Interactive Vocabulary Instruction
Emily Whiteside
Technology and Deaf Education Symposium, June 21, 2010

Speech/Language Pathologist –
With an interest in Deaf/Hard of Hearing Students

Instructional Technologist –
Seeking to design, develop, implement, and
research a technology solution for vocabulary
improvement
2
Deafness
Language
Acquisition
Speech
Pathology
vocabulary
Literacy
Technology
3
Hyperlinked, digital learning environments

animated videos of published books

live-action video sign language* interpretation

multimedia instructional activities and games
4

Research Project

Examples of Signed Storybooks

Tips and Basics of how to
create MMS
5
Limited access to language of home or school
Limited incidental vocabulary acquisition
Delayed language development
 Poor reading comprehension skills
Social isolation
6
Knowledge
Receptive vocabulary skills
Experiences
Multimedia vocabulary instruction
Attitudes
Multimedia vocabulary instruction
7
Degree of Loss
Profound
9
Severe
3
Mild
1
Type of Loss
Sensory-Neural
10
Mixed
2
Auditory
1
Neuropathy
Assistive Listening Device
Cochlear
Implant
FM Listening
Device
Student Primary Language
Spoken English
4
ASL
9
Home Primary Language
Spoken English
12
Spoken Spanish
1
ASL
0
3
10
8
My hard of hearing students do not understand
age-appropriate vocabulary in text, speech, or
sign language.
9
The selected technology for the intervention was multimedia
storybooks with sign language interpretation and accompanying
multimedia vocabulary instructional activities.
15 sessions/student – 10.5 hours
90 instructor sessions – 60 hours
5 weeks; 5 books; 5 activities
25 targeted vocabulary words
10
Before
•Word Pretest
•Word Meaning Pretest
•Student Perception Survey
During
•Teacher Journal
After
•Word Posttest
•Word Meaning Posttest
•Student Perception Survey
11
Research Question 1:
Receptive Vocabulary Achievement
Word Pretest
Word Posttest
Meaning Pretest
Meaning Posttest
Word Difference
Meaning Difference
M
0.7969
0.9200
0.7846
0.8831
0.1231*
0.0985**
SD
0.2156
0.1744
0.2088
0.2182
0.1205
0.1184
N
13
13
13
13
13
13
*p < .0031, **p < .0111
12
Student Engagement
Research Question 2:
Student Experiences
Teacher Reflective Journal
Student choice
Attention to signing
Game-like activities
Video length
Linguistic complexity
13
Group Interaction
Research Question 2:
Student Experiences
-Teacher Reflective Journal
Cooperation
Peer Coaching
Shared schema
Argument
Competition
Group size
14
Communication
Research Question 2:
-Teacher Reflective Journal
- Student Experiences
Imitative
Spontaneous
Reading
Word Combinations
Shared Schema
Transfer
15
Interaction with Digital Media
Research Question 2:
Student Experiences
Teacher Reflective Journal
Response to media
Media controls
Input device
Interest in technology
 Insufficient RAM
Inactive links
16
Research Question 2:
Student Experiences - Teacher Reflective Journal
Percent Occurrence
100
98
80
60
96
81
92
88
81
51
40
20
0
Guiding
Question
Domains
 Engagement
 Peer Interaction
 Communication
 Digital Media Interaction 17
Research Question 3:
Attitudes - Student Perception Survey
4
Very Happy
3.5
3
A Little Happy
A Little Sad
2.5
2
1.5
Very Sad
1
0.5
0
1
Pre-survey Mean
Post-survey Mean
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
N = 13
18
Research Question 3:
Attitudes - Student Perception Survey
pretest
posttest
M
SD
M
SD
MD
1. My mom reads me a book,
but she does not sign.
2.31
1.11
2.38
1.18
+.08
3. I watch a video story with
sign language on the
computer.
3.77
.44
3.85
0.38
+.08
7. I learn new words with
video stories and computer
games.
3.31
.95
3.85
0.38
+.54
9. I read the same book many 3.46 .52
times.
3.54
0.66
+.08
Survey Item
19
Research Question 3:
Attitudes - Student Perception Survey
pretest
Survey Item
2. A teacher shows me a book and
signs me a story.
M
3.46
posttest
SD
M
SD
MD
0.78 3.38 .87
-.08
4. I watch a video story without signs 3.46
on the computer, but I can read the
captions.
.66
3.00 1.15
-.46
5. I use a dictionary to learn new
words.
3.62
.87
3.31 .75
-.31
6. A teacher shows me how to sign
new words.
3.46
.66
3.31 .94
-.15
8. I watch a video story many times.
3.31
.75
3.23 .93
-.08
10. I know many new words.
3.69
.48
3.61 .65
-.07
20
Achievement – significant positive
Experiences - positive
Attitude - positive
21
Pre/Post vocabulary tests did not discriminate well enough
Many students knew most of the target words prior to
instruction
Language barrier for survey
Small sample size
Novelty may have been a factor
Teacher Journal may show bias
22
Vocabulary selection
Time-intensive
Transfer of learning
Primary language access
Choice and entertainment
Rich, relevant environment
Implicit/explicit/expressive
study
23
Carney, A. E., & Moeller, M. P. (1998). Treatment efficacy: Hearing loss in
children [Supplement]. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing
Research, 41, S61-S81. Retrieved June 22, 2007, from
http://asha.org
Easterbrooks, S. (1999). Improving practices for students with hearing
impairments. Exceptional Child. 65(4), 537-554. Retrieved June
28,2007, from the PsycINFO database.
Golos, D. B. (2006). Using instructional videos in American Sign Language
as a tool to facilitate the development of emergent literacy skills in
Deaf and hard of hearing preschool children. Ann Arbor, MI: U.M.I.
LaSasso, C., & Davey, B. (1987). The relationship between lexical
knowledge and reading comprehension for prelingually, profoundly
hearing-impaired students. Volta Review, 89(4), 211-220. Retrieved
July 19, 2007, from the PsycINFO database.
Loeterman, M., Paul, P., & Donahue, S. (2002). Reading and deaf
children. Reading Online. Retrieved June 8, 2007, from Academic
Search Premier database.
24
25
Think about what you want to do…
and think about it again.
Consider :
• Audience
•Constraints
•Media
26
Now plan : It’s all in the details.
Goals and Objectives
Instructional Strategy
Product*
* Template available at http://www.slideshare.net/ewhites/multimedia-storybook-template
27
Finally. . . . the fun part
PowerPoint
Movie Maker
Discovery Education Streaming
CamStudio
Audacity
Picnik
Picasa
Flickr
Wikimedia Commons
* Resources on Handout
28
•Media
•Instruction
•Interactivity
29

