SAFETY IN AIRLINES
HARPREET A DE SINGH
HEAD – CORPORATE QUALITY, SAFETY AND
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
25 Oct 2013
Concept of safety

What is safety
• Zero accidents (or serious incidents)?
• Freedom from danger or risks?
• Error avoidance
• Regulatory compliance?
• …?
ORGANISATION
Board of Directors
Chairman and
Managing Director
Joint Managing
Director
Functional Directors
Executive Directors /
Departmental Heads
CVO
Accountable Manager
•
Allocation of Resources
• Financial Control
• Post Holders
ORGANISATION CHART
Regular DGCA oversight
Regular Flight Safety oversight
Regular QMS oversight
AIR INDIA -ENGINEERING
•
FAA certified
• EASA certified
AIR INDIA -ENGINEERING
Boeing
•
FAA certified
( Engine Overhaul,
Accessories Overhaul )
• EASA certified
( Engine Overhaul,
Accessories Overhaul,
Electronic Workshop )
• Line Maintenance
(Singapore, Qatar, Kuwait)
AIR INDIA -ENGINEERING
Airbus
•
FAA certified
( Jet Engine Overhaul,
JEOC)
• EASA certified
( Jet Engine Overhaul, JEOC)
• Line Maintenance
(Sri Lanka, Singapore, Qatar,
Gulf, Jordan)
AIR INDIA -SECURITY
•
ISO certified
• BCAS certified
QMS
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Quality Management System (QMS) ensures continued suitability, adequacy
and effectiveness of the entire organisation .
– To maintain an effective SMS and QMS complying with international
standards and regulatory requirements.
– To ensure compliance with relevant statutory, quality, safety and security
requirements (ICAO, DGCA, IOSA,ISAGO, EASA, FAA & all external /
internal audits).
– Organisational and Operational Risk Management
– Quality and Safety Assurance Programme (Through Internal & External
audits)
– Emergency Response, etc.
IOSA
• One of the first few airlines in the world and first in India to clear IOSA
• First and only airline in India with ISAGO ( IATA Safety Audit for Ground
Operations)
• QMS Auditors represent IATA to audit ground service providers, as part of
ISAGO Audit Pool, including those outside India
• ENHANCED IOSA
• First Airline in the world to voluntarily get audited for E IOSA with new
standards effective Sept 01, 2013, although mandatory from 2015 only
• Cleared renewal IOSA on Sept 6, 2013 with zero findings
FIRST– IOSA / ISAGO / E IOSA
QUALITY AWARDS
AIR INDIA QMS recently awarded
International Quality Summit
Award(London) – 2012
International Quality Award to QMS
(Geneva) 2013
SMS
FLIGHT SAFETY
• Independent
Department
• Incident and Accident Prevention
• Investigation
• FOQA Analysis and DFDR Monitoring
• Counselling
• Trend Analysis
• Safety Promotion
• SMS – Safety Risk Assessment, Hazard
Analysis, Proactive and reactive, Risk Mitigation
through a just culture
ICAO and DGCA
CAR PHASE WISE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
SMS CAR IMPLEMENTATION INVOLVES 4 PHASES
( AUTH CAR SEC1, Sec C, PART I, DT 20th July 2010)
PHASE 1:
+120 DAYS
PHASE 2:
+1 YEAR
Documentation & Implementation
PHASE 3:
+2 YEAR
Proactive & Reactive Hazard
identification
PHASE 4
+3 YEARS Training, Quality assurance, ERP
AIR INDIA MEETS ALL BASELINE SMS REQUIREMENTS
SMS Organisation and relationships
Protection
Air India’s
safety
Programme
(Corporate SMS)
Objective:
Public safety
Safety policy
& objectives
Org. Safety
Risk
Production
Oversight - QMS
(Quality and Safety assurance)
Acceptance
Oversight
Objective:
Manage and
control
Operational
safety risk
AOP Holders
Safety
Management
System (SMS)
AOP HOLDERS
OPERATION
Risk management
Safety assurance
Safety Promotion
Objective:
Achieve
commercial
goals and
customer
satisfaction
AIR INDIA LIMITED
CORPORATE
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS MANUAL
SMS – Results in design and implementation of
organizational processes and procedures to identify
hazards and control / mitigate risks in aviation operation
QMS techniques provide a structured process for ensuring
that these processes and procedures achieve their
intended objectives and where they fail short to improve
them.
OPERATIONS POLICY, MISSION AND
GOALS
The Airline Operations Policy and Mission is:
• Safety
• On Time Performance
• Courtesy
• Passenger Comfort
• Economy
TRAINING
Pilots
• Flight Despatchers
• Cabin Crew ( Safety training )
•
• Engineers
• Technical Officers
• Ground Handling and Ramp Personnel
• Cargo Personnel
• Load and Trim Staff
• Security Staff
• Flight Safety
• QMS
SAFETY IS THROUGH
• Training of cockpit crew
• SEP training of cabin crew
• Use of modern full flight simulator
• Periodical proficiency checks
• Medical examination
• Annual ground technical and flight safety
refreshers
• Sound operating policies
PROFICIENCY CHECKS - FLIGHT CREW
As per DGCA requirements, the pilots are required to undergo following mandatory
proficiency checks annually (per year) for keeping their licences current:
a) 2 Licence Renewal Local Checks
b) 1 Instrument Rating Check
c) 2 Licence Renewal Route Checks
In addition to the above, pilots are required to undergo mandatory Ground Technical
Refresher, Flight Safety Refresher and performance refresher on the type of aircraft
once in a year and Dangerous Goods Refresher once in two years.
TRAINING & FACILITIES
Based on DGCA approved syllabus.
• fully equipped classrooms and briefing rooms,
• training aids available:
1. Cockpit Procedure Trainer
2. Simulators (B747-400, B777-300ER, B737-800, B787, A320)
3. Safety & Emergency Procedures Mock-up
4. Boeing 747 Door Trainer
5. CBT - Work Stations
6. Training Library
7. TV/VCR, Video Cassettes & Films
8. LCD Multimedia Projectors, Ceiling Mounts for Projectors with Drop Down
Screens
FUNCTIONS - TRAINING
• SAFETY through formulation of flight proficiency
standards
• Adherence to requirements of DGCA
• Training of pilots, flight despatchers and cabin crew
• Training of Trainers
- Check pilots / Instructors /Examiners
- Operations Training Instructors ( Navigation)
- Ground Technical Instructors
FUNCTIONS – TRAINING
• Maintaining records of all licences / validity
• Simulators and their maintenance
• Medical Coordination
• Corrective training based on Air Safety and DGCA
audits and reports
TRAINING PERSONNEL





