Mengapa Video Conference ?
April 2012
Wihnanto Nugroho
1
Agenda Training
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Pengenalan
Network
H323 Gatekeeper dan SIP Proxy
MCU
Break
Streaming dan Archiement
H.323 Endpoints
Kodisi Ruangan dan Lingkungan
Video Conference Etika
Kebiasaan saat Video Conference
Penggunaan di Pemerintahan dan Departemen
Kuis dan Tanya Jawab
Pengenalan
3
Sesi Apa dan Bagaimana ?
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Sesi ini adalah hanya sebagai masukan dari
Anda tentang pengalaman dan pertanyaan
apapun
Tidak ada pertanyaan yang salah ataupun
memalukan !
Apakah Video Conference ?


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A real-time data video, pertukaran informasi
dua atau lebih secara geografis lokasi
menggunakan data audio, video dan aplikasi
video.
Ini bukan web conferencing, video chat,
casting web, atau streaming
Perbedaan Teknologi

Standards-based:
–
–
–
–
H.320: videoconferencing dengan media ISDN
lines
H.321: videoconferencing media ADSL
H.323: videoconferencing dengan media
kompresi packet-based IP
SIP: multimedia multicast transmissions via IP

6
Saat ini digunakan lebih dalam Voice over transmisi IP,
tetapi perlahan-lahan bergerak ke dalam dunia
videoconference
Perbedaan Teknologi

Not Standards-based:
–
–
–
-

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Access Grid (AG)
Virtual Room VideoConferencing System (VRVS)
DVTS
SCCP
TIP
Beberapa teknologi telah membuat atau
menciptakan interoperabilitas dengan H.323
Conferencing vs. Broadcasting
Conferencing
 Live Video
 Seperti panggilan
telepon
 Two-way / dua arah
 Memanggil dan
memutuskan panggilan
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Broadcasting
 Live atau on demand
 Serti Televisi, ada
Channel
 One-way / searah
 Tune-in atau URL
 Streaming
 Webcasting
Standards


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International Telecommunications Union (
ITU ) melakukan ratifikasi dan standarisasi
dalam berkomunikasi dan membuat
kesinambungan antar teknologi seperti;
H323
Berbagai macam pihak dan vendor
melakukan kajian standarisasi dan
dimengikuti panduan bagaimana
mengembangkan teknologi tersebut.
H.320 ISDN vs. H.323 IP
H.320 ISDN
 Harus terhubung ke
PSTN
 Biaya yang besar untuk
setiap line
 Sambungan berbayar
 Tidak semua Provider
menyediakan layanan
ini dan tidak semua
tempat
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H.323 IP
 Dengan media IP baik
Internet atau VPN
 Fix cost dari biaya ISP
 Mudah untuk di
aplikasikan dan mudah
untuk di maanfaatkan
dengan jalur data
H.323 Standard

H.323 adalah acuan stadarisasi untuk
pengelompokan dan pengaturan teknologi
–
Audio

–
Video

–
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H.264, H.263, H.261
Data

–
G.711, G.722, G.722.1, G.723.1, G.728, G.729
H.239, T.120
Tambahan : Call Control, Directories, Transversal
Call
Jenis Video Algorithms

H.261 adalah protokol standar paling lama di
gunakan
–

H.263 adalah protokol dikembangan untuk
koneksi video via line telephone
–

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Aloritma paling lama dari tahun 1990 dan
biasanya di gunakan ISDN/ H.320
Dimulia tahun 1995 dan dikembangkan untuk
video asymetris
H.264 dikenal dengan MPEG-4
–
Dimulai dari pengembangan broadcast awal 2003
Bagaimana ini menjadi penting ?
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Setiap algoritma codec video memberikan
pengembangan yang lebih baik dari pengolahan
kompresi dan dan kualitas
Setiap codec baru memberikan kualitas video yang
lebih baik pada kecepatan rendah, Ini berarti bahwa
768 kbps panggilan menggunakan video H.261
tampak sebagai baik sebagai 384 kbps panggilan
menggunakan video H.264
Hal ini dapat membuat tampilan berbasis satelit
konferensi video sama baiknya dengan teresterial (
FO atau Radio )
Video Tambahan H.239
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H.239 adalah standar protocol untuk
melakukan pengiriman 2 source video yang
berbeda “duo-video” atau “people+content”
Memungkinkan gambar VGA di transmisikan
melalui videoconference dengan resolusi
1024x768
Komponen Unit Sistem H.323

Network
–
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H323 Gatekeepers dan SIP Proxy
–

Pengendali dan pengaturan sinyal perangkat
endpoint H.323
Multipoint Control Units (MCU)
–
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backbone dari panggilan H.323
Perangkat network yang memungkinkan
melakukan sesi video secara bersamaan
Komponen Unit Sistem H.323

