Interconnection Protection
Issues
Protection related problems in the
distribution systems due to presence
of Distributed Generation
Problems when a fault occurs …
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Islanding
Overvoltages
Ferroresonance
Loss of synchronism
Loss of Coordination
Sympathetic Trippings
Islanding
• “A condition in which a portion of the utility
system that contains both load and distributed
resources remains energized while isolated
from the remainder utility system” – IEEE Std.
100-2000
• Technical and legal concerns when Distributed
Generation supply abnormal voltage and
frequency to the utility customers
Overvoltages
Ferroresonance
Out of Synchronism
• Between automatic reclosing intervals, the
DGs may no longer be in synchronism with the
utility
• Closing in out of sync generator can result in
severe personal and equipment damage
Loss of Coordination
Sympathetic Trippings
Protection Example
References
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A. Zamani, T. Sidhu, and A. Yazdani, "A strategy for protection coordination in radial distribution networks with
distributed generators," in Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2010 IEEE, 2010, pp. 1-8.
S. A. M. Javadian, M. R. Haghifam, M. Fotuhi Firoozabad, and S. M. T. Bathaee, "Analysis of protection system’s risk
in distribution networks with DG," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 44, pp. 688-695,
1// 2013.
K. Kauhaniemi and L. Kumpulainen, "Impact of distributed generation on the protection of distribution networks,"
in Developments in Power System Protection, 2004. Eighth IEE International Conference on, 2004, pp. 315-318
Vol.1.
R. F. Arritt and R. C. Dugan, "Distributed generation interconnection transformer and grounding selection," in
Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008
IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-7.
P. Barker, "Overvoltage considerations in applying distributed resources on power systems," in Power Engineering
Society Summer Meeting, 2002 IEEE, 2002, pp. 109-114 vol.1.
C. J. Mozina, "Impact of Green Power Distributed Generation," Industry Applications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 16, pp.
55-62, 2010.
"IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants," IEEE Std 141-1993, pp. 1-768,
1994.
G. Dalke, A. Baum, B. Bailey, J. M. Daley, B. Duncan, J. Fischer, et al., "Risks From Utility Supply Disruption,"
Industry Applications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 17, pp. 47-56, 2011.
D. A. Tziouvaras and H. Daqing, "Out-of-step protection fundamentals and advancements," in Protective Relay
Engineers, 2004 57th Annual Conference for, 2004, pp. 282-307.
Distributed Generation Technical Interconnection Requirements," Hydro One, 2011