EVOLUTION
TOWARDS
PERFORMANCE
BASED NAVIGATION
AND INCREASED
OPERATIONAL
FLEXIBILITY
WORLDWIDE
ALAIN BELANGER
MANAGER
PRODUCT PLANNING
MARCH 12, 2013
1
We continue to enhance
industry presence
We are expanding our involvement in
the civil aerospace and aviation
industry by engaging and supporting
industry associations, regulatory
agencies, government bodies on policy
and regulatory developments
BOMBARDIER CNS/ATM LEADERSHIP
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, MANUFACTURER ASSOCIATIONS
 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
 GANIS symposium in Sept 2011
 PBN Workshop in Oct 2012
 ANC Conference in Nov 2012 (member of 3 delegations)
 International Coordinating Council of Aerospace Industries Associations (ICCAIA)
 CNS/ATM Committee
 General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA)
 Technical Policy Committee
 Flight Operations Policy Committee
 Avionics & Electronic Systems Subcommittee
 Aerospace Industries Association of America (AIA)
 Air Transportation Services Committee
3
BOMBARDIER CNS/ATM LEADERSHIP
BUSINESS JET OPERATOR ASSOCIATIONS
 International Business Aviation Council (IBAC)
 Member of CNS/ATM Working Group
 Hosted WG meeting in April 2012
 National Business Aviation Association (NBAA)
 International Operators Conference Planning Committee (IOC)
 Access Committee
4
AGENDA
5
1
DEFINITIONS & ROADMAP
2
EN ROUTE & TERMINAL RNAV/RNP BENEFITS
3
RNAV (GNSS)/(RNP) APPROACHES & BENEFITS
4
RNAV (GNSS)/(RNP) APPROACHES WORLDWIDE DEPLOYMENT
PERFORMANCE BASED
NAVIGATION
DEFINITIONS &
ROADMAP
ANNUAL
CONFERENCE
MARCH 12, 2013
6
VISION FLIGHT DECK
PERFORMANCE BASED NAVIGATION (PBN)
 Safety
MAIN OBJECTIVES
Foster GNSS based
navigation, including
SBAS, GBAS and
GRAS augmentation
systems and
introduction of Galileo
, modernization of GPS
and GLONASS, etc…
Reduce the need to
maintain sensorspecific routes and
procedures, and their
associated costs
PBN
7
Source: ICAO
Facilitate more
efficient use of
airspace (route
placement, fuel
efficiency, noise
abatement, etc.)
 Capacity
 Efficiency
 Environment
 Access
Simplify the
operational approval
process for operators
by providing a limited
set of navigation
specifications for
global use
PERFORMANCE BASED NAVIGATION – RNAV/RNP
Evolving PBN worldwide for optimized airspace utilization
PBN
Roadmap
(e.g. Advanced
RNP, 4D
trajectories)
8
PBN – RNAV & RNP CURRENT SPECIFICATIONS
TERMINAL & EN ROUTE
PBN
RNAV
RNAV 5&10
“En Route”
5 - Continental
Airways
10- Oceanic &
Remote
Areas
RNP
RNAV 1&2
“Terminal”
RNP 4
“Oceanic &
Remote Areas”
SID
Airways
STAR
B-RNP-1
SID
STAR
RNP APCH
(Basic)
RNP AR
RNAV(GNSS)
RNAV (RNP)
LNAV
(GPS-NPA)
= 0.3
LNAV/VNAV
(APV baro)
< 0.3
LP
LPV (APV
SBAS/EGNOS)
9
Source: ICAO
PBN – ICAO ROADMAP
RNAV & RNP
10
Source: ICAO
PBN – RNP ADVANCED (BEING DEFINED)
ALL PHASES OF FLIGHT
 Description:
 All-encompassing navigation specification
addressing all phases of flight to maximise the
benefit and to minimise cost to operators in
gaining operational approval
 Advanced RNP benefit objectives:
 Increasing flight efficiency and overall
efficiency of the ATM system
 Providing greater flexibility in placing ATS
Routes, SIDS and STARS where most
convenient
 Enable more optimized RNAV 1 or RNAV 5
routes
 Routes can be placed where they better suit
aircraft performance
 Opens more optimized flight paths with noise
footprint reduction
11
Source: EUROCONTROL
PBN – 4D TRAJECTORY (BEING DEFINED)
TERMINAL & EN ROUTE
 Description of 4DTRAD:
 Data Communication Supporting 4D Trajectory
Concept (4DTRAD) is based on a number of
basic operational and environmental conditions
as well as ground capability for the expected
time of applicability of the Service
 4DTRAD benefit goals:
 Better flight efficiency flight profile and fuel
burn optimisation as a result of:
o
Early agreement with the Flight Crew on