Terminals/Endpoints
–

Streaming dan Archiement
–
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Perangkat H.323 Video Conference
Pengembangan untuk media satu arah konten
gambar dan suara
Network
dan Bandwith
Backbone Quality for
Successfull Conferencing
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Pengkabelan dan Akses Kabel
Ethernet switch
horizontal wiring
datajack
station cable
device
iMac
3rd floor
 Biasanya menggunakan kabel unshielded twisted-pair
(UTP) :
• CAT 3 [old] supports 10 Mbps Ethernet (10base-T)
• CAT 5 [modern] supports 10base-T, 100 Mbps (100baseTX) and 5e supports 1000 Mbps (1000base-T) Ethernet
• CAT 6 [new] supports CAT 5 applications +
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Pengkabelan dan Akses Kabel


Kualitas dan penggunaan berpengaruh
terhadap transmisi– pastikan kebutuhan kabel
UTP anda!
Penting untuk memperhatikan
Jangan menggunakan kabel sub-CAT 5 untuk
kecepatan diatas 100 Mbps
• Silver Satin CAT 5 untuk Telephone bukan Video.
•
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Ethernet LAN
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Bandwidths di LAN adalah 10 / 100 / 1000 Mbps
Full- dan Half-Duplex
– Half-duplex: mengirimkan dan menerima pada pair jalur
yang sama, peralatan hanya dapat mengirim atau
menerima pada satu waktu, dan harus mempehatikan
coalision dan paket-paket dari perangkat lain.
– Full-duplex: mengirimkan dan menerima pada pair jalur
yang sama, peralatan hanya dapat mengirim atau
menerima pada waktu yang berbeda , peralatan dapat
mengirim dan menerima secara simultan dan tidak perlu
memperhatikan paket data.
Ethernet LAN
– full-duplex
is not consistently implemented on old 10
Mbps Ethernet equipment – test before your conference
to be sure it works.
– 100 Mbps supports half- and full-duplex.
– Modern devicescan auto-sense speed and duplex.
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LAN: Switches vs. Hubs
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Hubs (repeaters) sifatnya hanya memperkuat
sinyal.
Repeater mengirimkan (mengulangi) paket
yang datang pada satu port ke port lain.
coalision terjadi, dan sehingga hanya dapat
beroperasi dalam modus half-duplex.
Bandwidth dibagi di antara semua perangkat
dan coalision transmisi menyebabkan jitter.
LAN: Switches vs. Hubs
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Switch adalah perangkat yang berdasarkan
pengalamatan yang terhubung, dan mengirimkan
paket secara langsung dan hanya untuk target titik
akhir.
Karena hanya 2 endpoint dapat berbicara (tidak ada
colaision), mereka berdua bisa berbicara pada waktu
yang sama (full duplex).
Menyediakan bandwidth yang lebih konsisten dan
latency (jitter rendah).
Switch lebih diutamakan untuk videoconference
LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex
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Salah satu penyebab paling umum dari
masalah performa pada link Ethernet
10/100Mb adalah ketika satu port pada link
beroperasi pada half-duplex sedangkan port
lainnya beroperasi pada full-duplex.
LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex
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Jika salah satu ujung sambungan diatur untuk
auto-negosiasi dan gagal melihat autonegosiasi di ujung lain, standar mengharuskan
akhir otomatis bernegosiasi mengatur dirinya
sendiri ke default half-duplex. Jika perangkat
lain ditetapkan untuk full duplex, kualitas video
akan turun
LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex
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Yakinkan untuk sistem Video Conference memiliki
ketidakteraturan yang memungkinkan r memilih
kecepatan full dan half- duplex menjadi AUTO,
Pastikan Anda memiliki kecepatan ethernet saat ini
yakni 100m atau 1000m.
LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex
SETTINGS
switch
device
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auto
half
full
auto
half
full
auto
full
full
auto
auto
half
half
auto
RESULTS
switch
device
BAD!
BAD!
auto
half
full
auto
half
full
half
full
full
half
half
half
half
half
LAN: Kesalahan Ethernet Duplex

Rekomendasi:
– Jangan
menggunakan HUB untuk system
videoconferencing.
– Jika kabel dalam gedung adalah CAT 5 atau
lebih baik, maka port switch mengatur dan
perangkat untuk 100/full, kecepatan ini lebih
didukung oleh switch dan perangkat.
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Router
 Menyediakan
sambungan ke
WAN atau Internet.
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WAN Segments
Service
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Speed
Sample Uses
T1
1.5 Mbps remote building; extension center
DS3
45 Mbps inter-city ; Internet (I1) connection
OC3
155 Mbps inter-city ; I1 & Internet2 connection
OC12
622 Mbps I1 backbones; Internet2 connection
OC 48
2.4 Gbps I1 and Internet2 backbones
1&10
Gigabit
advanced inter-city connections
1 or 10 Gbps utilizing FO
Internet2 Global Indonesia Backbone
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Transportasi Data di Network
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Tipe transport protocol:
– IP
 TCP
 UDP
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Transportasi Data di Network
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Unicast : one-to-one
Multicast: one-to-many
Broadcast: one-to-every
Unicast
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Transport data pada umumnya
Aplikasi umum: mail, web browsing,
file transfer, etc.
IP Multicast


