Princeton University
December 1, 2010
High-Speed Rail Around the World
and the Shinkansen
Kunihiro Kondo
Senior Chief Engineer
Central Japan Railway Company (JRC)
1
U.S. DoT National High-Speed Rail Plan
Today’s Discussion
• Overview of HSR around the world; including in the U.S.
• Overview of the Tokaido Shinkansen
– CJR and the Tokaido Shinkansen
– About Shinkansen System
• Impact of HSR on society
• Future Prospect
– Deploy N 700-I into international market
– SCMAGLEV
• Conclusion
Today’s Discussion
• Overview of HSR around the world; including in the U.S.
• Overview of the Tokaido Shinkansen
– CJR and the Tokaido Shinkansen
– About Shinkansen System
• Impact of HSR on society
• Future Prospect
– Deploy N 700-I into international market
– SCMAGLEV
• Conclusion
World High-Speed Rail Network
• The definition of High-Speed Rail (HSR)
– UIC and EC Directive
• 250 km/h(156m/h) : new tacks
• 200 km/h (125m/h) : existing tracks
– The United States FRA
• 180 km/h (110m/h)
• World network (V > 250 km/h)
– 13.714 km of lines in operation
– 10.481 km of lines under construction
– 17.579 km of lines planned
August 2010
HSR Systems Around the World
V > 250 km/h in operation
V < 200 km/h in operation
High-Sspeed in project
High-Speed Rail In Europe
Oulu
Tampere
Situation as at 04.2010
Oslo
St.Petersburg
Helsinki
Turku
6161km(201
0)
Tallinn
Stockholm
Göteborg
Riga
Edinburgh
Glasgow
v > 250 km/h
Moskva
Gdansk
Hamburg
Dublin
v > 250 km/h Planned
Minsk
Amsterdam
Berlin
Poznan
Hannover
London
Bristol
Brux
17000km
(2025)
Vilnius
Kobenhavn
Warszawa
Köln
180 < v < 250 km/h
Praha
Katowice
Fkft
Lux
Nürnberg
Paris
Wien
Strasbg
Other lines
Bratislava
Budapest
München
Nantes
Kiev
Krakow
Zürich
Chisinau
Ljubljana
Lyon
Information given by the Railways
Coruña
UIC - High-Speed
Vitoria
Sofia
Marseille
Podgorica
Roma
Valladolid
Barcelona
Madrid
Bucuresti
Sarajevo
Nice
Zaragoza
Porto
Beograd
Bologna
Torino
Toulouse
Vigo
Milano
Zagreb
Bordeaux
Napoli
Salerno
Skopje
Istanbul
Tirana
Thessaloniki
Ankara
Bursa
Sivas
Valencia
Konya
Lisboa
Alicante
Sevilla
Málaga
Athinai
Izmir
Kayseri
High-Speed Rail In Europe
France 1981: 1872km 320km/h
Italy 1981: 923km 300km/h
YouTubeFrHighSpeedRecord
Spain 1991: 1604km 300km/h
Germany 1991: 1285km 300km/h
High Speed Rail in Japan
1964- 2452km 300km/h
Series N700
Series E2
High-Speed Rail in Asia
South Korea 2009- 235km 250km/h
China 2008- 3529km 350km/h
Taiwan 2007- 345km 300km/h
10
High-Speed Rail in the U.S.
Acela Express
(AMTRAK)
Inauguration : 2000.12
Line : Northeast Corridor (existing line), Washington DC – Boston 735km
Top Speed: 150 mph (240 km/h)
Average speed: 70 mph (110 km/h)
Configuration: 1 power car + 6 cars + 1 power car, 304 seats
Annual Passengers : 300,000 (2008)
2024
2021
2018
2015
2012
2009
2006
2003
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
1970
1967
1964
Kilometers of Track
Expected Evolution of the Global HSR Network
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Today’s Discussion
• Overview of HSR around the world; including in the U.S.