the trajectory to be flown
o
Leaving the decision on the best way to
meet the constraints with the flight crew
 Enhanced flight efficiency by early notification
of arrival requirements, airborne and on ground,
to reduce the need for severe sequencing
measures
 Increased predictability of the real trajectory
that will be flown and of the arrival time will
allow better planning
12
Source: EUROCONTROL
PERFORMANCE BASED
NAVIGATION
EN ROUTE &
TERMINAL RNAV/RNP
BENEFITS
ANNUAL
CONFERENCE
MARCH 12, 2013
13
© Bombardier Inc. (All Rights Reserved)
PBN – RNAV 1 & 2 “TERMINAL”
SID & STAR – PRECISION RNAV (P-RNAV)
 Description:
 RNAV based Standard Instrument Departure
(SID) and Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR)
procedures
 Provides greater consistency in SID &
STAR procedures design
 Allows terminal airspace routes that best
meet the needs of airport/ATC/pilot alike
 Facilitates more direct routes with simple
connections to the en-route structure
 Helps routes design considering
environmental issues e.g. by-pass
densely populated areas
 Enhances arrival and departure streams
segregation, thus reducing
pilot/controller workload
14
Source: EUROCONTROL & France Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
PBN – RNAV 5 “EN ROUTE”
CONTINENTAL AIRWAYS – BASIC RNAV (B-RNAV)
 Description:
 Navigation method allowing aircraft
operations on any desired flight path within
controlled airspace
 Improved management in traffic flow
 More efficient use of available airspace
with more flexible ATS route structure
by providing:
 More direct routes (dual or parallel)
 Bypass routes for high-density terminal areas
 Alternative or contingency routes (planned or
an ad hoc)
 Optimum locations for holding patterns
 Optimized feeder routes
 Reduction in flight distances resulting in
fuel savings
 Reduction in the number of ground
navigation facilities
15
Source: EUROCONTROL
PBN – RNP 10 “EN ROUTE”
© Bombardier Inc. (All Rights Reserved)
OCEANIC & REMOTE AREAS
 Description:
 Reduced lateral separation 50 nm between
aircraft
 Denser traffic capacity over oceanic and
remote area due to:
 Reduced separation between aircraft
 Primarily for RNAV routes but permitted on nonRNAV routes in some areas
 Possible time & fuel savings
 Word areas with “50 NM” lateral
separation reduction benefits:
 North Pacific (NOPAC)
 West Atlantic Route System (WATRS) and parts of
the San Juan and Miami Oceanic Control Areas
 Many more worldwide
 Note: Operational approval required
© Bombardier Inc. (All Rights Reserved)
16
Source: EUROCONTROL & FAA
PBN – RNP 4 “EN ROUTE” (FANS 1/A EQPT)
© Bombardier Inc. (All Rights Reserved)
OCEANIC & REMOTE AREAS
 Description:
 Reduced separation 30/30 nm between aircraft
thru enhanced communication with ATC
 Increased airspace capacity and fuel
efficient route access due to:
 Reduced separation between aircraft
 Access to upcoming RNP 4 dedicated routes
 No altitude loss when crossing to other
aircraft tracks
 More efficient ATC to pilot
communication thru SATCOM CPDLC
 Required to fly FL360-390 North- Atl.
OTS tracks since Feb 2013 (except for 2
Core Tracks)
 RNP 4 dedicated tracks and region coverage
are planned to increase in Feb 2015
CDU Image © Rockwell Collins, Inc.
 Note: Operational approval required
© Bombardier Inc. (All Rights Reserved)
17
Source: EUROCONTROL & FAA
LINK 2000+ EUROCONTROL MANDATE
 Description:
 CPDLC (through VDL mode 2) supplementing
voice communication between pilots and
ATCs
 Required to fly in European airspace
above FL285 in Feb 2013 (new aircraft)1
or Feb 2015 (in-service aircraft)2
 Increased communication efficiency and
reduced pilot workload
 Will increase European airspace air
traffic management (ATM) capacity by
automating routine tasks whilst
improving safety
CDU Image © Rockwell Collins, Inc.
