Risk Management Services
Have you been SET-UP?
A brief discussion on
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA)
Identify
Hazards/Risks
Determine
Control Plan
JHA
Monitor/
Supervise/
Evaluate
December 2011
Implement
Controls
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Objectives
 Discuss the basic elements of job hazard analysis
 Identify typical hazards in the workplace
 Review various techniques that can be used to
identify hazards in the workplace
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Job Hazard Analysis
 A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses
on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before
they occur.
 It focuses on the relationship between the worker,
the task, the tools, and the work environment.
 After uncontrolled hazards are identified,
Preventive action/controls are put in place to
eliminate or reduce risk.
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Why conduct a job hazard analysis?
A job hazard analysis can prevent work-related
death, injuries or illnesses by eliminating or
controlling identified hazards.
It is a means to ensure that workers have the
training, equipment and supplies to do their jobs
safely.
It will help you in developing your accident
prevention program (APP), an L & I safety
requirement for all employers.
Note: The general method can be used in other loss prevention efforts
such as environmental pollution prevention or fire protection.
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Hazard Awareness - Accepting a risk or hazard is not
the same as eliminating or controlling it.
When conducting a job hazard analysis, you
may need to take a fresh look at the way
things are done at your workplace.
Even though you may hear “we’ve been
doing it that way for 20 years and nothing
happened”, it doesn’t mean a hazard
doesn’t exist.
You should take a comprehensive look at
all possible hazards with an open mind.
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Job Hazard Analysis
 Performing a job hazard analysis is one of the
best methods to develop safe work procedures
for the equipment that is operated.
 The JHA can also be used to train employees in
the hazards associated with task and what
control measures should be practiced.
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JHA Team
 A Job Hazard Analysis requires the cooperation
of all parties involved that includes:
 Supervisors - Frontline Personnel responsible for
making change
 Employee - Person/Crew most familiar with job
 Safety Professional
 Engineers - Technical Advisor
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Prioritization of JHA
 Jobs with the highest injury and illness rates
 Jobs that have the potential to cause serious
injury
 Jobs in which one simple human error could
cause injury
 Jobs complex enough to have written
instructions
 Jobs that are new to your facility
 Jobs that significantly had changes in
process technology or procedures
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How do I conduct a JHA?
• Identify the job or task to be analyzed.
• Break the job or task into key components.
• Identify the hazards found in each key component.
• Identify ways to eliminate or control these hazards.
• Eliminate the hazard or install controls.
• Keep a record of the hazards identified and steps
taken to eliminate or control them.
• Periodically assess controls to ensure they are
working correctly.
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Steps for JHA





Involve employees
Review accident history
Conduct preliminary job review
List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs
Outline the steps or tasks
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Involvement of Employees
 They have a unique understanding of the job; this
knowledge is invaluable for finding hazards.
 Involving employees will help minimize oversights
and ensure a quality analysis.
 Workers must be a part of the process; they are
the ones that benefit directly.
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Outline the Steps
 Watch the employee perform the job and list each step
as the worker takes it.
 Be sure to record enough information to describe
each job action without getting overly detailed.
 Avoid making the breakdown of steps so detailed that
it becomes unnecessarily long or so broad that it does
not include basic steps.
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Breaking job into key components – example changing a light bulb
Too Much Detail
•Get ladder from storage.
•Get new light bulb from storage.
•Carry ladder and light bulb to light
that needs changing.
•Place ladder under light to be
changed.
•Ensure light switch is in the off
position.
•Climb ladder.
•Remove light cover.
•Twist light bulb in a counter clock-wise
direction until it is free of the socket.
•Remove old light bulb.
•Insert new light bulb into socket.
•Turn in a clock-wise direction until
tightened.
•Replace light cover.
•Descend ladder.
•Carry ladder back to storage.
Too Little Detail
Right Amount of Detail
•Get a ladder and new
light bulb.
•Get ladder and new light
bulb.
•Change bulb.
•Turn light switch off
•Put ladder away and
•Place ladder under light
throw out old light bulb. to be changed.
