UIS activities in the collection and analysis of STI indicators and overview of data for Arab States Regional Workshop on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Indicators for Gulf countries Doha, Qatar 15 to 17 October 2012 www.uis.unesco.org Objectives of this presentation Present the work that UIS does to support the collection and analysis of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) indicators in developing countries Provide an overview of the availability of STI indicators worldwide and in the region www.uis.unesco.org UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Formerly UNESCO Office of Statistics; Division of Statistics on S&T Established in 1999 September 2001 - the UIS moved from Paris to the University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada 30 November 2001 – UNESCO Director-General inaugurates the UNESCO Institute for Statistics in Montreal Director: Mr. Hendrik van der Pol www.uis.unesco.org UIS presence around the world • Paris •Montreal • Doha • Delhi Dakar● • Bamako •Yaounde • Nairobi • Luanda • Windhoek • Bangkok Apia ● • Santiago www.uis.unesco.org UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) United Nations data repository for: • Education • Science, Technology and Innovation • Culture • Communication www.uis.unesco.org UIS is the UN lead agency for S&T statistics Official S&T data source for: • UN Statistical Division: UN Statistical Year Book • UNDP: Human Development Report • World Bank: World Development Indicators Data publicly available at: http://www.uis.unesco.org UIS Publications (can be downloaded from the UIS website): S&T Bulletins; Fact sheet, eAtlas on R&D statistics UNESCO Reports: • UNESCO Science Report • UNESCO World Report - Towards Knowledge Societies • International Report on S&T and Gender • History of Science Statistics at UNESCO www.uis.unesco.org Areas of work R&D personnel & expenditure Human resources devoted to S&T International mobility • Gender Innovation data • Since 2010 Longer term: Output & Impact www.uis.unesco.org Lines of action 1. STI survey operation and data guardianship 1.1 R&D Survey 1.2 Innovation Survey 2. Training in STI statistics: workshops & other training activities 3. Standard setting and methodological developments 4. Analysis and publications www.uis.unesco.org 1. STI Survey operation and data guardianship Global survey on statistics of Research and Development (R&D) Global database on R&D Statistics Data dissemination: on the UIS website and through contributions to other agencies 2011: Pilot survey of Innovation Statistics www.uis.unesco.org 1.1 Survey on Statistics of Research and Development (R&D) Biennially. 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010 R&D surveys completed. 5th round was launched in June 2012. Data and metadata released on UIS website (http://stats.uis.unesco.org). OECD and Eurostat provide data for their Member States. RICYT provides data for Latin America and for a few Caribbean countries. www.uis.unesco.org Data collection: R&D Survey R&D Personnel By sector of employment, occupation, qualification, and field of science In headcount and FTE By gender R&D Expenditure By sector of performance and source of funds By type of activity and field of science www.uis.unesco.org Respondents to the UIS 2010 and 2012 questionnaires: Arab States Country 2010Q 2012Q 1 Bahrain Data not provided Data not provided 2 Kuwait Data provided Data provided 3 Oman Data not provided Data not provided 4 Qatar Data not provided Data not provided 5 Saudi Arabia Data provided Data not provided 6 United Arab Emirates Data not provided Data not provided 7 Algeria Data not provided Data not provided 8 Djibouti Data not provided Data not provided 9 Egypt Data provided Data not provided 10 Iraq Data provided Data provided 11 Jordan Data provided Data not provided www.uis.unesco.org Respondents to the UIS 2010 and 2012 questionnaires: Arab States conti.. Country 2010Q 2012Q 12 Lebanon Data not provided Data not provided 13 Libya Data provided Data not provided 14 Mauritania Data not provided Data not provided 15 Morocco Data provided