(1) A/C certificate of airworthiness after Dec 2010
(2) A/C certificate of airworthiness prior to Jan 2011
18
Source: EUROCONTROL
BOMBARDIER CONFIDENTIAL
FANS 1/A+ VS LINK 2000+ (1 OF 2)
FANS 1/A+
 ADS-C & SATCOM CPDLC
 VDL mode 2 CPDLC
 Primarily for oceanic & remote
airspace navigation (RNP 4 Ops)
 En route continental Europe
(above FL 285)
 Inmarsat or Iridium safety services
communication
 No service providers required for
VHF Datalink communication
 Interfaces with FMS for flight plan
modifications
vs
 No FMS interface for flight plan
modifications
 183 uplinks & 81 downlinks message
set
 63 uplinks & 26 downlinks message
set
 FANS 1/A+(1) includes VHF coverage (+)
 Link 2000+ CPDLC is a subset of
the larger ATN message set
 RNP 4 Ops approval required
19
LINK 2000+
Source: EUROCONTROL
(1) Permanent EUROCONTROL Link2000+ equipage exemption
can be obtained if FANS 1/A+ is installed and if RNP 4 ops
approval is obtained prior to Jan 2014
FANS 1/A+ VS LINK 2000+ (2 OF 2)
MESSAGES SET DIFFERENCES
FANS 1/A+
LINK 2000+
Um 20* : CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN [altitude]
To communicate an equivalent message
on Link 2000+:
um 20 :
+ um 165 :
+ um 19 :
CLIMB TO [level]
THEN
MAINTAIN [level]
vs
CDU Image © Rockwell Collins, Inc.
CDU Image © Rockwell Collins, Inc.
Equivalent messages set (not exactly the same) but different procedures
(*) UM :Uplink Message (from ATC to pilot)
20
PERFORMANCE BASED
NAVIGATION
RNAV (GNSS)/(RNP)
APPROACHES &
BENEFITS
ANNUAL
CONFERENCE
MARCH 12, 2013
21
RNAV (GNSS) APPROACHES
≥ 350 ft MDA
≥ 400 ft MDA
22
LNAV – NON-PRECISION APPROACH (NPA)
LATERAL NAVIGATION (LNAV)
 Description:
 GNSS approach that uses GPS and/or EGNOS for
lateral navigation only with no descent guidance –
Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) down to 400 ft
typically
 Alternative to other NPA’s using
conventional NAVAIDs such as:
 Localizer
 VOR – VHF Omnidirectional Range
 NDB – Non-Directional Beacon
 DME – Distance Measuring Equipment
MDA = 630 ft
 Etc…
 No dependence on any airport NAVAIDs
 Access to airports without or
inoperative NAVAID infrastructures
23
Sources: EUROCONTROL and UK NATS AIS
LNAV/VNAV – NPA APPROACH
LATERAL/VERTICAL NAVIGATION (LNAV/VNAV)
 Description:
 GNSS approach with lateral GPS and/or EGNOS
guidance and vertical guidance from barometric
altimeter – typical Decision Altitude (DA) down to
350 ft
DA = 510 ft
24
Sources: EUROCONTROL and UK NATS AIS
 Same benefits as LNAV approaches
 DA typically slightly lower than LNAV
MDA due to added vertical guidance
LP – NPA APPROACH
LOCALIZER PERFORMANCE (LP)
 Description:
 GNSS NPA approach uses the EGNOS precision
of LPV for lateral guidance (tapered) and
barometric altimeter data for vertical guidance.
MDA can be as low as 300 ft
MDA = 436 ft
25
Source: EUROCONTROL & NAVAIR.com
 An alternative to LPV or LNAV
approaches
 Provides better airport access where,
due to obstacles or other infrastructure
limitations, a vertically guided approach
(LPV or LNAV/VNAV) can not be
published
LPV – PRECISION APPROACH
LOCALIZER PERFORMANCE WITH VERTICAL GUIDANCE (LPV)
 Description:
 GNSS precision approach with electronic glide
path using EGNOS lateral (40m lateral limit) &
vertical guidance. Decision Altitude (DA) can be
as low as 200-300 ft
 Alternative to Cat I approaches
 No dependence on any airport NAVAIDs
 Precision approach capability at airports
without ILS infrastructures or with ILS
inoperative
 Smoother glide path descent than ILS
 EGNOS usage eliminates:
 Cold temperature effects
 Incorrect altimeter settings
 Lack of local altimeter source