Trasnmisi one to many
Contoh aplikasi :
– Streaming
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Hati-hati: tingginya tingkat tranport multicast
dapat mempengaruhi kinerja konferensi video.
Broadcast
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Sistem transport on to every
Digunakan oleh protokol jaringan termasuk ARP,
NetBIOS, dan DNS.
Semua perangkat pada jaringan harus memproses
setiap paket siaran; tingkat tinggi siaran dapat
mengalihkan kapasitas pengolahan.
Jika domain broadcast yang terlalu besar atau luar
biasa aktif, aktivitas yang dibutuhkan pada titik akhir
untuk menangani siaran bisa mengurangi kinerja.
Multicast and Unicast Video Broadcasting
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Firewalls
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Firewall adalah sistem node jaringan yang bertindak
untuk melakukan pengamanan dan kebijakan kontrol
akses antara dua jaringan, misalnya, antara intranet
departemen dan Internet l.
Digunakan untuk mengamankan sumber daya TI
terhadap serangan eksternal dan pembobolan.
Lapisan jaringan firewall biasanya membuat
keputusan mereka berdasarkan nomor port dan
sumber / tujuan alamat.
Aplikasi-lapisan firewall bertindak sebagai proxy.
Firewalls

H.323 menggunakan ports IP:
– Statis
- assigned port TCP 1719 - 1720 dan 1731
untuk call setup dan call kontrol.
– Dynamically-assigned port UDP di range 1024 –
65535 untuk data video dan audio.
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Firewall tidak mengizinkan port tidak dibatasi.
Firewalls – Solutions untuk H.323
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Biarkan port yang tidak terbatas untuk range port
tertentu, yang dikenal seperti HTTP, SMTP, POP,
harus di filter dari eksternal IP alamat.
Gunakan fitur dari beberapa klien videoconference
untuk membatasi port dinamis untuk port yang lebih
spesifik.[OK, tapi pekerjaan admin tambahan]
Gunakan proxy aplikasi H.323.[Solusi Terbaik]
Gunakan firewall yang bisa membukan port pada
panggilan H.323, set port statis untuk sinyal dan
kontrol dan membuka port untuk audio / video (port
dinamis) sesuai kebutuhan.
NAT (Network Address Translation)


Memungkinkan beberapa berbasis IP di LAN dan
berada di belakang NAT untuk berbagi satu alamat IP
jaringan eksternal.
Kegunaan:
•
•
•
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Mengurangi kekurangan alamat IP
Keamanan - mengaburkan pandangan jaringan dari luar /
internet
Fleksibel administrasi jaringan
NAT (Network Address Translation)
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Adminstrator jaringan akan kesulitan menggunakan
H.323 di belakang NAT.
Beberapa unit videoconferencing terminals
menyediakan fitur mendukung translate NAT.
Pilih terminal yang mendukung fitur Firewall / NAT
traversal sebagai solusi untuk perangkat
Solusi untuk NAT
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Pilih Terminal memiliki Firewall / NAT
traversal solusi dibangun untuk perangkat
mereka, meskipun ini adalah proprietary
vendor tertentu solusi
Fitur “Fix Port" hanya bekerja pada point-topoint call bisa di jadikan alternatif.
H.460.17, 18, 19 adalah berbasis standar
solusi yang disahkan ITU menjadi H.323
untuk memudahkan akses via Firewall dan
NAT Traversal
H.460.17/18/19 Firewall Traversal

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44
Bekerja dengan mebuat pin-holes pada jalur
Firewall dan seolah olah H323 video call bisa
menembus firewall anda baik untuk masuk
dan keluar ke Internet
Menggunakan port range tertentu yang
bekerja secara dinamis
Latency
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Latency adalah waktu yang diperlukan untuk paket
yang melintasi jaringan dari sumber ke tujuan.
Komponen yang bagian dari latency :
– Propagasi delay: waktu yang diperlukan untuk
melintasi jarak dari garis transmisi.
Latency

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Transmisi delay: waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk
sumber untuk menempatkan sebuah paket pada
jaringan. Aturan untuk perangkat jaringan umum:
<1ms.
Untuk H.323 ini termasuk waktu untuk encode /
decode video
Store-and-forward delay: panjang kumulatif dari
waktu yang diperlukan perangkat internetworking
sepanjang jalan untuk menerima, mengolah, dan
mengirim ulang paket, variabel, dan tergantung pada
beban jaringan.
Latency

