Calibrators for EV Charge
Stations
Jeff Gust
Chief Corporate Metrologist
Fluke Corp.
©2013 Fluke Corporation
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Introduction to Fluke
• Fluke was founded in 1948 by
John Fluke Sr.
• Headquarters in Everett, WA
• Acquired by Danaher in 1998
• First of many acquisitions in the
Test and Measurement Market
• Gross Revenue in 2011
approximately $1B
Fluke’s 1st product
VAW meter
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Fluke at the top of the pyramid
Typical Calibration Hierarchy
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NIST DCV Lab
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PG9607 in PTB Laboratory
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Current Trends
• Free travel along I-5, Tesla to
open 27 supercharger
stations this summer.
• For the first time ever, a PEV
was named 2013 Motor Trend
Car of the Year.
• Blink charging stations to
charge $5 for one charge to
members and $8 for one
charge to non members.
• Walgreens set to open 800
EV charging stations this year
and will be charging $1-2 per
hour.
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Tesla Supercharger Stations Today
*Tesla Official Website
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Predicted Tesla Supercharger Stations in
2015
*Tesla Official Website
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EV adoption in the world
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Current State
• 6,268 public electric charge stations in United States today.
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EV Market Projection
©2013 Fluke Corporation
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1.8M PEVs in US
and 3.8 M PEVs
worldwide by
2020.
•
PEV Market to
grow 40% CAGR
while vehicle
market to grow by
2%.
•
US leader in PEV
market with 46%
share in BEV and
70% in PHEV.
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Need for Calibrators
• Growth in EV adoption has made state authorities realize
the need for creating standards for electrical vehicle
charging stations.
• NIST U.S. National Work Group (USNWG) formed to
develop standards for EVSE (EV Supply Equipment) and to
ensure that the prescribed methodologies and standards
are traceable to the International System of Units (SI)
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Major Areas of Concerns for USNWG
• Develop a standard Method of Sale for electrical energy as
KWH.
oBased on KWH usage
oNIST HB 130
• Address legal metrology requirements to address
equipments used in EV refueling system.
oNIST HB 44 to have the specifications tolerances and other
technical requirements that electric charging stations must meet.
• Create test procedure and traceable field testing.
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Discussion
• There will be a need for an instrument that can calibrate
electric charge stations.
• Calibration required irrespective of whether charge stations
are free or fee based.
• Calibration required to make sure that the person charging
the EV gets value through charging.
©2013 Fluke Corporation
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Challenges
• Calibration Standards
• Charging Station Conformance
• Training
• Education/Outreach
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Calibration Standards Traceability
• SI/NIST
• Fluke Standards
• Fluke Calibrator
for calibrators
• Fluke Calibrators
©2013 Fluke Corporation
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Calibration Standards - What does
Industry want?
• Calibration standard is a more
accurate meter to monitor in line
with charging station?
• Calibration standard is a source
device where it would be
necessary to disconnect the power
source and connect in?
• It would be desirable to be able to
interface calibration standard
safely to any type of plug from the
charging station
• Intrinsically Safe?
http://www.fluke.com/fluke/usen/solutions/intrinsically-safe/default.htm
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Charging Station Conformance
• Transformer – usually an integral part of the meter station
• Meter – Acceptance tolerance = 1%, so a calibration
standard would need to be 0.3% to 0.25%
• Load Testing – need to be able to apply a load that test at
0.5 Amps
• Power Factor test – tough test, would require a source
where the phase between the voltage and current to the
meter
• KWH – energy (Joules or KWH) depends on time,
standards do not contain performance verification of timer
circuitry
©2013 Fluke Corporation
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Training
• The present Weights and Measures community would
require training on:
• Electrical concepts
• Safety – (segregation of gasoline and electrical standards)
• Test procedures with calibration standards
©2013 Fluke Corporation
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Education/Outreach
• Both charging station manufacturers and
organizations/entrepreneurs installing stations need to be
educated on the legal metrology aspect of electric vehicle
chargers
• Need to communicate legal metrology requirements to
manufacturers
• Many have no accuracy specifications
• Some Manufacturer’s accuracy specifications do not meet
Handbook 44 and 130 requirements
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