KNITTING TECHNOLOGY
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DIVYANKA U. DHANURKAR
084051010
VAIBHAV V. GAIKWAD
084050113
DIPALI C. DHOLE
084051011
INTRODUCTION
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Knitting is a process of
manufacturing a fabric by the
intermeshing of loops of yarns.
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The two main forms of knitting
technology are
Warp knitting
Weft knitting
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KNITTING TERMINOLOGIES
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COURSES: Rows of loops across the
width of the fabric produced by
adjacent needles during the same
knitting cycle. (measured in
courses/cm).
WALES: Vertical column of needle
loops. Determines the width of the
fabric (measured in Wales/cm).
STITCH DENSITY: Represents the total
number of needle loops in a given
area.
STITCH LENGTH: is the length of yarn
in knitted loop.
WEFT KNITTING
Direction- horizontal
WARP KNITTING
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Direction-vertical
KNITTING NEEDLE TYPES
CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE
KNITTING CAMS
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Clearing
cam/Rising cam
Stitch cam
Running cam/
upthrow cam
Guard cams
GENERAL LOOP FORMATION OF WEFT NEEDLE
New yarn is taken
 Previous loop
formed goes below
the latch
 Needle goes to a
maximum height
 The hook pulls the
new yarn & loop is
formed
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WARP KNITTING MACHINE
LOOP FORMATION OF WARP KNITTING
MACHINE
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Start of new course
Start of overlap
Guide bar swinging
motion
Return swing after
overlap
Old loop closing latch
Knock over &
underlap movements
WARP KNITTED STRUCTURES
FULL TRICOT
LOCKNIT
THREE NEEDLE SHARKSKIN
THREE NEEDLE QUEENSCORD
BASIC WEFT KNITTED STRUCTURES
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Simplest & most
widely used weft knit
structure
Fabric unroved from
end
Fabric tends to curl at
the edges
Production rate is high
RIB KNIT STRUCTURE
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It is reversible structure
It gives a balanced
structure
Fabric does not curl
Maximum extensibility in
widthwise direction
Rib structure can not
unroved
PURL KNIT STRUCTURE
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Consists of reverse &
face courses
Very little commercial &
apparel end use
Extensibility in length
wise direction
Fabric does not curl
Suitable for socks &
sportswear
INTERLOCK FABRIC
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It gives a reversible
appearance
Fabric is firm
It does not curl at
edges
Production rate is
reduced to half
Structure is thicker,
stronger & less elastic
Cost of fabric is high
COMPARISON OF WEFT & WARP KNITTING
Weft knitting
Warp knitting
Yarn are fed course wise direction
Yarns are fed wale wise direction
Yarn supply is usually in the form of a
cone or cheese
Yarn is in one long beam or small warp
beams
Staple fibre & continuous filament yarns
used
Filament yarns can be successfully
worked
Usually latch needles are used
Latch, beard or compound needles are
used
Only one class of goods can be knitted
Variety of goods can be knitted
Extensibility in widthwise & lengthwise
direction
It stretch in widthwise direction
FACTORS AFFECTING ON DIMENSIONAL
PROPERTIES
Fabric structure
 Fibres type
 Stitch length
 Relaxation
 Yarn linear density
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COMPARISON BETWEEN WOVEN,
KNITTING AND NON-WOVEN
WOVEN
KNITTING
NON-WOVEN
Is the process in
which two sets of
yarns or threads are
interlaced together
to form a fabric or
cloth.
Fabrics are created
by looped yarns.
Is a material made
from long fibers,
bonded together by
chemical,
mechanical, heat or
solvent treatment.
WOVEN
KNITTING
NON-WOVEN
The threads are
always straight and
perpendicular to each
other
The yarn follows a
course, or a path,
forming wellproportioned loops
over and under the
yarn’s path.
The fibres are parallel
bonded together.
Made of two sets of
individual strands.
Made of one
continuous thread.
No thread or yarn
required as it is made
directly from fibres.
Has the ability to be
more versatile in its
construction.
Is tougher and better
able to withstand wear
WOVEN
KNITTING
NON-WOVEN
Have fast colors and are
more durable than
knitted fabrics that
shrink easily.
Two types of threads run
in different directions,
with the warp threads
running lengthwise, and
the weft threads
running crosswise or
has a horizontal
direction.
Preferred for comfort
and wrinkle resistance
Used for technical
purpose.
It consists of stitches, or
loops of the material
consecutively run
together.
Fibre laps are placed
over other.
Include satin, twill, plain
weave.
Include jersey, Berber,
mesh, toweling, felt and
fleece
No weave requires.
WOVEN
KNITTING
NON-WOVEN
Fabrics feel less
soft than knit
fabric
Fabrics are
smooth, flexible
and move with the
body
Feel is good, soft.
Less stretch and
does not shrink.
It is stretch and
shrinks.
Does not
stretches.
Has high strength
Has less strength
Has lack of
strength.
Has less elasticity
Has more
elasticity.
Has no elasticity.
Products have
more flow and
much thinner.
Products are more
elastic and bulkier
Products are
thicker, thinner
and bulkier.
Involves a bigger
and heavier piece
of equipment the
loom.
Requires smaller
materials, like
knitting needles.
Also involves a
bigger and heavier
piece of
equipment the
WOVEN
KNITTING
NON-WOVEN
e.g. suiting,
shirting, sari,
dhoti, bed sheets
etc.
e.g. t-shirts, socks,
bandages,
sweaters, jersey
and terrycloth etc.
e.g. filters, felts,
blankets,
interlings,
disposable
material, geotextile, cement
bags, coating cloth
etc.
APPLICATIONS OF KNITTED FABRIC
Geotextiles
 Coverings
 Safety textile
 Industrial textile
 Medical textile
 Composites
 sportswear
 Nets
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MARKETS FOR TECHNICAL TEXTILES
The world produces over 17 tons of knitted
textiles and apparel - representing one third of
the global textile market.
 Moreover, output is forecast to grow by 25%
over the next ten years, reaching more than
21 tons.
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COST OF FABRIC
Fabrics
Cost(US$)
100% polyster grey towel
cloth knit fabrics for track
suits.
US $1-5 / Kilogram
Sportswear/ shoes polyester
knit mesh fabric.
US $0.1-2.9 / Meter
100%polyster knitting fabric
for sportswear.
US $9.5-10 / Kilogram
Flame Resistant Knitted
Fabric for Safety Clothing.
US $12.5-16 / Kilogram
Knitted mattress fabric.
US $1.99-3 / Meter