Delay satu arah dari:

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0-150 ms menyediakan interaktivitas yang sangat baik
150-300 ms OK
300 - 400 ms adalah buruk
Lebih 400 ms tidak dapat diterima
Delay satelit dalam kisaran “up 700 ms", tapi Anda akan
menemukan bahwa Anda terbiasa dengan delay dengan
teknologi lipsycn ( singkronisasi gerak dan suara )
Jitter
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Jitter adalah variasi dalam latency dari waktu
ke waktu.
Jika titik akhir berada di switched LAN, maka
sumber utama jitter adalah variasi dalam
waktu pengiriman data, yang dihasilkan dari
beban jaringan.
Media tranport jaringan dipengaruhi oleh
tingginya tingkat jitter. Jika sebuah paket tiba
terlambat, maka akan dibuang tanpa
digunakan.
Jitter
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Perangkat konferensi video dapat menempatkan
paket dalam buffer dan membaca mereka keluar
dengan waktu yang tepat, tapi penyangga
menambahkan latensi untuk konferensi.
Sebagai contoh, Perangkat Video Conference dapat
memperbaiki sampai sekitar 75 ms jitter. Di atas itu,
paket-paket akan tiba terlambat terlalu digunakan.
Packet Loss
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Packet loss biasanya karena link padat dan
coalisi di router.
–
1% paling bisa diterima
–
5% menjadi patokan untuk toleransi
–
>5% tidak dapat menghasilkan frame
gambar yang bagus dan penurunan
kualitas
QoS (Quality of Service)



Sebuah metode pemberian beberapa paket
prioritas yang lebih tinggi daripada yang lain.
Berguna di lebih dimanfaatkan intranet - link
WAN.
Perhatian!
Konfigurasi pada router yang salah bisa mengakibatkan
penurunan kulitas traffic data dan video, misalnya, packet loss
meningkatkan jitter , dan data melambat tetapi video conference
kulitasnya masih kurang.
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QoS (Quality of Service)

Caranya:
Beberapa terminal konferensi video dapat mengatur
bit IP precedence. Gunakan bahwa untuk menandai
dan antrian prioritas pada WAN.

Atau:
Gunakan Proxy H.323 untuk konsolidasi lalu lintas ke
sebuah alamat, router daftar akses untuk menandai,
dan antrian prioritas pada WAN.
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Indentifikasi Problem

Scenario
– Terdapat
2 cabang departemen dan kantor dimana
kulitas video conference sangat buruk
– Setiap user didukung oleh kelompok yang berbeda
dari insinyur videoconference.
– Setiap departemen didukung oleh kelompok yang
berbeda dari admin jaringan.
53
Indentifikasi Problem

Problem
– Bagaimana
pengguna mendapatkan tepat waktu,
dan kualitas video yang diterima?
– Bagaimana penyelesaian masalah jaringan
terkoordinasi?
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Indentifikasi Problem
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Hambatan
Bagian, jadwal, dan prioritas yang tidak memiliki
komuniaksi.
Tidak ada satu engineer memiliki pemahaman yang
lengkap dari seluruh jaringan jalan.
Tidak ada engineer atau admin jaringan yang bisa
mendapatkan akses ke semua node jaringan (router,
switch) sepanjang jalan untuk memeriksa masalah.
Solusi Problem

Solutions
Menjelaskan semua akar masalah untuk jaringan dan video
conference di semua departemen.
– Menetapkan komunikasi yang handal, dan memaksimalkan
pemanfaatan alat.
– Mengadakan pertemuan teratur; membawa semua admin
jaringan dan admin video conference bersama di satu tempat
dan waktu untuk berbagi informasi.
– Memiliki dokumentasi jaringan yang baik untuk semua
jaringan.
– Latih dan gunakan admin video conference dalam untuk
memahami masalah jaringan dan alat
–
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H323 Gatekeeper dan SIP Proxy
Bringing control to your
multimedia traffic
57
What is a gatekeeper?

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58
Physically it is a server that can be located
anywhere on the network
Functionally very similar to a DNS server that
does Address lookup
Adds some control functionality
Creates an “H.323 zone”
H.323 Zone
Definition
–A
single gatekeeper and all of the end points
(clients, MCUs, and gateways) that register with
the gatekeeper.