Manually

Use existing document
(Outline view; New Slide arrow)

Flow chart is blueprint

Save as template before adding content
* Template available at http://www.slideshare.net/ewhites/multimedia-storybook-template
30

Logical

Simple

Descriptive
Read me
31

Images: clip art, photos, scanned

Video: commercial or user created

Audio: commercial or user created

Script: definitions, prompts, games, simpler
storyline
32





Flikr
Wikimedia Commons
Picasa
PowerPoint Clipart
Windows Movie Maker
Create File; Save; Stay Put!
* Resources on Handout
33

Discovery Learning


Fair Use for class
Restrictions apply
Need a password and username
Download online
Import into Windows Movie Maker

Create File; Save; Stay Put!



34

Child-friendly definitions

Simplified story line, if
needed

Prompts and Questions

Navigational Instructions
35

Voice talent

Signing talent

Singing talent

Acting talent
36

Quiet, well-lit room

Extra lights

Tripod and digital camera

Solid backdrop

Contrasting, solid shirts

Script
37
Audacity

Definitions

prompts,

Simpler story line

navigational instructions
38
Windows Movie Maker
Import images,
audio & video clips
 Trim clips
 Add title, text
overlays, and
credits.

39
Storyboard to the Rescue!
•Color
•Font
•Graphics
•Audio
•Video
•Links
•Icons
•Text
•Animation
* Template available at http://www.slideshare.net/ewhites/multimedia-storybook-template
40
Navigation and Action
Action Buttons
Hyperlinks
Embedded Objects
Animations
41

Animations

Embedded Objects

Hyperlinks

Action Buttons
Play a Game!
42
HORSE
43
oYou picked the goat.
oA horse has a mane.
oA goat has horns.
oGo back and try again.
44
45
Test / Repair / Test / Repair . . .
Quality
Control
Is Key
•Check links
•Run through every option
•Watch someone else use
the product
46
Template
Slideshare.net
search Emily Whiteside
http://www.slideshare.net/ewhites/mul
timedia-storybook-template
47
Licensed for
Non-Commercial Reuse
48
Change colors * Delete image portions * Redraw lines
*Windows Meta Files (wmf) only
49
Change colors * Delete image portions * Redraw lines.
*Windows Meta Files (wmf) only
50
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Reuse in:
•Non-MS Office programs
•Web sites
•Movies
•Adobe Acrobat
52
Emily Whiteside
ewhites@knology.net
www.everythingvocabulary.blogspot.com
53