATERI
Percakapan transaksional/ interpersonal:
Teks fungsional pendek
Monolog / esei
* linguistic features
* vocabulary
KELAS X SEMESTER I
Percakapan
Berkenalan
berpisah
berpisah
Ajakan
Tawaran
Undangan
Janji
rasabahagia
Perhatian
simpati
instruksi
TeksFungsional P
iklan
pengumuman
undangan
Monolog
RECOUNT
NARRATIVE
PROCEDURE
KELAS X SEMESTER II
Percakapan
Berterimakasih
Memuji
Mengucapkan:
selamat
Terkejut
Tak percaya
Menerima:
Undangan
Tawaran ajakan
Teks Fungsional P
Monolog
Pengumuman
Iklan
Undangan dll
NARRATIVE
DESCRIPTIVE
NEWS ITEM
KELAS XI SEMESTER I
Percakapan
Teks Fungsional
Pendapat
Banner
Puas
Poster
Tidak puas
pamphlet dll
Menasihati
Memperingatkan
Meluluskan :
Permintaan
Menyatakan :
Relief
Pain
pleasure
Monolog
REPORT
NARRATIVE
ANALYTICAL
Eksposition
KELAS XI SEMESTER II
Percakapan
Menyatakan:
Sikap
Cinta
Sedih
Malu
Marah
jengkel
Teks Fungsional P
Banner
poster
pamphlet dll
Monolog
NARRATIVE
SPOOF
HORTATORY
Eksposition
KELAS XII SEMESTER I
Percakapan
Mengusulkan
Memohon
Mengeluh
Kemungkinan
Memerintah
Mengakui kesalahan
Berjanji
Menyalahkan
Menuduh
keingintahuan’
Hasrat
Menyatakan :
Berbagai sikap
Teks fungsional
banner
poster
pamphlet dll
Monolog
NARRATIVE
EXPLANATION
DISCUSSION
KELAS XII SEMESTER II
Percakapan
Membujuk
Mendorong semangat
Mengkritik
Harapan
Mencegah
Menyesali
Menyatakan :
Rencana
Tujuan
Maksud
Memprediksi
Berspekulasi
menilai
Teks Fungsional
banner
pamphlet
poster dll
Monolog
NARRATIVE
REVIEW
genre
Memiliki:
Particular purposes
( communicative purposes )
Particular stages, distinctive : beginning,
middles, and ends ( generic srtucture )
Particular linguistic features
1. RECOUNT
Social function :
To retell events for the purposes of informing or
entertaining
Generic structure :
Orientation : provides the setting and introduces
participants
( giving information about what, who, where and
when)
event : to tell what happened in what sequence
RE Orientation : optional , closure of events
Language features of RECOUNT
Focus on spesific participant
( nouns and pronouns: we, David, the animal dll )
Material process
( Action verbs: go, sleep, run etc )
Past tense
Temporal sequence ( after, before , then )
Conjuction ( but , and, …)
Circumstances of time and place
( adverb / adverb phrases showing time and place )
* Adjectives to modify nouns
2. NARRATIVE
SOCIAL FUNGTION
To amuse, entertain, and to deal with actual or vicarious
experience in different ways
( It deals with problematic events which lead to a crisis or
turning point of some kind which in turn finds a
resolution)
Generic sructure:
Orientation
:sets the scene, introduces participant
Evaluation
: a stepping back to evaluate the plight
Complication : a crisis arises
Resolution
: the crisis is resolved , for better or worse
Re orientation : optional
Language features of narrrative
Specific and individualized participant
( nouns or pronouns)
Material process
Behavioral process ( breathe, snore, dream…)
Verbal process ( said, told, asked …)
Mental process ( think, understand, like….)