Data not provided 16 Palestine Data provided Data provided 17 South Sudan Data not provided Data not provided 18 Sudan Data not provided Data not provided 19 Syrian Arab Republic Data not provided Data not provided 20 Tunisia Data provided Data not provided 21 Yemen Data not provided Data not provided www.uis.unesco.org UIS 2010 and 2012 Surveys on R&D: response rates & published data Effective responses Q 2010 Regions (Countries and Territories covered) Effective responses Q 2012 12 27% Arab States-Africa (9) 4 44% Asia (31, excl. Arab States & OECD) 16 52% Arab States - Asia (12) 6 50% Americas (14, excl. RICYT & OECD) 0 0% 1 7% 4 29% Europe (16, excl. OECD & Eurostat) 7 44% 3 19% 11 69% Oceania (17, excl. OECD) 0 0% 0 0% 3 18% 45 31% 17 12% 84 59% OECD + Eurostat (44) 45 100% 44 100% 44 100% RICYT (26, incl. 10 Caribbean) 18 72% 19 73% 19 73% 108 51% 80 37% 147 69% Sub-Saharan Africa (45) Sub-total (144) 30% 51% 3 7% 0 0% 7 23% 3 25% Published data (by June 2012) 6% 23% 31 69% 6 67% 24 77% 5 42% 70% 67% Data from other sources: Total (214) Note: Effective responses: number of returned questionnaires with data. www.uis.unesco.org Researchers, Arab States, 2009 or last available year Country Bahrain* Year … Researchers per million inhabitants (FTE) Researchers (FTE) … … 402 152 Kuwait 2009 Oman … … … Qatar … … … 1 271 (HC) 47 (HC) … … 5 593 170 … … Saudi Arabia* United Arab Emirates 2009 … Algeria* 2005 Djibouti … Egypt* 2009 33 516 420 Iraq* 2009 1 520 49 Jordan* 2008 11 310 (HC) 1 934 (HC) Source: UIS S&T Database, Aug 2012 FTE: Full-time equivalent; * Based onwww.uis.unesco.org partial data Researchers, Arab States, 2009 or last available year conti.. Country Lebanon Libya* Year … 2009 Researchers per million inhabitants (FTE) Researchers (FTE) … … 460 (HC) 73 (HC) … … Mauritania … Morocco* 2008 20 703 661 Palestine* 2009 567 144 … … 11 208 (HC) … … … 19 086 1 863 … … South Sudan Sudan* Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia* Yemen Source: UIS S&T Database, Aug 2012 … 2005 … 2008 … FTE: Full-time equivalent; * Based onwww.uis.unesco.org partial data How many researchers are there? Number of researchers worldwide 2002 (5.8 million) 2007 (7.2 million) 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 Researchers (millions) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Developed countries Source: UIS, August 2010 Developing countries www.uis.unesco.org How many researchers are there? Number of researchers worldwide 2002 (5.8 million) 2007 (7.2 million) 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 Researchers (millions) 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 EU Source: UIS, August 2010 USA Japan Other developed Note: Data for the USA are for 2006 instead of 2007 China Other developing www.uis.unesco.org Where are researchers located? Shares of world researchers by principal regions, 2002 and 2007 (%) 2002 (5.8 million) North America, 25.2% Latin America & Caribbean, 2.9% Africa, 2.3% Oceania, 2.1% Asia, 35.7% 2007 (7.1 million) Europe, 31.9% North America, 22.2% Latin America & Caribbean, 3.6% Africa, 2.3% Oceania, 2.1% Asia, 41.4% Europe, 28.4% Source: UIS, August 2010 www.uis.unesco.org Which countries host the greatest number of researchers? Number of researchers, 2009 or latest available year 229,130 154,827 142,948 1,592,420 236,137 243,338 311,500 442,263 656,676 Source: UIS, July 2011 1,412,639 China-1 United States-2 Japan-1 Russian Fed. Germany United Kingdom Rep. of Korea-1 France-1 India-4 Canada-2 Note: -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007, -4 = 2005. Data in this graph are based on FTE data. www.uis.unesco.org A breakdown of researchers in the Americas. Researchers by sector of employment, 2009 or latest available year Business enterprise Government Private non-profit Unknown Higher education 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Source: UIS, July 2011 Nicaragua*-5 Costa Rica-1 Paraguay-1 Guatemala-1 Venezuela Trinidad & Tobago*-1 Colombia-1 Panama-1 Uruguay-1 El Salvador* Bolivia-7 Argentina-1 Honduras*-6 Ecuador-1 Brazil-1 Mexico-2 Chile-5 Canada-2 United States-2 