•Using ladder, change
bulb.
•Put ladder back in
storage.
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Outline the Steps
 Review the job steps with the employee to make
sure you have not omitted anything.
 Include the employee in all phases of the
analysis—from reviewing the job steps and
procedures to discussing uncontrolled hazards
and recommended solutions.
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Identifying the Hazards
 A job hazard analysis is an exercise in detective
work. Your goal is to discover the following:





What can go wrong?
What are the consequences?
How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
How could it arise?
What are other contributing factors?
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Common Hazards in the Workplace
Stressor
Hazard
Type
Hazard
Type
Hazard
Type
Chemical
Corrosive
Fire
Explosion
Toxic
Electrical
Shock
Short Circuit Fire-Static
Mechanical
Moving
Parts
Failure
Ergonomic
Strain
Human Error Fatigue
Noise
Pressure
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Common Hazards in the Workplace
Stressor
Hazard Type Hazard
Type
Hazard
Type
Radiation
Ionizing
Non
Ionizing
Contact
Struck By
Struck
Against
Caught In
Environment
Temperature
Visibility
Weather
Miscellaneous
Slips
Trips
Falls
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Hierarchy of Hazard Controls
1. Elimination of Hazard - Remove or reduce
2. Substitution of less hazardous material or reduce energy - lower
speed, force, amperage, pressure, temperature, and noise.
3. Engineering Controls
4. Warnings
5. Administrative Controls & Procedures - Remove or reduce the exposure
6. Personal protective equipment (PPE) - Put up a barrier
INTERIM MEASURES
Should also be taken if the risk cannot be engineered or managed right away.
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Handout p. 26
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Controlling the Hazards
 The most effective controls are engineering controls
that physically change a machine or work environment
to prevent employee exposure to the hazard.
 The more reliable or less likely a hazard control can be
circumvented, the better.
 If this is not feasible, administrative controls may be
appropriate.
 This may involve changing how employees do their
jobs.
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Engineering Controls
 Engineering controls include the following:
 Elimination/minimization of the hazard
 Substitution of equipment or process to decrease hazard
 Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machine guards,
blast shields, or other means; and
 Removal or redirection of the hazard such as with local
and exhaust ventilation.
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Administrative Controls
 Administrative controls include the
following:
 Written operating procedures, work
permits, and safe work practices;
 Exposure time limitations (used most
commonly to control heat stress and
ergonomic hazards);
 Monitoring the use of highly hazardous
materials;
 Alarms, signs, and warnings;
 Buddy system; and
 Training
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PPE
 Personal Protective Equipment is acceptable as a
control method in the following circumstances:
 When engineering controls are not feasible or do not
totally eliminate the hazard;
 While engineering controls are being developed;
 When safe work practices do not provide sufficient
additional protection; and
 During emergencies when engineering controls may not
be feasible.
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JHA Exercise
 We are going to change
a tire.
 Based on the steps,
please identify the
hazards and controls.
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Task
Hazard
Controls
Stabilize vehicle
Remove Hubcap/loosen nuts
Place jack and raise car
Remove nuts & wheel
Lift spare, mount, put on nuts,
snug down nuts
Lower car & tighten, store flat
and store equipment.
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Job Hazard Analysis
Date of analysis: _____________________
Example form
People who participated:
_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Job or task where injuries occur or can occur
How people get hurt
What causes them to
get hurt?
What safe practices or
PPE are needed?
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Summary
Workplace Hazard Analysis consists of:
- Change analysis
- JHA
- Workplace inspections
- Hazard Reporting
- Trend Analysis
Identify
Hazards/Risks
Determine
Control Plan
JHA
Effective programs will result in the
identification of potential and control
of hazards.
December 2011
Monitor/
Supervise/
Evaluate
Implement
Controls
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Risk Management Services
Additional references on JHAs
Federal OSHA - Job Hazard Analysis:
http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.html
Oregon OSHA – Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA):
http://www.cbs.state.or.us/osha/pdf/workshops/103w.pdf
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