Typically is a community
– E.g.
59
University or organization
Gatekeepers Provide:
Admission
Control
Call Authorization
Address Translations
Bandwidth Management
Zone Management
Call Signal Routing
Management Functions
60
Typical Gatekeeper Components
Gatekeeper
Core Functionality
Web Server Management
SNMP Services
61
Basic Operation
Endpoints
– This
register with gatekeeper
is a one time administrative task
Endpoint
asks gatekeeper for permission to
place call to another endpoint
Endpoint signals call with other endpoint
Endpoints exchange media directly
Endpoints disconnect, notify gatekeeper
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Technical Description

Uses TCP port 1720, UDP Port 1719, 1718
–
–
–

Deals with H.225, H.245, Q.931
–
–
63
1720 for Q.931 call control
1719 H.225 Registration, Admission, and Status
messages (RAS)
1718 GK discovery
H.225: RAS as above but also call control and call
setup messages
H.245: Media control and Transport signaling
Gatekeeper Functionality


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Services:
– Setup for point-to-point calls
– Provides access to multipoint conferences
and gateways
Neighbor Gatekeepers:
– Provides inter-zone communication
Network Topology:
– Allow administrator to employ traffic
shaping
Gatekeeper Functionality

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65
Endpoints:
– Live list of registered users
Call Control:
– Live list of active calls
– Handy when you consider doing upgrades
Client Authorization
Open
Gatekeepers
– anyone
can register
Predefined
Endpoints
LDAP Authenticated Endpoints
66
Configuration Considerations

Neighbors
–
–

Choose a registration mode
–

Open, predefined, authenticated
Choose a routing mode
–
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Can neighbor with everyone individually
Join a dialing plan
Direct, Call Setup, Call Setup and Call Control
(negotiation)
Gatekeeper to Gatekeeper
Communication
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68
Like with telephones, it is possible to “call
out” of your local system if your system is
connected to the “outside world”
Initialy we used neighbor tables and
individual exit codes for each gatekeeper that
we had defined in our gatekeepers
As more and more organizations installed
gatekeepers, neighbor tables became larger
and more difficult to manage
Gatekeeper to Gatekeeper
Communication
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Then the Trans European
Research and Education
Networking Association
(TERENA) came up with a
plan to use a hierarchy of
gatekeepers
Zone prefixes and extension
numbers are defined by the
national managing agent usually the
National Research Network
(NRN) in that country
ViDe also joined in the
adoption of this plan
E164 Space

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70
Based upon the ITU-T e.164 telephone number
assigned to the current subscriber of a range of
telephone numbers
For example, if a university held +1.919.226.6100
through +1.919.226.6199, then that university would
be eligible for the GDS prefix 00191922661. That
university could assign the remaining two digits to
endpoints 00-99
Aside from maintaining direct inward dial (DID)
capability for endpoints, there is no reason to limit
endpoint numbering to two digits
SIP Proxy
Getting two different
technologies to talk to
each other
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SIP Proxy

Take one technology and make it work with
another
–
–
72
SIP to IP (SIP to H.323)
Any combination of the above technologies
SIP Proxy

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73
Standalone box
Special card for blade-style H323
Gatekeeper dan SIP Proxy
Build it yourself
Dual function endpoint
Stand Alone SIP Proxy

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74
Typically a rack mount box with inputs for
different types of lines (ATM, E1, IP)
Web interface for administration
SIP Proxy
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The addition of SIP to the framework for the future of enterprise
video conferencing
– Leveraging existing IETF open standards
– Ensuring higher levels of interoperability with third parties
– Maintaining a sophisticated feature set that is consistent
and compatible with today’s H.323 video solution
Highlights include:
 H.323-SIP inter-working, with a common subset of telephony
features
 Call admission control and video enablement policies
 Bandwidth management
– Priority video callers
– Cumulative pools for audio and video
– Call rate negotiation
 Video Conferencing (scheduled and ad-hoc)
Multipoint Control Units (MCUs)
Bringing many together
at once
76
Multipoint Control Units:
Hardware vs Software

Hardware
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
77
Dedicated, real-time
operating system
Generally work well
RADVISION
Polycom
Tandberg
Codian
LifeSize

Software
•
•
Most based on Windows or
Unix OS on a server
Processor speed catching
up to make them more
reliable
MCU Control Functions
Defining a conference

–
–
–
–
–
Ongoing conference or scheduled
Connection Speed
Number of connections allowed
Voice Switched (VS) or
Continuous Presence (CP)
 Many
Operating a conference

–
78
different layouts
Dial In versus Dial Out
MCU Control Functions

Monitoring a conference
–
–

Monitoring an MCU
–

MCU Status reports
Cascading MCUs
–
79
Check to be sure it is fully attended
Mute unruly participants
MCUs calling MCUs for really big conferences
MCUs available in the market
 RADVISION ViaIP (Legacy?)
– Up to 100 ports at 384k VS
– Powerful, reliable; ECS Gatekeeper
– Gatekeeper required for dial in, but not dial out

Radvision Scopia
–
–
–

80
Chassis-based system or stand alone box
HD capabilities
Scopia Desktop
Tandberg
MCUs Available in the Market


Polycom MGC (used to be Accord)
Codian
–
–
81
MCU 4200 (SD)
MCU 4500 (HD)
RADVISION SCOPIA MCU