• Overview of the Tokaido Shinkansen
– CJR and the Tokaido Shinkansen
– About Shinkansen System
• Impact of HSR on society
• Future Prospect
– Deploy N 700-I into international market
– SCMAGLEV
• Conclusion
Central Japan Railway Company (JRC)
• Operates the Tokaido Shinkansen,
high-speed rail linking Japan’s most
populous cities—Tokyo, Nagoya,
Kyoto and Osaka
• Operates conventional rail in the
Central Japan area
Tokaido Shinkansen
Kyoto
Osaka
Nagoya
Tokyo
Tokyo-Osaka:
320 miles
Tokaido Shinkansen: Tokyo—Osaka HSR
• The world’s FIRST high-speed rail
– Operational since 1964 (*French TGV since 1981, German ICE
since 1991)
• Remains the leading high-speed rail in the world today
Series 0 (1964)
1st Generation
130 mph
Series N700 (2007)
5th Generation
168mph, Sanyo 188mph
Travel Time: Tokyo—Osaka
Travel Time
(hours)
Tokyo - Osaka 320miles
Commencement of Operation
(130mph)
7 6:30
6
Series 0
Series 100
Series 300 (168mph)
Series 700
5
4
3
2
1
4:00
3:10
2:56
2:52
2:30
2:25
△59%
Debut of Series N700
(168mph, Sanyo 188mph)
Deployment of SCMAGLEV
(310mph)
1:00
Tokaido Shinkansen Operational Data (FY2010.3)
Total daily number of trains
Trains per hour capacity from Tokyo
Average daily passenger ridership
Yearly passenger ridership
Average annual delay per train
Accident-related fatalities
*1 Including extra services
*2 Including delays due to uncontrollable
causes, such as natural disasters
17
341*1
13
378,000
138M
30 seconds*2
Zero
Keys to Success
• Totally new design concept to ensure the
safety in HSR operation
• Total system approach through the
integrated management of hardware &
software
• Continuous innovation through
introduction of new technologies
18
Totally New Design Concept
• The Shinkansen System design is based on a totally
new design concept to ensure safety in HSR by
eliminating operational risk.
• The fundamental element is,
– A dedicated, closed passenger rail system with full grade
separations as well as segregation of passenger and freight
traffic
• This allows us to not compromise on:
– other traffic
– traditional standard on conventional railways
– introducing new ideas into system
Why are dedicated tracks needed?
Mixed
tracks :
!!
Dedicated
tracks :
20
The Shinkansen: A Total System Approach
The Shinkansen is a Total HSR System. Not just combination of hardware
(e.g.,rolling stock, ground facilities and tracks, signal system ”ATC” etc)
The safety and the high quality of the Tokaido Shinkansen is enabled by the
integrated management of the system’s hardware and software.
Total System Approach of
the “High-Speed Railway System”
Hardware
- Rolling stock
- Ground facilities and tracks
- Signal system “ATC”
Software
- Safety promotion structure
- Employee Education and Aptitude
- Maintenance
(onboard and ground facilities)
- Disaster prevention facilities
- Protective facilities
21
- Operation management
22
Transition of Tokaido Shinkansen Rolling Stock
1964
1985
1992
Early series rolling stock
- Steel car body
- Conventional bogie
- DC motor drive
1999
2007
New generation rolling stock
Substantial reduction in the weight of rolling stock and
introduction of the latest power electronics
technologies
- Aluminum alloy carbody
- Bolsterless bogie
- Asynchronous motor drive (VVVF control)
- Regenerative brake
Series 0
Series 100
Series 300
Series 700
Series N700
972t
(2,142kips)
925t
(2,039kips)
711t
(1,580kips)
708t
(1,567kips)
715t
(1,576kips)
Reduction in weight (traction motor)
Series 100
Series N700
DC motor
Asynchronous motor
Weight
830 kg
390 kg
Output
230 kW
305 kW
24
Komaki Research Center
Real Scale Test Structure
The Facilities Building A
Track & Structural
Dynamics Simulator
Test Track
Test Facilities Building C
 Opened July 2002
Ground
area
Employees
Site area: Approx. 73ha
Use area: Approx. 20ha
Research & Development Division:
Approx. 120
Planning & Project Division:
Approx. 30
Today’s Discussion
• Overview of HSR around the world; including in the U.S.