0% Note: -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007, -5 = 2004, -6 = 2003, -7 = 2002. Data in this graph are based www.uis.unesco.org on FTE data (* based on HC data). A breakdown of researchers in Europe. Researchers by sector of employment, 2009 or latest available year Business enterprise Government Higher education Private non-profit Unknown 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Source: UIS, July 2011 Note: +1 = 2010, -1 = 2008, -2= 2007. Data in this graph are based on FTE data (* based on www.uis.unesco.org HC data). Albania-1 Montenegro*-2 Serbia Macedonia (FYR)-1 Latvia Rep. of Moldova Slovakia Lithuania Bulgaria Poland Croatia Portugal Cyprus Greece-2 Estonia Romania United Kingdom+1 Spain Turkey Ukraine Italy Switzerland-1 Netherlands Czech Rep. Slovenia Hungary Belgium Iceland-1 Russian Fed. Malta Norway Ireland Belarus* France-1 Luxembourg Germany Finland Denmark Sweden Austria 0% Source: UIS, July 2011 Government Higher education Private non-profit Note: -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007, -3 = 2006, -4 = 2005, -6 = 2002, -7 = 2001, -9 = 2000, -12 = 1997. www.uis.unesco.org Data in this graph are based on FTE data (* based on HC data). Australia-1 New Zealand-2 Business enterprise Rep. of Korea-1 Japan-1 China-1 Singapore-1 Philippines-2 Hong Kong, India-4 Malaysia-3 Jordan*-6 Lao PDR-7 Palestine*-1 Thailand-2 Sri Lanka-1 Brunei-6 Cambodia-7 Iran-1 Azerbaijan Kyrgyzstan* Viet Nam-7 Kazakhstan* Macao, China Mongolia* Indonesia*-4 Tajikistan*-3 Armenia* Bangladesh*-12 Georgia*-4 Pakistan Mali*-2 South Africa-2 Ghana-2 Botswana*-4 Uganda* Zambia-1 Lesotho Tunisia-1 Cen. Afr. Rep.* Cameroon*-1 Kenya*-2 Sudan*-4 Malawi-2 Morocco-1 Senegal-1 Mozambique*-2 Burkina Faso*-2 Ethiopia-2 Gambia* Seychelles-4 Guinea*-9 Egypt Madagascar-2 Tanzania*-2 Nigeria-2 Algeria-4 Togo-2 Congo DR*-4 Côte d'Ivoire-4 A breakdown of researchers in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. Researchers by sector of employment, 2009 or latest available year 100% Unknown 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% What are the national research densities? Researchers per million inhabitants, 2009 or latest available year 0–100 per million 101–300 per million 301–1000 per million 1001–2000 per million 2001 per million and above Data not available Source: UIS, July 2011 Note: Data in this map are based on FTE. However, figures in headcounts (HC) were considered for the following countries since the FTE figures were not available: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bangladesh; Belarus; Benin; Botswana; Cameroon; Central African Rep.; Cuba; Dem. Rep. of the Congo; El Salvador; Gabon; Gambia; Georgia; Guinea; Honduras; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Libya; Mauritius; Mongolia; Montenegro; Nauru; Nicaragua; Peru; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Saudi Arabia; Sudan; Tajikistan; Tanzania; Trinidad and Tobago; Uganda and U.S. Virgin Islands. This has to be taken into account when interpreting the data. www.uis.unesco.org The gender gap in science. Women as a share of total researchers, 2009 or latest available year 0%–30% 30.1%–45% 45.1%–55% 55.1%–70% 70.1%–100% Data not available Source: UIS, July 2011 Note: Data in this map are based on HC, except for Congo and www.uis.unesco.org India (based on FTE). Gender gap in research career? Proportion of women and men graduates in tertiary education and those employed as researchers, 2008 Women Men 80 Women and men (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bachelor's degree Source: UIS, October 2010 Master's degree PhD degree Researchers www.uis.unesco.org Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD), Arab States, 2009 or last available year Country Year Bahrain … Kuwait* 2009 GERD ('000) – Local currency GERD - PPP$ ('000) GERD – as % of GDP … … … 34 197 … 0.11 Oman … … … … Qatar … … … … 1 180 752 503 573 0.08 … … … 4 994 000 157 008 0.07 … … … 2 200 000 998 370 0.21 … … … 67 785 135 088 0.42 Saudi Arabia* United Arab Emirates 2009 … Algeria* 2005 Djibouti … Egypt* 2009 Iraq Jordan* Source: UIS S&T Database, Aug 2012 … 2008 * Based on partial data www.uis.unesco.org Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD), Arab States, 2009 or last available year conti.. Country Year GERD ('000) – Local currency GERD - PPP$ ('000) GERD – as % of GDP Lebanon … … … … Libya … … … … Mauritania … … … … Morocco* 2006 3 670 080 765 086 0.64 Palestine … … … … South Sudan … … … … 192 840 179 085 0.29 … … … 649 000 1 064 275 1.10 … … … Sudan* Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia* Yemen Source: UIS S&T Database, Aug 2012 2005 … 2009 … * Based on partial data www.uis.unesco.org Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) worldwide 2002 (790.3 billion) 2007 (1145.7 billion) 1000 873.2 900 GERD (in billions PPP$) 800 700 653.0 600 500 400 272.5 300 137.3 200 100 0 Developed countries Source: UIS, August 2010 Developing countries Figures are in Purchasing Power Parity Dollars (PPP$) www.uis.unesco.org Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) worldwide 2002 (790.3 billion) 2007 (1145.7 billion) 400 373 GERD (in billions PPP$) 350 300 277 265 250 206 200 170 148 150 108 102 87 100 98 62 39 50 0 USA Source: UIS, August 2010 EU Japan Other developed Figures are in Purchasing Power Parity Dollars (PPP$) China Other developing www.uis.unesco.org Where are R&D investments made? Shares of world R&D expenditure (GERD) by principal regions, 2002 and 2007 (%) 2002 (789 billion PPP$) Europe, 30.3% Latin America & Caribbean, 2.6% Oceania, 1.4% Africa, 0.9% North America, 37.8% 2007 (1138 billion PPP$) Asia, 27.1% Europe, 27.3% Latin America & Caribbean, 2.9% Oceania, 1.6% Africa, 0.9% North America, 34.7% Asia, 32.7% Source: UIS, August 2010 www.uis.unesco.org World’s top 10 leaders in R&D investment GERD (‘000 PPP$), 2009 or latest available year 24,935,470 33,368,083 24,752,618 398,194,000 40,610,639 43,906,413 47,953,451 83,974,765 121,369,732 148,719,235 United States-1 Japan-1 China-1 Germany France Rep. of Korea-1 United Kingdom Russian Fed. Canada Italy Source: UIS, July 2011 Note: -1 = 2008. www.uis.unesco.org A snap-shot of R&D intensity. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP, 2009 or latest available year 0.00%–0.25% 0.26%–0.50% 0.51%–1.00% 1.01%–2.00% 2.01% and above Data not available Source: UIS, July 2011 www.uis.unesco.org R&D intensity (GERD as a % of GDP) by principal regions, 1990 – 2007 3.0% Northern America 2.6% 2.6% Oceania 2.5% 2.1% 2.0% WORLD 1.8% 1.8% 1.7% 1.8% 1.6% 1.5% 1.6% Europe 1.1% Asia 1.0% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% Latin America & Caribbean Africa 0.0% 1990 1992 1994 1996/1997 1999/2000 2002 Sources: For 1990 – 2000, UIS estimates, 2004. For 2002 -2007, UIS estimates, September 2009. 2007 www.uis.unesco.org A breakdown of R&D investment in the Americas. GERD by sector of performance, 2009 or latest available year Business enterprise Government Private non-profit Unknown Higher education 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Source: UIS, July 2011 Note: -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007, -5 = 2004, -7 = 2002. El Salvador-2 Guatemala-1 Paraguay-1 Panama Trinidad and Tobago-1 Ecuador-1 Uruguay-1 Colombia Bolivia-7 Argentina-1 Peru-5 Costa Rica-1 Brazil-5 Chile-5 Mexico-2 Canada United States-1 0% www.uis.unesco.org Luxembourg Switzerland-1 Finland+1 Austria Sweden Germany Belgium Denmark Ireland Slovenia Malta Russian Fed. United Kingdom+1 France Czech Rep. Hungary Ukraine Iceland-1 Norway Belarus Spain Italy Netherlands Portugal Estonia Slovakia Croatia Romania Turkey Latvia Bulgaria Macedonia (FYR)-1 Poland Greece-2 Lithuania Cyprus Serbia Rep. of Moldova Montenegro-2 Albania-1 Bosnia & Herzegovina-2 A breakdown of R&D investment in Europe. GERD by sector of performance, 2009 or latest available year 100% Business enterprise Source: UIS, July 2011 Government Higher education Private non-profit Note: +1 = 2010, -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007. Unknown 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% www.uis.unesco.org Source: UIS, July 2011 Government Higher education Private non-profit Note: -1 = 