82
Newest MCU offerings from RADVISION
Blade-style technology in multiple chassis
form factors
The combination of blades in the system will
determine the capacity in standard and high
definition
Built in web server for configuration
Polycom MGC
3
Flavors, 25, 50 and 100
Capacity varies by configuration
Support for H.264
Can support ISDN, IP and ATM
Separate Software control
Priced by configuration
Built-in reservation capability
83
Tandberg MCU
16
users, 3 simultaneous conferences
Support for H.264
Embedded Encryption
Supports ISDN and IP
Embedded web server for control and configuration
Small 1U form factor, 19” Rack-mountable
84
Codian MCU 4200





6, 12, 20, 30 and 40 port Standard Definition
12, 20, 30, and 40 port High Definition
Embedded web server for control and configuration
Built-in streaming available for conferences
Direct IP-based dialing and Gatekeeper-based
dialing
–

85
For IP-based dialing you need to take Far end camera
control or use DTMF tones
Small 1U form factor, 19” Rack-mountable
HD MCUs




86
Radvision, Codian, Tandberg and Polycom
all have HD support on their MCUs
Some will require new hardware or software
to run HD
Definition of “HD” videoconferencing
depends on the manufacturer, usually 720p
with 30 fps (720p = 1280 x 720 pixels)
The Commons Polycom MCU is HD-capable
Commons MCU Testbed

Three MCUs are available for testing and
discussion http://commons.internet2.edu/testing
– RADVISION
viaIP
– Polycom MGC 100
– Codian 4240


87
The Commons will support remote or onsite (you
come to Ohio) testing
Useful for assisting in evaluations for your own
purchases
Streaming and Archival
Gabe Moulton
Delivering content to
those without H.323 or
for later review
88
Streaming


The one-way delivery of digital content from
a streaming server to a streaming client in a
continuous, paced, and controlled flow
Alleviates the need to download an entire
media clip as a file
–
–
89
Live events don’t exist as a file yet
Allows playing to start before download is
completed
Streaming a Videoconference


90
Streaming a videoconference makes it
possible for any number of people to view a
conference – either live or recorded for ondemand access
Viewers use desktop computers with
standard media players such as Real,
Windows Media, or QuickTime
What Can I Do With Streaming?

Key individuals participate by
videoconference
–


91
A larger audience views the live stream
Save the proceedings of a meeting
Make a class or lecture available on-demand
for later student review
How to Stream a Videoconference



92
All-in-one solutions
Videoconferencing endpoints with built-in
H.26x/G.7xx multicast streaming
Combination of videoconferencing terminal
and standard streaming encoder
All-In-One Box
Can
exist anywhere on the network
Repackage the H.323 content into a stream
that can be interpreted by QT, Real, or WMP
DO NOT optimize for streaming
Examples:
– STARBAK
VCG
– Virtual Rooms Videoconference Service (VRVS)
– Codian MCU or IPVCR—has H.239 support
93
Terminals with Built-In Streaming

Some high-end terminals such as
– Polycom
FX
– Tandberg 880



94
Can multicast the H.26x/G.7xx audio and
video in QT, Real and/or WMP
No ability to record for VOD
Can be a burden on the local network of the
device
Combo Endpoint and Encoder

Two standard devices…
– H.323
videoconference endpoint
– Streaming encoder

Are interconnected
– A/V

out of H.323 endpoint into A/V input of encoder
Encoder can be just about anything
– Real,
Windows Media, QuickTime; or MPEG-1,-2,-4;
unicast or multicast
Video can be recorded and stored for VOD on
server

95
Combo Endpoint and Encoder


Combo Endpoint and Encoder can be
complex to manage
Have to schedule and manage the encoder
–

96
Videoconference scheduling systems don’t
support viewing the pair of devices as a single
logical device
MediaSite has a device that can be
combined with an endpoint that can capture
both the VC and H.239 if that is part of the
conference.
Streaming Quality


97
Combo Endpoint and Encoder uses
optimized-for-streaming encoding formats
Both All-In-One Box and Endpoints with BuiltIn streaming repackage video and audio
which is not optimized for streaming
H.323 Terminal Endpoints
An end-user’s view of
videoconferencing
98
Four basic types of endpoints




99
Room systems
Desktop systems
Software-based systems
Telepresence Systems
Room Systems

Most will need a display device
–



Mostly set-top boxes
Some can be rack-mounted
Some take multiple inputs for video
–
–
–
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0
Monitor, projector, etc
Multiple cameras
VGA/Scan converter
Document camera
Room Systems




All come with an intuitive GUI Interface
Almost all use remote controls or some other
external interface
Most have one or more external microphone
Most hide the “administrative” features from
the end user
–
10
1
Many will password protect the administrative
interface to avoid users changing settings
Room System Examples

