Data Repositories
&
Linked Data
ARD Prasad
DRTC
Indian Statistical Institute
ard@drtc.isibang.ac.in
Looking Back
Open Access to Information (OAI)
•A Fairly successful movement, resulted in
•Open Access Repositories (> 2000)
•Open Access Journals (> 5000)
•Partially bridging digital divide in Social, Physical,
Natural Sciences and Humanities,
Nature of Publications
Many publications use data. Actual article may
not have complete data used
• For lack of space
• Author might have overlooked the data
• Author deliberately did not present data so that others can not verify the data
For Example
Some suspect that Sigmund Freud's data is of
fictious persons, it is not just fictitious names
If data is available ...
• Others may draw different conclusions
contradictory to that of the author
• Others may deal with other facets of the data
• Data Transparency supplements the Objectivity
and self corrective characteristics of Science
If “Case history of patients” is openly available, it
will contribute significantly to medical research
Digital Divide
• Social Sciences do not require laboratory
infrastructure
• However, physical and natural sciences do
require expensive infrastructure
• If experimental data is available to scientists that
do not have infrastructure, it will significantly
reduce digital divide in Physical and Natural
Sciences
ODA is a step toward transparency and quality
in science
For Example
• Human Genome data
• Data from Accelerator Labs (CERN)
• Recent controversy about particle moving faster
than light
• Not surprisingly, astronomy data is openly
available even before the OA movement
Features of Open Data Repositories
Metadata: specify who is the owner, creator etc
• license the data to waive your rights to facilitate
bulk download Open Data
• Technology Tools: automate data extraction
preferable on Cloud
• Ontology: Index data
Licences
Creative Commons licenses (apart from CCZero),
GPL, BSD, etc are NOT quite appropriate for
open data licences
Open Data Licences
•
Open Data Commons Public Domain
Dedication and Licence (PDDL)
•
Dedicate to the Public Domain (all rights waived)
•
Open Data Commons Attribution License
•
Attribution for data(bases)
•
Open Data Commons Open Database
License (OdbL)
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Attribution-ShareAlike for data(bases)
•
Creative Commons CCZero
•
Dedicate to the Public Domain (all rights waived)
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Public Data Sets on AWS
• Annotated Human Genome Data provided by ENSEMBL
•The Ensembl project produces genome databases for human as
well as almost 50 other species, and makes this information freely
available.
• Various US Census Databases from The US Census Bureau
•Demographic data
•US Censuses
•Summary information about Business and Industry
•Economic Household Profile Data.
• UniGene provided by the National Center for Biotechnology
Information
Astronomy
Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR6 Subset
Biology
• Influenza Virus (including updated Swine Flu
sequence
• Ensembl Annotated Human Genome Data - for
MySQL
• GenBank
Chemistry
• PubChem Library
• A data set of information on the biological activities of
small molecules.
• 3D Version of the PubChem Library
• UGI Virtual Conformer Library
• 500,000 molecules for virtual screening.
Climate
Daily Global Weather Measurements, 1929-2009
Economics
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Federal Reserve Economic Data
Transportation Databases
Labor Statistics Databases
US Census
Business and Industry Summary Data
Digital Curation
• Collecting verifiable digital assets
• Providing digital asset search and retrieval
• Certification of the trustworthiness and integrity
of the collection content
• Semantic and ontological continuity and
comparability of the collection content
• Use of open standards (formats) for term
preservation and future proofing by migration of
data
Technology
• Data repositories are much larger than OA
repositories
• Cloud Computing is a good solution (AWS uses)
• Semantic Web & Linked Data (Linking Data
through various methods)
Resource Description in terms of
Metadata and Ontology
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RDF: Resource Description Framework
SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organization
System
OWL: Web Ontology Language
SPARQL: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query
Language
RDF Example
Title:
Dil-E-Naddan
Artist:
Talat Mahamed
Artist:
Suraiya
Company: HMV
Country: India
Price:
Rs.100
Year:
1955
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntaxns#"
xmlns:cd="http://www.recshop.fake/cd#">
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://www.hmv.com/cd/Dil-E-Naddan">
<cd:artist>Talat Mahamed</cd:artist>
<cd:artist>Suraiya</cd:artist>
<cd:country>India</cd:country>
<cd:company>HMV</cd:company>
<cd:price>Rs. 100</cd:price>
<cd:year>1955</cd:year>
</rdf:Description>
SKOS Example
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prefLabel - The preferred term
altLabel - These are the See references which point to this
record
narrower - Contains the related narrower term
broader - Contains a sub-element for the authority type which
contains the related broader term
related - Contains a related term which is at the same level in
the heirarchy
scopeNote - Note information
DBpedia Data Set
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Multi-domain ontology derived from Wikipedia
3.77 million “things” (entities - Entitypedia)
400 million “facts”
Uses YAGO (Yet Another Great Ontology)
Entitypedia
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Multilingual controlled vocabulary
Entity matching
Data quality and type checking
Entity type specific services
Semantic or faceted search and navigation on
entities
Summarization of entities and concepts
DRTC Projects
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Living Knowledge (EC funded project)
ITPAR: India-Trento Program for Advanced
Research (work on Entitypedia)
CHAIN – REDS (EC funded Project):
Coordination and Harmonization of Advanced eInfrastructures–Research & Education Data Sets
Thank You