2008, -2 = 2007, -3 = 2006, -4 = 2005, -5 = 2004, -7 =www.uis.unesco.org 2002, -8 = 2001. Australia-1 New Zealand-2 Business enterprise Malaysia-3 Israel Japan-1 Rep. of Korea-1 China-1 Singapore-1 Philippines-2 Thailand-2 Hong Kong, China Lao PDR-7 India-2 Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Azerbaijan Sri Lanka-1 Viet Nam-7 Indonesia-8 Cambodia-7 Iran-1 Mongolia Macao, China Brunei-5 Armenia Tajikistan Pakistan Georgia-4 South Africa-2 Sudan-4 Morocco-3 Tunisia Botswana-4 Kenya-2 Uganda Ghana-2 Mali-2 Zambia-1 Senegal-1 Burkina Faso-2 Seychelles-4 Mozambique-2 Ethiopia-2 Tanzania-2 Nigeria-2 Madagascar Lesotho A breakdown of R&D investment in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. GERD by sector of performance, 2009 or latest available year 100% Unknown 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1.2 Innovation Statistics: Why? Medium-term objective of the International Review of S&T Statistics & Indicators 2002-03; May provide information on the business sector in developing countries that R&D statistics won’t supply; Many developing countries recently starting to carry out innovation surveys; UIS has a natural coordinating role as UN lead agency on STI statistics. www.uis.unesco.org The UIS strategy on Innovation Statistics Inventory of innovation surveys in developing countries; Pilot data collection (around 20 countries in June 2011); 2013: Regular data collection every two years; Online worldwide database; Analysis and publications; Capacity building and training activities; Methodological developments and survey help; In partnership with international and regional organisations (ASEAN, AU/NEPAD, Eurostat, OECD, RICYT, …). www.uis.unesco.org 2. Capacity building: STI statistics workshops Increase the number of countries regularly producing quality S&T indicators. Create local capacities and establish sustainable local S&T statistics systems. Promote the use of S&T indicators for evidence-based S&T policy making. Share experiences with other developing countries and address problems. Gain knowledge about the particular characteristics of S&T statistics data. Demonstrate good practices in other countries of the region. www.uis.unesco.org UIS STI Statistics workshops 2005: Uganda, India 2006: Indonesia, Senegal, Kazakhstan 2007: Tunisia, FYR of Macedonia, Jordan, Russia, Cameroon 2008: Oman, Cambodia, Botswana 2009: Kenya, Egypt 2010: Mali, Syria, Jordan*, Uzbekistan, Ethiopia*, Nepal 2011: Grenada, Gabon, Azerbaijan*, Vietnam But also contributing to similar workshops of partner organisations (e.g. RICYT, NEPAD, other partner orgs) www.uis.unesco.org Countries that have participated in UNESCO S&T statistics workshops 2005-2011 Countries and territories covered Countries and territories not yet covered Countries and territories not targeted www.uis.unesco.org Results of workshops Increased response rate – non-responding countries learn how to do it from UIS and neighbours. Immediate problems solved. Increased data quality – improved understanding of application of international standards. Face to face contacts = more effective networking. Inputs to UIS programme development. www.uis.unesco.org 3. Standard setting/methodological developments Measuring R&D in Developing Countries: Technical Guide and Annex to the Frascati Manual (2010) Measuring Innovation in Developing countries: Annex to the Oslo Manual (2005) Careers of Doctoral Holders – CDH (since 2004) www.uis.unesco.org Measuring R&D in Developing Countries: Annex to the Frascati Manual (2010 / 2011) UIS TP5: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Library/Documents/tech%205-eng.pdf FM Annex: http://www.oecd.org/science/innovationinsciencetechnologyandindustry/49793555.pdf www.uis.unesco.org Measuring R&D in Developing Countries cont. Objectives are to provide: • Guidance to developing countries on how to adapt the FM standards • Recommendations for specific situations that fall outside FM framework • Suggestions on how to strengthen S&T statistical system in developing countries Stay within boundaries of Frascati Manual (FM) Some of the measurement