Polycom
–
–

Tandberg
–
–


Set-top Series
Edge Series
LifeSize
–
10
2
VSX line
HDX line
No support for H.261
video
VTEL IPanel
Desktop Endpoints


Have built-in processors to handle some of
the video encoding
Most will rely on your PC’s monitor or will
have a built-in monitor
–

10
3

Some with the built in monitor can take the place
of your current monitor or be used for dual screen
Best to use only if you have one to three
people at your site
Very few have external inputs for VGA,
external cameras, etc.
Desktop Endpoints



10
4
Many have “strong arm” focusing which can
be difficult to get the focus exactly correct
Becoming less popular and expensive
compared to software endpoints on today’s
faster processors
Most desktop endpoints with built in monitor
are aimed at the “Executive” level
Desktop Endpoint Examples

Polycom
–
–
–

10
5
VSX 3000
V700
HDX 4000
Cisco Tandberg
1500
Software Endpoints



Most work only with Windows OS
Rely on your monitor for displaying video
Use USB or Firewire webcam for capturing
video
–

10
6
A decent USB webcam will cost about $100
Most software packages run in the $150 per
endpoint range and offer a free trial period
download
Example Software Endpoints

Polycom PVX
–

–
10
7
www.polycom.com
Xmeeting
–

http://xmeeting.sourcefor
ge.net/
Runs on Mac OSX
RADVISION eConf
–

www.radvision.com
Tandberg Movi
–
http://www.tandberg.com
/products/pc_videoconfer
encing.jsp
Telepresence Setups (H.323)

Multiple systems
working together
–
–
–


10
8
Polycom
Tandberg
Lifesize
Specific room setup
Illusion of one single
room
Environmental Considerations
Getting you and your
space ready for
videoconferencing
10
9
Setting Up for a Videoconference





11
0
Clothing
Lighting
Back Drop
Audio setup
Large Conference Room considerations
Clothing



11
1
Solid color shirts
“Busy” outfits blur when
on camera
Simpler patterns aid the
video compression
Lighting




11
2
Soft white frontal light
Standard overhead lights
can cast shadows—
especially if the user wears
glasses
Think of TV studio lighting
Camera can not focus in
low light—keep this in mind
if you use a projector
Backdrop



No hard lines or complicated patterns
Can use a dry erase board, but be aware of
glare
Solid darker color is ideal
–

11
3

Avoid red backgrounds they can be hard on the
viewing site
Give audience one thing to focus on—YOU
Good idea—use a sign to indicate your location
Bad Backdrop
11
4
Good Backdrop
11
5
Audio Setup

Keep the microphone away from where
the speakers are located
–

Test audio levels ahead of time
–
–
11
6
This can cause audio loop back
Make a test call
Use built-in features of the endpoint to test
Audio Setup

Make sure microphones are away from
extraneous noise generators
–
–

May need to add echo canceling hardware
–
11
7
Air conditioners
Laptop/Projector fans
This is less common as endpoints become MUCH
better at handling audio
Large Room Considerations

Position the camera to see the primary
speaker and audience
–



11
8
May want to add additional cameras
Good lighting
Designate locations for Q&A with
microphones
Avoid panning the camera too much
–
Use endpoint “presets”
Other Considerations

Plasma burn-in
–
–

Projectors
–
11
9
Many endpoint use icons while in a call
These icons can lead to burn-in on the plasma
screen
Newer, brighter projectors (3000+ lumens) are
plenty bright to have room lights on during
videoconferences
Videoconferencing Etiquette
Make every conference
an enjoyable one
12
0
Plan Your Videoconference




12
1
Send the agenda and handouts in advance
Allow a few minutes for call setup and shut
down time
Stick to the time limits
Unplug room telephone or turn off the ringer
Be Considerate




12
2
“Can you hear me, can you hear me?”
Remember to mute your microphone when
you are not talking to the group
Use a location banner and name tags in case
you are not on a first-name basis with the
others in your conference
Take turns speaking and allow time for audio
delay
Be Considerate
Don’t Multi-task on camera
 Be aware of possible audio distractions
if your microphone is not muted

Coughing
– Paper rattling
– AC units, Laptop and projector fans
Don’t bring food unless all sites will be eating
–
12
3

Tips for Getting Started

Provide an overview workshop for new
users to learn basics
–
–
–
12
4
Share rules of etiquette
Get experience using the remote control
The importance of muting
Tips for Getting Started


12
5
Publish and distribute print materials or
create a website describing basic equipment
use and listing the site coordinator’s contact
information
Emphasize simple practices like having a
clear meeting agenda, muting the
microphone, and how to use the remote
control
Test, test, test

Test with every location thoroughly
–
Testing will help address equipment and
networking issues in advance
Testing provides experience and
creates a positive end experience
 Murphy’s Law: If something can go
wrong, it will

12
6
Why We Test
A student had a thesis defense
 Moved from the planned, tested
location just prior to a videoconference

