The International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship
Assuring the Acquisition of Expertise:
Apprenticeship in the Modern Economy
Master Education of
Vocational Instructors
Jian-Rong ZHANG
Institute of Vocational Instructors, Tongji University
Shanghai, 200092, China
Tel：0086-21-65988567
Mob：0086-13641869598
E-mail: zhangjr@tongji.edu.cn
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Contents
1
Background of Education of TVET Teachers in
China
2
Necessary Competence as a TVET teachers
3
Education and development of TVET teachers
4
Master education program for TVET teachers
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1. Background of Education of TVET Teachers in
China
In China, only a very small part of vocational school
teachers have received pre-service professional
education for TVET. In-service training is the main way
for a new teacher to start teaching career life.
There is no professional competence standard of TVET
teaching and training staff in china. The condition for
recruitment of professional teachers in vocational
schools is usually bachelor degree or master degree in
some special field. Vocational schools cannot recruit
teachers with competence according to the requirement
of TVET.
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2. Necessary Competence as a TVET teachers
Competence in working process: knowledge
and skills as a technician
 Competence in teaching process: knowledge
and skills as a teacher

Such a combination of competence could be
called dual competence.
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2. Necessary Competence as a TVET teachers
TVET teachers’ competence
Education
Professional
disciplines
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2. Necessary Competence as a TVET teachers

TVET teachers’ competence is different from either
that of engineers or technicians, or that of general
teachers.
Ability of
teacher
Ability of
engineer
TVET
teachers’
ability
It is necessary to carry out special master
degree education for TVET teachers.
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2. Necessary Competence as a TVET teachers
TVET instructors should have the ability to
applying the pedagogic theory in teaching of
vocational contents.
 TVET instructors must have the vocational
teaching ability to combine vocation, technology
and education.

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3. Education and development of TVET teachers
Ways to improve education for TVET teachers in China
at present:
Accept in-service education for Master of Engineering
The contents for Master of Engineering are quite
different from the work of TVET teaching in
knowledge, theory, skills and ability.
The education objectives, researching field,
teaching content and assessment standards for master
education are not consistent with the requirements of
TVET teachers.
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3. Education and development of TVET teachers
Ways to improve education for TVET teachers in China at
present:
Accept in-service education for Master of Education.
Master of Education was designed for persons who
work in basic education and educational
management, which are quite different from
Vocational Education.
General education does not cover the content,
methods and fields of vocational education.
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3. Education and development of TVET teachers
The comprehensive capacities of TVET teachers
should be integrated in the process of teaching and
training professional and educational knowledge and
achieve the fully combination of the both.
This training goal could not be achieved by the
existing education system in the form of Master of
Engineering or Master of Education. It is reasonable
and possible to set “Master of Vocational Education”
in China.
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3. Education and development of TVET teachers
“Master of Vocational Education”
Postgraduate level degree
Consists of teaching,
practice and assessment
Master
methods, including a
of
master dissertation.
TVET
For TVET teachers
An interdisciplinary degree
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4. Master education program for TVET teachers
1
Objective for Master education of TVET Teachers
2 Education background necessary for Master education
3 Theoretical study in education and vocational education
4 Practice in two places: vocational school and enterprise
5 Cooperation of universities with companies and vocational
school
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4. Master education program for TVET teachers
1
Objective for Master education of TVET Teachers
 To cultivate high quality vocational
educators.
vocational school teachers, training
instructors, administrators for vocational
schools, education administrators in
enterprises, human resource managers
Have the knowledge of both one subject
and education.
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4. Master education program for TVET teachers
2 Education background necessary for Master education
The discipline for master education program
should base on occupation classification and
industry section.
Students cannot cross the major to register.
Students should be restricted to apply for the
major which is the same or relevant to that
they learn in undergraduate education.
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4. Master education program for TVET teachers
3 Theoretical study in education and vocational education
The curriculum should put emphasis on theory of education and
vocational education. The courses will include,
Vocational and Technical Education
Technical Education Psychology
Vocational Development and Work Analysis
Work Didactics
Moreover, other optional courses are:
Education Management and Human Resources Development
Educational Economics
International Vocational Education Comparison
etc.
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4. Master education program for TVET teachers
4 Practice in two places: vocational school and enterprise
Teach-practice in vocational school.
Develop curriculum
Teaching methods
 Pass some kind of examination, and get
qualification to be a teacher
 in the third term.
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4. Master education program for TVET teachers
4 Practice in two places: vocational school and enterprise
Practice in enterprise as technician or junior
manager.
During practice in enterprise, students should
attend training for the intermediate or above
technical titles which related to their major,
pass some kind of examination, and get some
qualification.
 be arranged in the forth term.
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4. Master education program for TVET teachers
4 Practice in two places: vocational school and enterprise
The final thesis for master degree could
be prepared during internship in enterprise.
The topic of the thesis should cover the
fields of teaching activities in vocational
education and technology in relevant
industry sections.
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4. Master education program for TVET teachers
5 Cooperation of universities with enterprises and vocational
school
Universities-enterprises cooperation
University-school co-operation
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Thanks!
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