Memory Skills
Course Objectives
•
Explain What is Memory
•
Explain the Importance of Memory
•
Explain Atkinson-Schiffrin Three-stage Model of Memory
•
Describe the Three Phases of Memory Activity
•
Describe the Retrieval Memory Effects
•
Explain the Analogy between Computer System and Memory System
•
Explain What is Retrieval Failure
•
Explain the Types of Interference
•
Describe the Techniques to Improve Memory
•
Explain What are Mnemonics
•
Explain What is the ‘Link’ Method
•
Explain the Strategies for Remembering Names
•
Explain the Strategies for Remembering Faces
•
Explain the Strategies for Remembering Important Numbers
•
List the Tips for Improving Memory
Introduction
•
Jonathan Scheich is a manager at
Globus Inc.
•
Jonathan is an efficient and greatly
talented employee.
•
His bosses and subordinates greatly
appreciate his work and capabilities.
•
However, one major complaint that
his subordinates have is that he
always tends to forget things.
•
He constantly needs to be reminded
of important meetings, schedules,
deadlines and even people’s names.
Introduction
•
Jonathan maintains an online diary
and calendar to remind him of his
deadlines and schedules.
•
However, in his busy routine he
tends to overlook and forgets even
the reminders given by his online
calendar.
•
His subordinates are not very happy
with him as a manager and a leader
because he always forgets their
important days and misses out on
wishing them on their birthdays and
anniversaries.
•
Many times, he even forgets the
new employee’s names and has to
be constantly reminded of their
names.
Introduction
•
In spite of being a good and
efficient manager, Jonathan’s
subordinates feel that he does not
care about them to even remember
their names and wish them on their
important days.
•
Hence, you can see that just being
good at work is not the only thing
that you need to succeed
professionally.
Introduction
•
Jonathan is a good manager but is
not considered so by his
subordinates due to his simple habit
of forgetting.
•
Jonathan does not consider his poor
memory skills as something that he
needs to work on.
•
However, Jonathan is completely
wrong to think that way.
Introduction
•
Good memory skills are always a
great skill to possess whether you
are a student, a professional, a
leader or even a housewife.
•
Good memory skills not only help
you to complete your tasks more
efficiently and on time but also help
to make a good impression on
people.
Introduction
•
When you remember your assigned
tasks, their deadlines, people’s
faces, names, birthdays etc. they
tend to look up to you with respect.
•
Thus, good ‘memory skill’ is an
important skill to succeed in every
walk of your life.
•
Let us look at ‘Memory Skills’ in
detail.
What is Memory?
•
Memory is a boon to
the human kind.
•
Memory forms the
basis due to which you
identify, recognize and
know your loved ones,
friends, neighbors,
enemies, language,
skills, national anthem
and everything that
you know about
yourself and your
environment.
Importance of Memory
•
In today’s fast-paced world, it is
crucial that you should have a good
memory.
•
It is a good memory that will give
you the ability to remember faces,
names, facts, information, dates,
events, circumstances and other
things concerning your everyday life.
•
Therefore, a good memory is crucial
to help you achieve success in your
career and personal life.
Atkinson-Schiffrin Three-stage Model of Memory
The Atkinson-Schiffrin Three-stage Model of Memory comprises of the
following three components:
Sensory
Memory
Long-term
Memory
Let us look at each in detail.
Shortterm
Memory
Atkinson-Schiffrin Three-stage Model of Memory
The given image shows the Atkinson-Schiffrin Three-stage Model of Memory:
Sensory
Input
Sensory
Memory
Short-Term
Memory
• Environmental
information is
processed
External
Events
Long-Term
Memory
• New
information is
received from
sensory memory
Encoding
• Information
encoded in
short-term
memory is
Encoding & stored
Storage
• Large capacity
for information
• Limited capacity
for information
• Unlimited
capacity for
information
Retrieval
• Duration: 0.25—
3.0 seconds
• Duration: About
18 seconds
• Duration:
Potentially
permanent
Sensory Memory
The duration of the memories varies for the different senses as shown in the
image given below:
•
Iconic – 0.5 sec long
•
Echoic – 3 – 4 sec long
•
Hepatic – <1 sec long
Serial Position Effect
Serial Position Effect
•
This effect occurs due to the position
or the order in which the information
has been received by the person.
•
So, it leads to the effect wherein a
person may nicely recall first and last
items on a list but poorly recall the
middle items on the list.
Exercising Daily
•
A research study by various
experts has found that ‘exercising
your body’ helps to a great
extent in enhancing your brain
functions.
•
This is due to the fact that
physical exercise increases the
level of Brain-derived
Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) in
your body.
•
BDNF is a substance that
enhances communication
between neurons and also helps
in the growth and survival of
neurons.
Real Life Example
Carefully observe the given image and notice the various details shown in the
image.
NEXT
Click on the
‘Next’ button to
go to the next
screen
Real Life Example
Answer the following questions based on your observation
of the image:
•
What was the sequence of colors of the pillows facing
you?
_____________________________________________
•
What was the color of the floor lamp?
_____________________________________________
•
What time was shown by the clock?
_____________________________________________
•
What was the color of the flowers in the vase?
_____________________________________________
Click on the 'Answers’ button to view
the answers to the given questions
ANSWERS
Real Life Example
Answer the following questions based on your observation
of the image:
•
What was the sequence of colors of the pillows facing
you?
_ Yellow, Purple, Green and Blue_____________
•
What was the color of the floor lamp?
_Black________________________________________
•
What time was shown by the clock?
_ 6:40 ________________________________________
•
What was the color of the flowers in the vase?
_ Red_________________________________________
Click on the ‘Next’ button to
view the next image
NEXT
What is the ‘Link’ Method?
Strategies for Remembering Names
The following are a few powerful strategies you can use to remember
people’s names:
•
Always pay attention the first time you meet someone. You
should carefully listen to the person’s name and face.
•
If you feel that you have not been able to hear the name of
the person clearly or correctly, you should always politely ask
the person to repeat his name.
•
After you feel you have correctly and clearly heard the
person’s name, you should always repeat the name of the
person in a clever way such as ‘Glad to meet you, John’ or
‘Glad to meet you Mr. Smith’.
Real Life Example
You will now see a few of Jonathan’s subordinates introducing themselves
to you.
NEXT
Click on the
‘Next’ button to
go to the next
Hi, my name is Rachel.
I amI am
a Senior
Hello!
Kevin.
I am a Programmer at
Hello, my name is Rosaline.
Iscreen
work
as an
Hi, is
I am
Edward.
as a
Hi, my
Louis.
I workI work
as Assistant
Hi, I amGraphic
Sandra.Designer.
I work
as name
a Software
Globus.
Instructional Designer at Manager
Globus. Graphic
Designer.
under Jonathan.
Tester.
Strategies for Remembering Important Numbers
1
2
3
4
The following are a few powerful strategies you can use to remember
important numbers such as mobile numbers, telephone numbers, bank
account numbers and debit/credit card numbers and much more:
1.
Numbers to Sentences
2.
Numbers to Shapes
3.
Numbers through Senses
4.
Numbers through Associations
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