Requirements Determination
(Penentuan Kebutuhan)
Tujuan
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Memahami bagaimana cara mendefinisikan
kebutuhan (requirement) ?
Mampu menerapkan teknis analisa kebutuhan
Mengetahui macam-macam teknik pengumpulan
kebutuhan
Slide 2
Kebutuhan (Requirements)
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Requirement determination merupakan tahap
penting pada SDLC karena merupakan awalan
pembangunan sistem.
A requirement menyatakan apa saja yang harus
mampu dilakukan sistem atau karakteristik seperti
apa yang harus dimiliki sistem.
Identifikasi kebutuhan dilakukan dari perspektif
pengguna.
Fokus pada “what” dari sistem & kebutuhan user.
Slide 3
Functional Requirement
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Is a process the system has to perform or
information it needs to contain
These requirements are the technical specifications,
system design parameters and guidelines, data
manipulation, data processing, and calculation
modules etc, of the proposed system.
Slide 4
Contoh Functional Requirement
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Purchasing System :
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Supports user defined vendor types
Supports unique vendor address and contact information for
vendor corporate address, remit to address, and ship to address
Supports automatic purchase order generation default by vendor
Supports minimum and maximum receipt allowances by vendor
Supports tracking of last price paid for an item
Supports calculation of purchased price variances (PPV)
Supports online inquiry or report to compare actual vs. expected
purchase costs
Allows purchase order price to default to last amount paid
Tracks vendor performance on late deliveries
Tracks vendor performance on order fill rates
Slide 5
Non-functional Requirement
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Is a behavioural property that the system must
have, such as performance & usability
Include constraints and qualities.
Qualities : properties or characteristic of the system
that will affect the user satisfaction. Type : runtime and development-time qualities.
Berpengaruh scr tidak langsung thd proses
selanjutnya, misalnya untuk menentukan tipe
antarmuka, hardware & software, dan arsitektur
fisik sistem
Slide 6
Run-time Quality
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Describe how well the functional requirements are
satisfied.
Include :
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usability (ease-of-use, learnability, memorability,
efficiency, etc.)
configurability and supportability
correctness, reliability, availability
quality of service requirements such as performance
(throughput, response time, transit delay, latency, etc.)
safety properties (so-called because they “prevent bad
things from happening”), such as security and fault
tolerance
operational scalability including support for additional users
or sites, or higher transaction volumes
Slide 7
Development Quality
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Describe the quality of the artifacts (architecture,
design, code, etc.) of the development process.
Include :
localizability—ability to make adaptations due to
regional differences
 modifiability or extensibility—ability to add
(unspecified) future functionality
 evolvability—support for new capabilities or ability to
exploit new technologies
 composability—ability to compose systems from plugand-play components
 reusability—ability to (re)use in future systems
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Slide 8
Source of Non-functional Req.
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System constraints
User objectives, values, and concerns
Competitive analysis of feature
Development organization constraints
Development organization objectives, values, and
concerns
Competitors and industry trends
Slide 9
Requirements Definition
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Is a straightforward text report that simply lists the
functional and nonfunctional requirements in an
outline format.
Slide 10
Example of Requirements Definition
Slide 11
Slide 12
Exercise
Tentukan mana yang tmsk kebutuhan functional &
non-functional :
 Sistem harus mampu :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Diakses oleh pengguna web
Mencantumkan logo dan theme warna perusahaan
Membatasi akses pada informasi tertentu
Menampilkan informasi biaya aktual dan anggaran
Menyediakan laporan manajemen
Menyimpan informasi penjualan yang diperbarui setidaknya sehari
sekali
Waktu respon untuk pre-defined query adalah max. 2 detik,sedangkan
untuk ad-hoc query max. 10 menit
Mencantumkan informasi dari seluruh anak perusahaan
Mencetak laporan tiap cabang sesuai dengan jenis bahasa yang umum
digunakan di tiap cabang
Menyediakan rangking untuk kinerja staf penjualan
Slide 13
Requirements Analysis Techniques
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Basic process of analysis :
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understanding the as-is system
identifying improvements
developing requirements for the to-be system
Drives the kind of information that is gathered and
how it is ultimately analyzed.
Slide 14
Determining Requirements
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3 macam teknik :
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Business Process Automation (BPA)
Business Process Improvement (BPI)
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
Those techniques :
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help users critically examine the current state of
systems and processes (the as-is system)
identify exactly what needs to change
develop a concept for a new system (the to-be
system)
Slide 15
Business Process Automation
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Means :
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leaving the basic way in which the organization
operates unchanged
using computer technology to do some of the work
Two techniques :
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Problem analysis
 asking
the business users to identify problems with the
as-is system and to describe how to solve them
 focus on the problems
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Root cause analysis
 identifying
the root cause of the problems
 focus on the solutions
Slide 16
Business Process Improvement
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Making moderate changes to the way in which the
organization operates to take advantages of new
opportunities offered by technology or to copy what
competitors are doing
Techniques :
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Duration analysis :
 examination
of the amount of time it takes to perform
each process in the as-is system
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Activity-based costing
 examines
the cost of each major process or step in a
business process
 focus on th most costly process
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Informal benchmarking
 studying
process
how other organizations perform a business
Slide 17
Business Process Reengineering
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Changing the fundamental way in which the
organization operates to take advantage of new
ideas and new technology
Techniques :
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Outcome analysis
 focus
on understanding the fundamental outcomes that
provide value to customers
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Technology analysis
 identify
how each and every new technology could be
applied to the business process
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Activity elimination
 identify
how the organization could eliminate each and
every activity in the business process, how the function
could operate without it, and what effects are likeli
occur
Slide 18
How to select?
Slide 19
Tugas Kelompok
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Review lah salah satu dari website berikut :
 www.amazon.com
 www.google.com
 www.youtube.com
 www.yahoo.com
 www.blogger.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.ebay.com
 www.flickr.com
Definisikan requirements definition untuk situs tsb. Buatlah
daftar kebutuhan functional dari situs yang anda observasi tsb
selengkap mungkin.
Hasil kerja kelompok ditulis di kertas A4, huruf TNR 11 spasi 1.5.
Dikumpulkan dalam format doc/docx via email
gita.voyager@gmail.com paling lambat pada pertemuan
selanjutnya.
Slide 20
Evaluation (15 Menit-Open Book)
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Deskripsikan istilah-istilah berikut :
1.
2.
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5.
Business process improvement
The as-is system
Requirement definition
functional requirements
non-functional requirements
Slide 21
Evaluation (15 Menit-Open Book)
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Deskripsikan istilah-istilah berikut :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Business process reengineering
The to-be system
Duration analysis
functional requirements
non-functional requirements
Slide 22
Evaluation (15 Menit-Open Book)
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Deskripsikan istilah-istilah berikut :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Business process automation
Problem analysis
Activity-based costing
functional requirements
non-functional requirements
Slide 23
References
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Dennis, Alan, et.al. System Analysis and Design with
UML Version 2.0. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
http://www.brighthub.com/office/projectmanagement/articles/12259.aspx
Bredmeyer D., Malan R. Designing Non-functional
Requirements. Bredemeyer Consulting.
Slide 24