 1. Can
you name a major North American
city not on a river or with access to an
ocean?? Where is the clothing you are
wearing made? (check!)
 Agenda
• Weekend Recap
• Vocab Quiz
• KI 1-2 due today
• Ppt on Industry
 Homework:
• KI 3 and 4 (prepare for quiz)
• Industry ws
 The
Industrial Revolution:
 A. Pre-IR
1. People had made goods for thousands of years
prior to IR
a. Slow by hand
b. Workmen do all facets of production
c. Guilds create prod. Standards.
2. Spatial Distr.
a. work done at home (cottage ind.)
b. industry dispersed in all locations
 Why
did it begin in Great Britain?
• 1. capitalist system
 A. middle class workmen created by guilds
 B. people free to form biz
 C. education
 D. Patent system encouraged development
• 2. Labor
 A. developments improve productivity in farming
 B. raw materials
 C. rivers, canals harbors
 D. small compact size
 E. existing bank system
 F. stable political system
 G. colonies
 Key
Developments
• 1. James Watt patents the Steam Engine (1769)
 A. wood replaced water as source of energy
 B. changes location of machinery
 -now located wherever wood exists
• 2. Steam Engine adapts to iron industry
 A. SE provides steady supply of hot air for blast furn.
 B. ease in (s)melting of iron and shaping it into “pig
iron”
• 3. Steam engine adapts to textile industry
 A. cotton fiber spun into thread
 B. thread woven into cloth with power looms in large
factories.
• 4. Steam Engine adapts to iron industry
 A. other industries arise from iron industry
 -wood becomes scarce – coal – coke
 Integrated factories where iron is smelted and processed
into steel
 Need to transport coal and iron - railroad
 Effects
• 1. Economic: More goods at lower prices
• 2. Social: available labor leaves farms and
clusters in cities
 A. urban blight, pollution
 B. canned food
• 3. political: surplus labor – mistreated workers –
liberalism and communism
• 4. Technology
• 5. Agricultural Revolution (2nd)
 A. increased productivity
 B. use of machinery
• 6. demographic – move from DTM 1 to DTM 2
 Early
Diffusion
• 1. eastward to Belgium, France, and Germany
• 2. Further diffusion to Italy, Netherlands, Russia
and Sweden by early 1800s
• 3. US not affected by political instability in
Europe: diffusion by early 1800s.
 A. 8,000 spindles of textiles in 1808 – 80,000 by 1811
 B. by Civil War, US is 2nd largest industrial power
 1. Primary
– Extracting Resources
 2. Secondary – Processing Stage
 3. Tertiary – Services
• -Transportation/communication
• -Producer services
• -Consumer services
 Four
Main Industrial
Districts
• United Kingdom
• Rhine-Ruhr Valley
• Mid-Rhine
• Northern Italy
 Close
to raw materials
and markets
 19th
century
• Dominated steel, textiles
• Industrial Revolution
 20th
Century
• Factories deteriorated
• New high-tech industries
• Lower taxes on businesses, reduce government
regulations, utilize computers
 Northwestern
Germany, Belgium, France,
Netherlands
 Diffusion of Industrial Revolution delayed
 Close to major water systems
 Iron and Steel
 Southwestern
Germany, Northeastern
France, Luxembourg
 Lacks raw materials
 Center of Europe’s most important
consumer market
 Mercedes-Benz and Audi
 Produces
¼ of Russian industrial output
 Near the country’s largest market
 High value items
• Linen, cotton, wool, silk, chemicals
 Iron
and steel manufacturing, chemicals,
machinery
 Examples:
• New England
• Western Great Lakes
 Industrial
Center in 19th Century
• Cotton textiles
 Now
known for relatively skilled but
expensive labor
 Detroit
and Toledo, Ohio, Chicago,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
 Chicago is transfer point among
transportation systems (water, rail, truck,
air)
 Automobiles, machine tools,
transporation equipment, clothing,
furniture, agricultural machinery, food
products
 Japan
became an industrial power in the
1950’s and 1960’s
• Produced goods that could be sold in large
quantity at cut-rate prices
 China
has become the world’s secondlargest manufacturer measured in output
and has the largest labor force.