Examiners
Instructors
Check pilots
Synthetic flight instructors
Ground training instructors
 Ground technical instructors
 Operations training instructors
AB-INITIO TRAINING OF PILOTS
ORIENTATION COURSE FOR AB-INITIO PILOTS
Duration - 6 to 8 weeks
Subjects covered are :
 Organisation of the
Company
 Navigation
 Air Regulations
 Jet Orientation
 General Performance
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meteorology
Principles of
flight & Engines
Jeppesen
Flight Planning
Human Factors
CRM
AB-INITIO TRAINING OF PILOTS
•
•
•
•
Aircraft Specific Ground Training
Simulator Training
Aircraft Training for endorsement of Licence
Aircraft Route Training prior to release to operate
independently.
SPECIALIZED OPERATIONAL TRAINING
 MNPS Training
 RVSM Training
 ETOPS Training
 TCAS Training
 RNAV/ PBN Training
 Dangerous Goods
Training
 Category II / III
Training
 LTOM Training
 Fuel Management
Training
 EGPWS Training
 Flight Planning
 Human Factors &
CRM Training
SPECIALIZED OPERATIONAL TRAINING
 ALAR Training
 Security Training
 Jeppessen Charts
Training
 FMS/IRS Training
 Air Regulations/
Operations Manual
These trainings are
refreshers annually.
 Special Nav Ops
Training
 Train the Trainer
Workshop
 Adverse Weather
 Weight & Balance
Training
also
conducted
as
CRM TRAINING
This training is conducted for :
• Flight Crew
• Cabin Crew
• Flight Despatchers
It is an integral part of classroom, simulator,
refresher and command training.
HUMAN FACTORS Training – all operational,
engineering and ground handling personnel
REFRESHERS
All flight crew are required to undergo the
following refreshers once a year :
• Ground Training Refresher/ Test
• Flight Safety Refresher/ Test
CABIN ATTENDANT TRAINING
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Emergency Duty / Flight Safety Training
First Aid Course
Dangerous Goods Training
Human Factors and CRM Training
Refresher Training - once a year
Dangerous goods and wet drill - once in 2 years
 DGCA Approval
FLIGHT DESPATCHER TRAINING





Basic Indoctrination Training
Initial Training
Conversion Training
Human Factors and CRM Training
Refresher Training - once every 2 years
 DGCA approval
TRAINING






AME
Basic Indoctrination Training
Initial Training
Conversion Training
Human Factors and CRM Training
Refresher Training - once every 2 years
 DGCA approval
The essential is invisible to the eyes
Number of occurrences
1–5
30 – 100
100 – 1000
1000 – 4000
Accidents
Serious incidents
Incidents
Latent conditions
Safety
Traditional approach – Accident prevention
 Focus on outcomes (causes)
 Unsafe acts by operational personnel
 Attach blame/punish for failures to “perform safely”
 Address identified safety concern exclusively
 Identifies:
WHAT?
WHEN?
WHO?
 But not always discloses:
WHY?
HOW?
Modern Approach - Consider the WHY and HOW
also and adopt SMS
AIR INDIA is fully committed to Safety
Thank You and have a good day!!