CHAPTER 1
Managing IT in an
E-World
1.1
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
(HARDWARE & SOFTWARE)
• PROCESSING & STORING
INFORMATION
• COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
• TRANSMITTING INFORMATION
*
1.2
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eWORLD
• ELECTRONIC WORLD
• USE OF WORLD WIDE WEB
• CHANGED RULES FOR SUCCESSFUL
BUSINESS
• KEY INDICATOR OF BUSINESS’
HEALTH
*
1.3
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(IS) ORGANIZATION
• ORGANIZATIONAL DEPARTMENT
OR UNIT
• HAS PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY FOR
MANAGING INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY (IT)
*
1.4
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
IN AN eWORLD
• COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY: Portable
technology
• COMPUTER SOFTWARE: Software
packages
• TELECOMMUNICATIONS/NETWORKING:
Global, mobile reach
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1.5
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COMPETING IN AN eWORLD
• TRADITIONAL WAYS:
– COST: Low cost producer of good or
service
– DIFFERENTIATION: Enhancing perception
of product or service
– STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
(SIS): Sales information, just-in-time
materials, better cash management
*
1.6
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COMPETING IN AN eWORLD
• NEW WAYS: USING IT CAPABILITIES
OF INTERNET
– COST EFFICIENCIES
– MASS CUSTOMIZATION
– GLOBAL REACH
*
1.7
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WORKING IN AN eWORLD
• KNOWLEDGE WORKERS: Information
& knowledge are raw materials, as well
as product of their work
• TELECOMMUTER: Workers located
outside regular offices, “commute” via
telecommunications lines
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1.8
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WORKING IN AN eWORLD
• TEAMWORK: Empowered groups able to solve
problems, make operational decisions using
computer tools such as e-mail, groupware
• ANYTIME, ANYWHERE
• ACROSS ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARIES
• VIRTUAL ORGANIZATIONS & FREE AGENTS:
Temporary alliances between organizations &
individuals. Free agent has special IT skills, works as
independent contractor free from organizational
politics
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1.9
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WORKING IN AN eWORLD
SOCIAL IMPACTS:
• JOBS: Computers cost-efficient, superior at
analyzing data, add to manager’s abilities to make
decisions
• INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY: Need to maintain privacy of
employees, customers; requires education about
policies and monitoring practices
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1.10
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WORKING IN AN eWORLD
SOCIAL IMPACTS:
• POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON SOCIETY:
–
–
–
–
Low unemployment rates
Increased government tax surpluses
Increasing gap between “haves” & “have nots”
Internet has brought access to information &
services to many
– Better healthcare
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1.11
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ROLE OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION
FIVE ERAS:
• ACCOUNTING ERA (1950-1960s)
• OPERATIONAL ERA (mid 1960s)
• INFORMATION ERA (late 1970s-mid
1980s)
• NETWORK ERA (mid 1980s on)
• INTERNET ERA (mid 1990s on)
*
1.12
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ROLE OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION
• MANAGING IT ASSETS: Technology,
relationship, human assets. Assets capture,
process, store, make available data to knowledge
workers
• IT MANAGEMENT ROLES:
– IT leaders (chief information officer).
– Other IS managers (for IS activities such as data
centers, new applications, planning,
implementing IT solutions).
1.13
*
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ROLE OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION
• IT MANAGEMENT ROLES:
– Other IS professionals
• Programmers
• Software engineers
• Systems analysts
• Database developers
• Web developers
• Local area network administrators
• Technical support providers
1.14
*
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ROLE OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION
• BUSINESS MANAGER: User of IT to
run business better. May serve as:
– Member of IT steering committee
– Sponsor or “owner” of new project
– Process or functional expert on project
team
– Participant in planning, executing
rollout of new application
1.15
*
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END-USER
• BOTH IS AND NON-IS SPECIALISTS
• MUST BECOME IT-KNOWLEDGEABLE
• CAN BE MEMBERS OF IT PROJECT
TEAMS
• EVALUATE APPLICATIONS FROM ENDUSER PERSPECTIVE
*
1.16
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CHAPTER 1
Managing IT in an
E-World
1.17
© Prentice Hall 2002