RAL High Power Targets Group
Chris Densham, Otto Caretta, Tristan Davenne, Mike Fitton, Peter
Loveridge, Dan Wilcox + Joe O’Dell (PEG)
‘Mission’
• To be a ‘one-stop shop’ (P. Hurh) for target
technology
• Enable optimum physics performance via sound
engineering
Chris Densham
Specific technical expertise
•
Mechanical & thermal engineering
– From conceptual & detailed design through to manufacture, installation &
commissioning
•
FLUKA (MonteCarlo code)
– energy deposited in target components by the beam
– optimisation of useful particle yield
•
CFX (fluid dynamics code)
– Cooling circuit design
– conjugate heat transfer analysis
•
ANSYS “classic” (Implicit FEA)
– magnetic, thermal, mechanical analyses
– multiphysics simulations
•
AUTODYN (Explicit FEA)
– dynamic simulations
– Transient & dynamic analysis
•
•
•
Multi-code integration
Specialist joining technology
Fluidised powder technology
Chris Densham
Multi-code integration for physics & engineering
analysis
•
Analysis procedure for LBNE target/horn
Software:
FLUKA
(3D)
ANSYS
(3D slice)
ANSYS
(3D slice)
Beam heat
generation rates
Inputs:
Model:
Outputs:
ANSYS
(3D slice)
Nodal
temperatures
Proton beam
parameters
Current pulse
definition
Resistive heat
generation rates
Energy
Deposition
emag
Transient
Thermal
Transient
Structural
Static
Energy density
distribution
Magnetic field
Temperature
distribution
Static stress /
strain
Current density
Joule heating
Lorentz force
Nodal forces
MatLab Interface Developed In-House
• FLUKA post-processing GUI developed inhouse
– Reads the FLUKA output file
– Writes out the energy deposition data in a
suitable format for CFX, ANSYS,
AUTODYN
CFX: fluid dynamics code for
conjugate heat transfer
• Semi-automated process permits multiple
case runs
ANSYS: multi-physics simulation
FLUKA:
energy deposition
MatLAB:
semi-automated interface
AUTODYN: dynamic simulation
Chris Densham
T2K Secondary Beam-line
Target station
Beam window
2nd horn
Hadron
absorber
Hadron
absorber
T2K Secondary Beam-line
Target station
Beam window
Baffle
2nd horn
Target
1st horn
T2K Target
•
•
•
•
Helium cooled graphite rod
Design beam power: 750 kW
Beam power so far: 230 kW
1st target still running after
~4 years
Acoustic stress
waves in target
after off-centre
beam
spill
Chris Densham
10
10
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
-2
-2
-4
-4
-6
-8
Max VM-Stress anywhere
VM-Stress @ gauge pt.
Rad-Stess @ gauge pt.
Long-Stress @ gauge pt.
Hoop-Stress @ gauge pt.
End Displacement
-6
-8
-10
-10
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
time (milli-sec)
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Displacement (mm)
Stress (MPa)
Acoustic Stress-waves in the T2K Target after a single off-centre beam spill
2-sigma beam offset, 3.3e14 protons @ 30 GeV
Graphite-IG43 Material Properties @ 400°C, L=900mm, R=13mm
T2K Target
•
•
•
•
Prototype graphite to
titanium bonding
Chris Densham
Helium cooled graphite rod
Design beam power: 750 kW
Beam power so far: 230 kW
1st target still running after
~4 years
T2K Target
•
•
•
•
400 m/s
Mike Fitton
Helium
flow lines
Chris Densham
Helium cooled graphite rod
Design beam power: 750 kW
Beam power so far: 230 kW
1st target still running after
~4 years
T2K Target
•
•
•
•
Helium cooled graphite rod
Design beam power: 750 kW
Beam power so far: 230 kW
1st target still running after
~4 years
Prototype graphite to
titanium bonding
400 m/s
Helium
flow lines
Chris Densham
Inserting
target into
magnetic horn
Exploring limits of
static, solid targets
Design studies for Fermilab
(LBNE) & EUROnu collaboration
100 m/s
4 MW Neutrino
Superbeam study
(EUROnu)
Velocity vectors showing inlet
and outlet channels and entry
and exit from packed bed
Packed Bed Target
Solution
Tristan Davenne
Multi-MW target solution: fluidised tungsten
powder research
Open jet:
2
Contained discontinuous dense phase:
1
3
4
Contained continuous dense phase:
1. Suction / Lift
2. Load Hopper
3. Pressurise Hopper
4. Powder Ejection and ObservationChris Densham
Otto Caretta + Peter Loveridge
ISIS Capabilities
David Jenkins
ISIS Target Design Group Leader
3rd April 2013
Knowledge and expertise in our people
• ISIS Target Design Group
– Group of 10 mechanical engineers who:
– Support the work of the ISIS Target Operations Group
– Design and develop new systems and equipment for ISIS target
operations.
• Target station operation experience
ISIS First Target Station
• In operation for 27 years
• Current target – 12 tungsten plates clad in tantalum
• Typically 180mA of 800MeV protons
• Maximum power density ~1000MW/m3
• Peak energy per pulse ~25MJ/m3/pulse
View of the ISIS TS1
TargetReflectorAndM
oderators.
ISIS Intermediate Target Station
• Muon production target in operation since early 1990s
o 800MeV protons interact with 10mm thick graphite blade
o Graphite blade set at 45o angle to beam
o Target cooled by water
o Target cassette holds three individual graphite targets
ISIS Second Target Station
• In operation for 4 years
• Target - tungsten cylinder clad in tantalum
• Typically 45mA of 800MeV protons
• Maximum power density ~1000MW/m3
• Peak energy per pulse ~100MJ/m3/pulse.
View of the ISIS TS2
TargetReflectorAndM
oderators with the
edge cooled beryllium
reflector partially open
to reveal the target and
cryogenic moderators.
The ISIS TS2 TRAM with the reflector open in maintenance mode and the
target and cryogenic moderators revealed.
• Spallation Neutron Source facilities design and
build experience
Target Stations
Design, build and operation of ‘Hot Cells’
Remote Handling cells
and lead glass shielding
windows
• Target Manufacturing and Assembly
– Precision machining
– Machining Tungsten and Tantalum
• EDM
• 5 axis CNC
– EB welding of Tantalum cladding and bulk
tantalum
– Hot Isostatic Pressing of Tantalum cladding
– Target assembly
ISIS TS1 target under construction
• Engineering analysis
– Proton beam target interaction modelling
– Thermo-mechanical stress/strain - FEA
– Cooling water flow analysis – CFD
– Heat transfer – CHF - BO
• Investigation of strain/stress state of target
cladding using neutron diffraction
– ISIS director approval for access to Engin-X
instrument.
ISIS First Target Station upgrade plans
• Currently in a definition (feasibility) phase reviewing the
options for an upgrade which might include:
o An improvement in efficiency
o An improvement in reliability
o An improvement in specific output
o Or a combination of all three.
• The existing target station infrastructure will have a strong
influence on any upgrade path.
ISIS Second Target Station upgrade plans
• Currently in the middle of the phase II instruments project:
o Adding a further 4 instruments to the current suite of 7
o An improvement in flexibility of the beryllium reflector
o To accommodate potential future changes to the moderators
o Potential changes to the instrument suite.
• Again, existing target station infrastructure will have a strong
influence on any upgrade path.