–
–
–
12
7
Original testing went fine
Far site moved their unit just moments
before the conference was to begin
Nervous presenter waited while new
problems were corrected
Site Coordinator Duties
Bob Dixon
What is expected of you
12
8
Be Your Organization’s
Videoconferencing Liaison





12
9
Work with the people in your group to assist with
scheduling and testing
Establish relationship with your users and best
practices for your group
Work with other site coordinators at other
organizations
Work with users in conferences you schedule to be
sure they can connect
Make nice with your organization’s network
administrators
–
They can be your best friend in making H.323 really work
for your organization
Troubleshooting Point to Point
Videoconferences

Make sure the network is up to the task
–

Make sure both endpoints are turned on and
have valid IP addresses
–
–
13
0
Eliminate Firewall or NAT as troublemaker
–
Some endpoints have built-in hub and if the
Ethernet cable is plugged in here, it will not work
Most will give an indication that they have a valid
IP address, but they can be wrong
Make sure you have link lights
Troubleshooting Multipoint
Conferences





13
1
Number 1 support call: “I can’t get into the
conference”
Make sure all sites have followed the directions
Make sure you have the time and date correct
Make sure all sites are registered to a GDS
Gatekeeper
Double check your speed and what you dialed
Follow Directions

Commons Dialing Directions come with a
date and time (with time zone) reminder
and directions similar to this example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
13
2
Register with a GDS Gatekeeper, if you need to
borrow space go here:
http://commons.internet2.edu/reggate
Make sure you are connecting at 384 kbps
Dial 001189 700 1234 (no spaces)
Call 614-292-xxxx for technical support
Timing is everything


13
3
Time zone confusion can be problematic
Don’t be surprised if your Tuesday
conference is empty on Wednesday, or
simply won’t let you in!
Registering with a Gatekeeper




13
4
Many new users have never done this
Typically an administrative chore and
requires administrative access to the
endpoint’s settings
This does take a few minutes and can
require some rebooting, so be prepared
If your campus is already GDS, make a note
of that on the cheat sheet in VC room
How to register with the Commons
Gatekeeper
In your videoconferencing endpoint
unit, navigate to the H.323 settings
menu
Enter your email address as your
endpoint’s H.323 Name
1.
2.

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5
This gives administrators some idea of
who is registering and from where
How to register with the Commons
Gatekeeper (cont.)
Assign yourself an E.164 number in
this format
3.



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6
001189 + your 10 digit phone number
If your phone number is (111) 555-0000,
your GDS number would be
0011891115550000
Your endpoint's system may need to be
rebooted.
How to register with the Commons
Gatekeeper (cont.)
Navigate back to the
H.323/Gatekeeper setting
Enter the following IP address:
192.148.244.115
4.
5.

6.
13
7
Again, your endpoint may need to be
rebooted
Congratulations! You should now be
registered with the Internet2
Commons Gatekeeper
Check your speed!


Some MCUs will not let you in if you dial at
an incorrect speed
Some will only give you partial connection
–
–
–

13
8
Only audio
Only video
Frozen image
Faster is not always the best way to go!
Check your digits!



13
9
One added or missing number may put you
in a completely different place
Some MCUs have predefined meeting
“rooms” where a mistyped dial string will
cause failure to connect
You do not enter the spaces in a GDS dial
string, the spaces are for readability like the
parenthesis and dashes in telephone
numbers
Do you have a Firewall or NAT?



14
0
Firewall + H.323 = Bad
NAT + H.323 = Bad
Firewall + NAT + H.323 = Bad
Still can’t get in?


Some endpoints require you to specify for
them to dial by IP or LAN
Is your endpoint ISDN or ATM?
–

Check to make sure the Ethernet cable is
plugged into the right place
–
14
1
You will need a gateway to convert your signal to
IP and back
Some of the older Polycoms have an Ethernet
jack AND a hub port
Okay, now I’m in but it looks
terrible!

Do you have enough bandwidth?
–
–
–
–

14
2
A dedicated T1 for video might not be enough
Say you have 4 endpoints all videoconferencing
at 384 kbps
4 * 384 kbps = 1536 kbps which is your WHOLE
T1 and that doesn’t allow room for overhead
Network congestion can cause a poor
videoconferencing experience
Did you check your duplex settings
–
Duplex mismatch is the “silent killer” of
videoconferencing
Another word on etiquette


Remember to mute your microphone
Try to stay in the frame of the video for the
other end’s pleasure
–

Cut down on visual and audio distractions in
the room
–
14
3
There’s nothing more distracting that looking at
the top of someone’s head or out their window
–
Air conditioners, fans, and poor mic placement
Busy backgrounds and clothing
And never forget…



14
4
Test
Test
TEST!!!
Thank you
We expect our inbox to
be flooded with Site
Coordinator forms!
14
5