• Overview of the Tokaido Shinkansen
– CJR and the Tokaido Shinkansen
– About Shinkansen System
• Impact of HSR on society
• Future Prospect
– Deploy N 700-I into international market
– SCMAGLEV
• Conclusion
Impact of Shinkansen on Society
• Economic Growth
• Connects Communities
• Regional Development
• “Green” (Environmentally Friendly)
Economic Growth
Unit: ¥ trillion (for GDP), 100 million passenger-kilometers (for Ridership)
600
GDP
500
400
300
Ridership
200
100
0
(FY)
1964
1970
1980
1990
2000
27
2009
Connecting Communities
Hakata
Osaka
Tokyo
Tokyo
Hakata
After Tokaido & Sanyo
Shinkansen opened
Ref: A GENERALIZED SOLUTION OF TIME-DISTANCE MAPPING, E. Shimizu et al. Univ. of Tokyo, 2004
Regional Development
Shin-Yokohama Station
1964
2010
Immediately after inauguration
Today
Introducing HSR promotes development of the areas around the stations.
30
Regional Development
Shinagawa Station
1995
Before opening
Shinagawa Station
Shinagawa Station opened at 2003
2010
Shinagawa Station today
31
“Green” – Environmentally Friendly
Comparison of Energy Consumption
per Passenger Seat
Series N700
“Nozomi”
Basis
(90MJ/seat)
Airplane
(B777-200)
8times
(770MJ/seat)
Comparison of CO2 emissions
per Passenger Seat
Series N700
“Nozomi”
Basis
(4.4kg-CO2/seat)
Airplane
(B777-200)
12times
(52kg-CO2/seat)
Source: Calculation based on running performance (JR Central figures)Series N700 "Nozomi" (Tokyo~Shin-Osaka)
:JR Central calculations with reference to ANA CSR Report 2009
Today’s Discussion
• Overview of HSR around the world; including in the U.S.
• Overview of the Tokaido Shinkansen
– CJR and the Tokaido Shinkansen
– About Shinkansen System
• Impact of HSR on society
• Future Prospect
– Deploy N 700-I into international market
– SCMAGLEV
• Conclusion
“N700-I Bullet” for International Markets
• JRC offers the “N700-I Bullet” for sale to international markets
“N700-I Bullet” at
205 mph cruising speed
• “N700-I Bullet”: based on proven “N700 Bullet” technology
• Configuration is flexible—can adjust from 6 to 16 cars
Superconducting MAGLEV (SCMAGLEV)
• Revolutionary levitated transport system
• World’s fastest train
o Recorded manned speed:
361 mph
o Planned commercial operation: 310 mph
• Running test on Yamanashi test line(1997〜）
o Cumulative distance travelled: >800,000km
• Practical commercial application established
YouTube
Fastest
The Tokaido Shinkansen Bypass Project
Increased speed will reduce
travel time between Tokyo
and Nagoya from 95 to 40
minutes.
Tokyo
Yamanashi
Maglev Test
Line (42.8km)
Nagoya
Tokaido Shinkansen 515 km
Tokaido Shinkansen Bypass
Osaka
(
Aiming for operation launch by 2027 )
Yamanashi Maglev Test Line (priority section)
35
Yamanashi Maglev Test Line
Conclusions
• HSR is booming globally and soon the U.S. will realize
true high-speed rail !?
• The Tokaido Shinkansen is the leading HSR in the world
and the critical keys to its success are:
– Totally New Design Concept
– Total System Approach
– Continuous innovation
• HSR has enormous impacts on the society
• Next HSR system: JRC is developing its SCMGLEV -the most innovative and transformational mode of
transportation in the world.
36
37
JRC in the United States
• U.S.-Japan High-Speed Rail (USJHSR)
– U.S. company teamed with JRC to market and deploy the N700-I
Bullet Train internationally, including in the U.S.
– Founded in association with JRC in 2009 and is headquartered
in Washington, DC.
• U.S.-Japan MAGLEV (USJMAGLEV)
– U.S. company teamed with JRC to market and deploy its
Superconducting MAGLEV technology internationally, including
in the U.S.
– Founded in association with JRC in 2009
– Headquartered in Washington, DC
38