DA = 590 ft
26
Sources: EUROCONTROL and UK NATS AIS
RNP AR (0.3 OR < 0.3) – APPROACH
REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE (RNP) AUTHORIZATION REQUIRED (AR)
 Description:
 GNSS approach procedure that requires
maintaining a specific lateral & vertical accuracy
 Operators need to comply with specified
additional certification, approval and training
requirements
 Better access to terrain challenged
airports and/or in congested airspace
area
 Efficiency of operations (faster landing
clearance)
 Shorter routes & fuel savings
 Typically continuous descent
approaches
 Departure procedures at higher MTOW
at airports with challenging terrain
 Note: Operational approval required
© Bombardier Inc. (All Rights Reserved)
© Bombardier Inc. (All Rights Reserved)
© Bombardier Inc. (All Rights Reserved)
27
Source: EUROCONTROL
INNSBRUCK – RNP AR 0.3 & 0.15 APPROACHES
RNAV (RNP) – INSTRUMENT APPROACH CHART (IAC)
RNP 0.15 has a DA 100 ft
lower than RNP 0.3
28
Source: Austro Control AIP
Minimum equipment/
conditions to execute the
approach
INNSBRUCK – RNP AR 0.3 DEPARTURE
RNAV (RNP) – STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE CHART (SID)
RNP 0.3 SID procedure
Minimum equipment/conditions
to execute the departure
29
Source: Austro Control AIP
OPS APPROVAL INFO
AVAILABLE OPERATIONAL APPROVAL GUIDANCE MATERIAL
 P-NAV:
 Form SRG1815 – Application for P-RNAV Operational Approval or Renewal
 RNP 10:
 Form CA4040 – Application for an RVSM, MNPS or RNP-10 Operational Approval/ Renewal
&
 RNP 4:
 EASA AMC to be developed
 Meanwhile, Application for EASA Type 2 LoA using JAA PP045 Information Paper (RNP 4)
for guidance
 RNAV (RNP) approaches & SIDs:
 Application for EASA Type 2 LoA per AMC 2026 (Airworthiness Approval and Operational
Criteria for RNP AR Operations)
30
VISION FLIGHT DECK
PERFORMANCE BASED
NAVIGATION
RNAV (GNSS)/(RNP)
APPROACHES
WORLDWIDE
DEPLOYMENT
ANNUAL
CONFERENCE
MARCH 12, 2013
31
RNAV (GPS)/(RNP) APPROACHES
32
In Service
Future Plans
Type
In Service
Future Plans
LPV
52
180
LPV
124
41+
LP
0
TBD
LP
0
TBD
LNAV
600
TBD
LNAV
196
96+
LNAV/VNAV
23
TBD
LNAV/VNAV
98
TBD
RNP AR
22
TBD
RNP AR
7
TBD
Type
In Service
Future Plans
Type
In Service
Future Plans
LPV
3,055
~70/yr
LPV
0
TBD
LP
413
~35/yr
LP
0
TBD
LNAV
5,619
~2/yr
LNAV
22
TBD
LNAV/VNAV
2,939
~35/yr
LNAV/VNAV
32
TBD
RNP AR
354
~40/yr
RNP AR
8
TBD
Type
In Service
Future Plans
Type
In Service
Future Plans
LPV
0
TBD
LPV
0
TBD
LP
0
TBD
LP
0
TBD
LNAV
146
179+
LNAV
554
TBD
LNAV/VNAV
45
171+
LNAV/VNAV
82
TBD
RNP AR
22
TBD
RNP AR
42
TBD
Middle-East
Europe
Type
Asia
Latin America
USA
Canada
PUBLISHED PROCEDURES WORLDWIDE DEPLOYMENT INFO
Sources: EUROCONTROL, ESSP, ICAO, FAA, GE Aviation, Honeywell & 25+ Countries AIP
RNAV (GPS)/(RNP) APPROACHES
EUROPEAN PUBLISHED PROCEDURES DEPLOYMENT BREAKDOWN
Airports with LPV procedures
More Active
European
Countries
LPV
LP
LNAV
LNAV/VNAV
RNP AR
I-S
F-P
I-S
F-P
I-S
F-P
I-S
F-P
I-S
F-P
United Kingdom
2
15
0
TBD
22
17+
8
5+
0
TBD
France
27
14
0
TBD
80
20/yr
1
TBD
0
TBD
Germany
90
7
0
TBD
82
TBD
82
TBD
0
TBD
Switzerland
2
TBD
0
TBD
1
TBD
1
TBD
0
TBD
Italy
3
TBD
0
TBD
1
TBD
0
TBD
0
TBD
Spain
0
5
0
TBD
0
TBD
0
TBD
0
TBD
Austria
0
TBD
0
TBD
8
TBD
6
TBD
3
TBD
Sweden
0
TBD
0
TBD
0
57+
0
TBD
4
TBD
Portugal
0
TBD
0
TBD
2
TBD
0
TBD
0
TBD
Total
124
41+
0
TBD
196
96+
98
5+
7
TBD
Legend: I-S= In Service
F-P= Future Plans
33
Sources: ESSP, EUROCONTROL & UK NATS AIS
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
? Q&A
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
© Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.