Prefinal

 Renal agenesis
Topics
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 Renal hypoplasia
 Supernumerary kidneys
 Renal fusion
 Ectopic kidney
 Ureteral atresia
 Duplication of the ureter

Renal agenesis
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 Virtually always unilateral.
 Kidney is either absent or undeveloped.
 Usually causes no symptoms and found incidentally.

Renal Agenesis
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Renal hypoplasia
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 May appear as one small kidney with the other one larger than normal.
 Small kidneys also have small arteries and are associated with hypertension requiring nephrectomy.

Renal hypoplasia
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Renal fusion (horseshoe
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 Prevalence 1 in 1,000 people.
 Most frequent abnormality seen is a horseshoe kidney containing 2 excretory systems and 2 ureters.
 Usually asymptomatic but are prone to obstruction.

Renal fusion (horseshoe
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Ectopic (Pelvis Kidney)
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 In simple ectopy, the kidney does not ascend properly and is found in the pelvis or over the brim.
 Prone to obstruction and infection.
 Less commonly crossed ectopy without fusion. The kidney then lies on the opposite side and is not attached to the normally placed kidney.

Ectopic Kidney (Pelvis
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Ureteral atresia
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 The ureter may be absent or fails to extend to the bladder and therefore with a blind ending.
 It is associated with ipsilateral absent or multicystic kidney.
 Bilateral atresia is incompatible with life.
Unilateral atresia is usually asymptomatic but may cause hypertension.

Ureteral atresia
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Duplication of the ureter
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 One of the most common congenital malformations of the urinary tract with duplication found in 0.9% of a series of autopsies.
 More common in females and is often bilateral.
 Often asymptomatic but commonly presents with persistent or recurrent urinary tract infections.

Duplication of the ureter
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Supernumerary kidneys
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 Third kidney is very rare and not to be confused with the relatively common unilateral duplication of the renal pelvis.

Supernumerary kidneys
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