Arduino-Based Patient
Simulator
Patient Simulator
Rea Rostosky,
Tyler
Ishita Jain
Rea R.,Matt
MattVenard,
V., Tyler
B.,Brann,
Ishita J.
Mentors: Mr. Tommy Roussel & Dr. Darren Brey
What is a Patient Simulator?
Patient
Generated
Physiological
Signal with Known
Characteristics
Patient Simulator
Patient Monitor
http://www.healthcare.philips.com
http://www.flukebiomedical.com
Current Patient Simulators
Expensive
Pronk® SL-8 SimSlim®
$1495
Fluke ProSim 8
$1014
http://www.pronktech.com
http://www.flukebiomedical.com
Limited Functionality
HE Instruments
$240
Currently used in UofL
Bioinstrumentation
Lab!
http://www.heinstruments.com/
Design Importance / Benefits
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High Functionality for Low Cost
o
Who doesn't want that?
Arduino Platform
o
Open source
Standalone/Portable
Mass producible
o
Mostly off the shelf parts
http://designbuddy.com/how-toavoid-cheap-logo-design
http://arduino.cc/
Intended Users
Users
Purpose Served by Device
Bioinstrumentation
Students
physiological signal generation
Device
testing of device prototypes
Developers/Researchers
Medical Technicians
calibration in hospital settings
Medical Professionals in
Developing Nations
calibration in rural settings
Design Criteria
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•
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< $50
EKG, Blood Pressure, Respiration, &
Temperature Signals
Handheld
Standalone (Battery Powered)
Simple User Interface
Compatible with Various Patient Monitors
Design Timeline
V.1
V.4
V.3
V.2
DAQ
http://www.gettyicons.com
http://www.arduino.cc
2nd Order RC Filter
Coding
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Adapted code to disable built-in interrupt in
PWM digital signal
Converting to hexadecimal and acquiring
appropriate sample rate
Incorporating user interface
o
LCD and push buttons
http://www.hdwallpapersdepot.com
Design Solution
http://www.cooking-hacks.com
http://www.sainsmart.com
http://www.alkalinebatteries.us
http://www.usbgeek.com
Available Signals
1. Normal EKG
2. Bradycardia
3. Tachycardia
4. Ventricular Bigeminy
5. Slow Alternating Ventricular Bigeminy
6. Rapid Alternating Ventricular Bigeminy
7. Bidirectional Systoles
8. Arterial Blood Pressure
9. Normal Resting Respiration
10.Obstructed Respiration
11.Hypoventilation
12.Temperature (37oC)
Testing Data
•
Verification
o
•
o
Filter must have a cut-off of 7.0 +/- 0.5 kHz (76.9 +/- 6.2
dB)
Approx. 5x larger than highest frequency we output
Difficulty in validation
http://statistically-funny.blogspot.com
Benefits of This Design
Market
Patient Simulators Needed
Notes
Biomedical Engineering
Programs
3500
514 programs nationwide
totaling approximately 9800
students
Biotech Engineering
Programs
2500
181 programs nationwide
totaling approximately
6900 students
Developing Nations (via
DWB)
1000
22,000 doctors, nurses,
logisticians, and other
medical staff serving and
treating over 8,500,000
patients in 67 countries
Future Device Improvements
•
Power
o
•
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•
o
On/Off Switch
Casing (Battery Access)
Scroll
o
...delay
Digital Pin 6
EKG Leads
o
The more the merrier
Clipart by 3poD http://clipartof.com/16379
Future Device Direction
Projected Growth by 2014
Market
Simulators
Needed
Income (at $125 Manufacturing Total Revenue
per simulator) Cost (at $35 per
simulator)
Biomedical Engineering
Programs
5200
$650,000
$182,000
$468,000
Biotech Engineering
Programs
3700
$462,500
$129,500
$333,000
Developing Nations (via
DWB)
1250
$156,250
$43,750
$112,500
Total
10150
$1,268,750
$355,250
$913,500
http://www.theiia.org/intAuditor/m
edia/images/forward.png
Conclusions
•
Functional Arduino-Based Patient Simulator
12 available signals
o LCD/button user interface
o Versatile banana clip outputs
o Standalone, Powered by 9 volt alkaline battery
o
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Total Component Cost of Final Simulator:
~$35
Lessons Learned
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Breadboarding
PCB & Casing Fabrication
Arduino Coding
Improved Oscilloscope
Proficiency
Project Management
Troubleshooting
....and how to make PIE!
Acknowledgements
University of Louisville,
Department of Bioengineering
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Mentors - Mr. Tommy Roussel, Dr. Darren Brey, and Dr.
Andre Gobin
Preliminary PCB Design - Dr. Martin O'Toole
PCB Fabrication - Doug Jackson
Acrylic Casing Fabrication - Scott Cambron
Ordering Components - Connie York
https://louisville.edu/spee
d/bioengineering/faculty/s
mallervitruveanguysmallc
opy.gif/image_mini