Relational process
( time connectives and temporal conjungtion )
Temporal circumstance
Past tense
3. Procedure
Social function :
To describe how something is accomplished
through a sequence of actions or steps
Generic structure
Goal
Material (not required for all procedure teks)
Steps 1 – n ( goal followed by a series of steps
oriented to achieving the goal )
Language features of procedure
Generalized human agents
Simple present often imperative
material process ( Action verbs )
Temporal conjunction or numbering to
indicate sequence
Adverbs to show the detail of time and
place e. g for five minutes, two centimetes
from the top…
4. Description
Social function
To describe a particular person, place or thing
Generic structure
Identification , identify phenomenon to be
described
Description : describe or giving information
about specific participant eg : comes from…, the
colour, the size, the favourite things etc
Language features of description
Specific participant ( nouns )
Simple present
Attributive and identifying Process
( relating verbs which informs about the subject)
Various adjectives like : describing, numbering,
classifying , two white fangs, two strong legs etc
Detailed noun phrase to inform about the subject
5. News items
Social function:
To inform readers , listeners or viewers about
events of the day which are consedered
newsworthy or important
Generic stucture :
Newsworthy event(s) : recount the events in
summary form
Background events : elaborate what happenend
to whom, in what circumstancec
Sources : comment by participants in, witnesses
to and aythorities expert on the events
Language features of news item
Short telegraphic information about story
captured in headline
Focus on person,animal, certain thing
Focus on circumstance
Material process ( action verbs )
Verbal process in sources stages
Past tense
Arranged in sequence of events
6 .REPORT
Social function :
to describe the way things are with reference to arange
of natural , man made and social phenomena in our
environment
it is the result of systematic observation or analysis
it is general conclusion, general statement about
Generic structure:
Generic classification: tell what phenomena under
discussion is
Description : tells the phenomena is like in the terms of
*parts and their function
*Qualities
*Habits or behaviours
Language features of report
General nouns : reptiles in Comodo island
Relating verbs / relational process
( is , are, …)
Action verbs ( birds fly, they eat…)
Present tense
Technical terms ( water contain hydrogen and
oxygen ..)
Paragraph with topic sentence to arrange some
information
7. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Social function :
To persuade the reader or listener that something is the
case that there is a case to concern, to pay attention to )
Generic stucture:
Thesis
Position : introduces topic and indicates writers position
Preview :outlines the main arguments to be presented
Arguments
Points : restates main arguments outlined in preview
Elaboration : develops and supports each point / argument
Language features of analytical
exposition
General nouns : cars , pollution, handphone
Abstract nouns :pilocy, government…
Technical terms :species of animal…
Relating verbs
Action verbs
Thingking verbs
Modal verbs
Connectivers
Evaluative words : important, valuable…
8 HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Social function:
To persuade the reader that something should or should
not be the case
It exhort someone to take or to desist in some action
Generic structure:
Thesis : announcement of issue of concern
Arguments : reasons for concern, leading to
recommendation
Recommendation : statement of what ought not to happen
Language features of hortatory
exposition
Generic human and non human participant
Mental process : to state what the writers thinks or feels
about the issue
Material process to state what happens
Relational process to state what it should be
Simple present
Abstract nouns
Technical verbs
Passive form
Modal verbs
Evaluative words
9. SPOOF
Social function :
To retell an event with humorous twist
Generic structure:
Orientation : sets the scene
Events
: tell what happened
Twist
: provides the punchline
Language features of spoof
Focus on person, animal, certain thing
Action verb
Past tense
Circumstance of time and place
Material process
10.Explanation
Social function:
To give an account of how something works or reasons for some
phenomenon ( why is it so? How does it work?)
Two basic types :
Explaining how : mechanical explanation ( how does a pump work?)
Technological explanation ( how does a computer work? )
System explanation ( How does a company work? )
Natural explanation ( how are mountains formed? )
Explaining why :
Why does things float and other sink?
Why does iron go rusty?
Generic structure :
General statement
A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs
Language features of explanation
General and abstract noun
Action verbs
Simple present tense
Passive form
conjunction of time
cause and effect relationships
Noun phrase
Abstract nouns
Adverbial phrases
Complex sentences
Technical terms
11. Discussion
Social function
To present ( at least ) two points of view about an issue
To look at an issue from a range of perspectives before
making judgement or recommendation
Generic structure :
Issue : statement and preview
Argument for and against or statements of differnet point
of view : point and elaboration
Conclusion or recommendations
Language features of discussion
Generic human and non human
participants
Material processes
Relational processes
Mental processes : feel , believe, think …
Comparative : contrastive
Consequential conjunction
Reasoning expresses as verbs and nouns
12. Review
Social function :
To critique an art work or event for a public audience
( works of art include movies, TV shows, books, plays, operas,
recordings, exhibition, concert and ballets )
Generic structure :
Orientation : places the work in its general and particular context.
Often by comparing it with its kind or through analogue with a non
art object or events
Interpretative Recount : summaries the plot and / or provides an
account of how the work came into being
Evaluation : usually recursive
( evaluation 1,2,3,… )
Evaluative summation
Language features of review
Focus on particular participant
Attitudinal lexis to show Direct expression of opinion,
including attitudinal epithets in nominal groups
Qualitative attributive and affective mental processes
Elaborating and extending clauses
Metaphorical language
The next???
Important terms to master
material process?
epithet?
circumstance???
etc …
lets discuss together