challenges may be considered for a future revision of the FM www.uis.unesco.org Measuring Innovation in Developing Countries: Annex to the Oslo Manual (2005) After the publication of the 2nd Oslo Manual, also developing countries started conducting innovation surveys. The design of the surveys was intended to comply with Oslo Manual standards, with adaptations for capturing the particular characteristics of innovation processes. Adaptations were prepared by each country separately and with different approaches. Bogotá Manual published by RICYT (Ibero American Network on S&T Indicators) first effort to compile particularities and guide the design of cross-nationally comparable innovation surveys. Oslo Manual 3rd edition: UIS drafted the annex on Innovation surveys in developing countries. http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/9205111E.PDF (page 135) www.uis.unesco.org The careers of doctorate holders survey (CDH) A joint project with the OECD and Eurostat. Methodology developed “from scratch”. Aimed both at developed and developing countries. With participation from experts from both developed and developing countries. Promoting the methodology by encouraging developing countries to conduct such surveys and produce cross-nationally comparable statistics on careers of doctorate holders. www.uis.unesco.org Relevance of the CDH project Focus on the crucial role of highly qualified individuals who represent a key to the production, application and transmission of knowledge. Statistics on the global trends in human resources for Science and Technology (HRST) very weak. Quality and comparability of international data on migration is particularly weak. Diversity of data collection methods hinders international comparability, and does not provide information on career paths and mobility patterns. www.uis.unesco.org Objectives of CDH Objectives: To design an internationally comparable tool for tracking the careers of doctorates holders and highly qualified people in different countries. To collect and exchange information on the career paths of holders of doctorates from existing data sources and the new survey tool. www.uis.unesco.org CDH modules Doctoral Education (EDU) Early Career Research positions (ECR) Employment situation (EMP) International mobility (MOB) Career-related experience (CAR) Personal characteristics (PER) www.uis.unesco.org CDH toolkit Components: Model questionnaire and Instruction Manual Output tables and variables definitions Methodological guidelines Bridge table model questionnaire - output tables See: http://www.uis.unesco.org/ev.php?URL_ID=5219& URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201 and www.oecd.org/sti/cdh www.uis.unesco.org Current / Future methodological work Reviewing the concepts on Science and Technology Activities (STA): 2011-2013 Guide for the conduct of an R&D Surveys in Developing Countries: 2012-2013 Guide to Innovation Surveys in Developing Countries: 201? www.uis.unesco.org 4. Some publications Data publicly available at: http://www.uis.unesco.org (http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/R eportFolders.aspx?IF_ActivePath=P,54&IF_Langua ge=eng) UIS Fact Sheets UNESCO Science Report 2010 International Report on Science, Technology and Gender 2007 R&D eAtlas: http://www.uis.unesco.org/data/atlasresearch-development/en www.uis.unesco.org Collaborations / Partnerships UNESCO HQs UNESCO offices worldwide World Bank OECD Eurostat AU-NEPAD RICYT (Latin America) ALECSO Arab Academy of Science ADB ISESCO ATPS Inter-Academy Council ISDB INRS (Quebec, Canada) EU-Medibtikar ASEAN Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI), Austria IDRC (Canada) IRD (France) ECO www.uis.unesco.org Way forward There is still a lot to do! UIS needs to keep direct contact with statisticians: Quality and relevance. Countries to establish sustainable S&T statistics systems, involving line ministries (S&T Ministries or Research Councils) and National Statistical Offices. Looking forward to further cooperation. www.uis.unesco.org Thank you! http://www.uis.unesco.org m.schaaper@unesco.org www.uis.unesco.org