Bk Generation 90 - 95 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities Arjan van Timmeren (’94) January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 Sustainability / Sustainable Development drivers of change Global knowledge exchange, transport & ICT, geo-politics, increasing industrial competition, etc. Worldwide extensive growth in cities over the next 25 years, changing demographics, housing and industries, request for more flexibility, ‘Millennium Development Goals’, etc. Population Climate change (cf IPCC); cascading effects, stressed waterways, Urban Heat Island, demand for more resource efficiency, etc. Climate & environment Globalisation People, Institutions, Policy & Systems Community acceptance, Political will & governance Water use & management Science & technology Advanced materials, Bio & nano technology, C2C, Sensors &sensor networks (RTC), Information & communication, smart grids / context delivery architecture, Energy alternatives & recovery, etc. Energy,GHG & waste managem. Energy, CO2 and CH4 reduction, resilience & energy dependance, exergy, energy transition strategies, waste recovery, etc. water shortages, salination, retention, micro pollutants, ‘Push’ for efficient water and nutrient use (Urban & Agriculture), etc. Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 Urban Emergencies earthquakes, hurricanes/typhoons, drought/flooding, etc. 4 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 5 URBAN GROWTH Hong Kong Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 6 URBAN GROWTH Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 7 Hong Kong Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 8 Dubai, ‘the strip’ Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 10 NEC PLUS ULTRA The way we develop cities result in an a priori break from attempts to deviate from the status quo. The growth and densiDication of interdependent infrastructures that support people, information, water, materials, energy, and waste and the rigidity of current urban planning and design methodologies make our cities increasingly vulnerable & less resilient to cascading effects caused by anthropogenic climate change Dubai, Palm Island Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 12 MEGA CITIES ONLY COUNT FOR 9.9% OF URBANISATION Miami Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 13 ANTHROPOCENE ‘THE AGE OF MAN’ While cities in the west have usually dominated various measurements of urban productivity and cultural magnetism, 400 fast-­‐growing cities in developing economies are expected reshape the economic landscape by producing the majority of new wealth and absorbing the brunt of future population growth Toronto Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 14 Cities of the 21st century wield so much power that it can be concluded that, There really isn't a national economy. There's a network of metropolitan economies where countries’ talent, creativity and industry are concentrated. Towards a future with powerful city-­‐states, rather than nation-­‐states, that drive the world economy... Toronto Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 15 Planning Paradigm: INFRASTRUCTURES DRIVE (URBAN) PLANNING Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 16 Sustainability / Sustainable Development Prosperous Cities : “smart, sustainable & just” cities ... what means ‘Prosperity’ anno 2013? hard to answer due to large differences between living conditions in the world ... ... imperative is that the definition of ‘prosperity’ now, depends on the needs of future generations UN-Habitat “City Prosperity Index (2012)”, with five dimensions of prosperity : productivity, infrastructure (development), quality of life, equity and social inclusion, environmental sustainability source: UN Human Settlements Program (UN-HABITAT) , “State of the World’s Cities Report 2012/2013” Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 17 THIRD CARBON AGE The invisible hand of the market has spoken. ... but does the market truly speak for the People ? Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 18 Sustainability / Sustainable Development hydro carbon resourses & “hydro-fracking ? ... it stays a reprieve ! Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 19 Sustainability / Sustainable Development “Peak Oil” when? ... ? Fossil Fuels Luis de Souza, The Oil Drum, Luis de Souza, The Oil Drum, 2008 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 20 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 21 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 21 Sustainability / Sustainable Development U. Bardi / M. Pagani, 2007 Introduction to SUET • November14th 2013 • Environmental Technology & Design • prof.dr.ir. A.van Timmeren vrijdag 17 januari 14 22 Sustainability / Sustainable Development U. Bardi / M. Pagani, 2007 Introduction to SUET • November14th 2013 • Environmental Technology & Design • prof.dr.ir. A.van Timmeren vrijdag 17 januari 14 22 Sustainability / Sustainable Development U. Bardi / M. Pagani, 2007 Introduction to SUET • November14th 2013 • Environmental Technology & Design • prof.dr.ir. A.van Timmeren vrijdag 17 januari 14 22 Sustainability / Sustainable Development Climate Adaptation & (Social) Resilience pre-Sandy preparations for ‘Sandy’... results of ‘Sandy’... Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 24 Sustainability / Sustainable Development Climate Adaptation & (Social) Resilience pre-Sandy preparations for ‘Sandy’... post-Sandy results of ‘Sandy’... Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 24 Ecological Footprint equity ? e.g. the Dutch Ecological Footprint in terms of global hectares is 6.34, while the earth itself can only support a footprint of 1.8. That means if every human lived with the same quality of life as the average Dutch citizen, the planet would need to be 3.5 times bigger. Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 26 equity ? e.g. in Peru the Chinese company (Chinalco) bought in the summer of 2007 a mountain of 4600 meter height (named Toromocho)… for 3 billion dollar… Why? … because it resulted to contain 2 billion tonnes of Copper! Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 27 Triple P: equity : the challenges are in the developing world ... Source: World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, medium variant Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 28 Further asymmetrical growth ... will ultimately lead to autophagy Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 29 Importance of ‘communities’ & ‘street level design’ Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 30 Eco-Cities: Innovation, Integration, Information and compactness (‘interconnection’ of facilities/services) artist impression of the “Great City” (just outside Chengdu, China); ca. 80.000 inhabitants Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 31 artist impression of the “Great City” (just outside Chengdu, China) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 32 Eco-Cities: Innovation, Integration, Information and compactness (‘interconnection’ of facilities/services) artist impression of the “Great City” (just outside Chengdu, China); ca. 80.000 inhabitants Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 33 typical section through the “Great City” (with multilayered setup, integrated mobility and interconnection of facilities and services) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 34 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 35 how do you sell urban living to former farmers (ao)? ... by making it green (example of Tianjing) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 36 Masdar City,Abu Dhabi: first ‘Zero Carbon’ city of the world.? Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 37 Masdar City,Abu Dhabi: first ‘Zero Carbon’ city of the world ? Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 38 Masdar City,Abu Dhabi: first ‘Zero Carbon’ city of the world.? Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 39 Masdar City,Abu Dhabi: first ‘Zero Carbon’ city in the world ..? challenging in ambition and design... Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 40 Masdar City,Abu Dhabi: Zero-Carbon, .....however: spatial quality ... ? Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 41 Masdar City,Abu Dhabi: Zero-Carbon, .....however: spatial quality ... ? Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 42 Masdar City,Abu Dhabi: Zero-Carbon, .....however: spatial quality ... ? Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 43 Sustainable Area Development (SAD) a changing role for communities, design, construction & maintenance from: a focus on design for the masses (production) towards: a ‘re-conceptualisation’ of functional objects and areas smart and integrated-, regenerative systems self-organisation and community building (PO & CPO) designers need to re-imagine the nature of buildings, city, region and the interactions in between and between building and use(rs) ... Nieuw Leyden, Leiden Spoelwater Centrale zuiveringsvijver verzamelvijver WADI Helofytenfilter Zwartwater Grijswater Zandfilter Zwembad Oude Lek Scheidingsvat infiltratie poldersloot Drinkwater Living machine BIOGAS installatie WATERBEDRIJF storage/ mobility e.g. interconnection (Lanxmeer) e.g. layered landscapes (Eurocity / Tilt city, Paris competition entry) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 e.g. Linked Hybrid , Steven Holl 44 ‘Moving’ 2 ‘cities’ Kiruna IJssel/Vechtdelta Nijmegen Innsbruck photo by André Kuipers Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 45 The Urban Europe Project International Urban Living Lab: Kiruna, Sweden / City in transformation Image: White Architects AB (Stockholm) et al. Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 46 The Urban Europe Project: Kiruna (S.) Kiruna, Sweden (Lapland) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 47 The Urban Europe Project: Kiruna (S.) Kiruna, Sweden (Lapland) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 47 City collapse... due to Worlds largest iron Mine ... State owned Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB Kiruna, Sweden (Lapland) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 48 City collapse... due to Worlds largest iron Mine ... State owned Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB... in use 24/7 Kiruna, Sweden (Lapland) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 49 Similar effect like in case of fracking ... Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 50 Plan: Gradual transition: moving & flipping (center|periphery) Kiruna, Sweden (Lapland) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 51 Strategic approach: moving & concentrating Kiruna, Sweden (Lapland) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 54 Kiruna, Sweden (Lapland) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 56 Gradual transition: new Urbanity and ‘short in time’ (both meanings...) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 58 Kiruna, city center with train station, Sweden (Lapland) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 59 Translation to the Dutch (Delta-) context ... ‘matching’ of spatial- & adaptation tasks (disruptive change) (source: de Urbanisten, Rotterdam) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 61 Towards pro-active delta related solutions Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 62 Translation to the Dutch (Delta-) context ... ‘matching’ of spatial- & adaptation tasks (disruptive change) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 63 Multiple Layered Safety approach 3 2 1 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 64 Nijmegen; ‘Ruimte voor de Waal’ Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 66 Nijmegen; ‘Ruimte voor de Waal’ Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 67 Nijmegen; ‘Ruimte voor de Waal’ Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 68 Area surfaces Voorbeeld 3 Scope • Veur - Lent usable • Lentse kade • Waalveld • Uiterwaarden • Nevengeul 5,5 ha 3,0 ha 5,0 ha 4,5 ha 85 ha 60 ha Total ca. 160 ha. Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 69 Nijmegen; ‘Ruimte voor de Waal’ Ruimte voor de Rivier ; nieuwe nevengeul op smalste punt van de Waal (bij Nijmegen/Lent), (energie neutraal) eiland en nieuwe oeververbindingen (bron: iLent Dura Vermeer Ploegam) Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 70 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 71 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 72 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 73 Culture Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 74 Nature and maintenance nature maintenance Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 75 Use Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 76 Towards an energy neutral intervention (Veur)Lent development strategy 2013-2016 2016-2023 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 2023 & later 77 Towards an energy neutral intervention REAP stap 1: stap 2: stap 3: stap 4: Reduce Reuse Renewable energy Clean usage of fossil fuels Cluster Veur-­‐Lent’ Stedelijk Rivierpark’ Municipality of Nijmegen Building Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 78 Step 1: Reduction of demand Realistic reduction potential • Existing dwellings; - 6% • Existing services; - 3% - 5% • New dwellings (isolation); - 40% • LED Lighting in public spaces; - 40% • Hybrid (sc.1) / electric cars Scenario Heat Net (sc. 2) - 50% - 75% 38% Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 Scenario Symbiosis vrijdag 17 januari 14 48% 79 Step 2 (REAP): Reuse of surplus Energy Criteria Maximum Poten6al Heat exchangers Financial Feasibility (€ / GJ) 1.513 GJ/jaar € 14 11.768 GJ / jaar € 26 10.000 GJ/jaar € 4 10.000 GJ / jaar € 3 Heat exchange with aquifers 3.300 GJ / jaar € 20 Soil heat exchangers 2.640 GJ / jaar € 21 Anaerobic fermentaWon plant 3.248 GJ / jaar € 18 Living Machine 3.248 GJ / jaar € 25 Heat Net Cascading heat Low Thermal Heat Net Risk assessment Scenario Heat Net Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 Scenario Symbiosis 80 Criteria Maximum Poten6al Financial Feasibility (€ / GJ) Risk assessment Step 3: Renewable Energy 1st generaWon PV 2.230.000 GJ € 6 2nd generaWon PV 1.539.000 GJ € 36 3rd generaWonPV 3.895.000 GJ € 20 Solar collectors 3.990.000 GJ € 11 PVT panels 4.180.000 GJ € 13 684.000 GJ € 97 1.350.000 GJ € 25 Wind turbines 9.158.000 GJ € 7 Small wind turbines 9.158.000 GJ € 26 Building Augmented Wind Turbines 9.158.000 GJ € 20 33.250 GJ € 6 Road Energy Systems 5.000 GJ € 8 Solar Roads 1800 GJ € 87 PotenWal water power 6.937 GJ € 17 Currents-­‐water energy 2.636 GJ € 150 VibraWon water energy 1.044 GJ € 3 CSP Fresnel lenses Scenario Heat Net Scenario Symbiosis Geothermal energy Sky-­‐wind turbines Wood boilers Surface water heaWng/ cooling € 20 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 81 Innovations > Green Technologies (integration) Produce biomass / algae Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 Innovations > Infrastrucure (integration) etc. Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 83 Prototype 2011 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 Concept House prototype Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 88 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 177 Concept House prototype > Concept House affordable, energy positive & IFD based appartments e.g. EPC = 0 Villa Local materials (masonry, reed) 45 m2 PV LED lighting Shower water heat recovery Demand controled ventilation Heat collectors, and Heat exchange/storage in soil Heatpump Low Temperature floor Heating High insulation R values (low U) ‘Infohuis’ Oostindie, Leek NL [o.a. Nieman] e.g. EPC = – 0,2 e.g. EPC = – 0,12 Villa Small villa cavity (concrete + masonry) Cavity (Wood + masonry) 25 m2 PV 40 m2 PV(T) LED lighting 2 micro-windturbines* Hotfill washing machine LED / economical appendages Smart E-system Conservatory Balance Ventilation (mechan.) + Heat recovery Balance Ventilation (mechan.) with Heat recovery Heat exchange/storage in soil Heat collectors Heatpump Heat exchange/storage in soil Low Temperature floor Heating Heatpump High insulation R values (low U) Low Temperature floor Heating ‘Energieplushuis’, Leusden, NL [o.a. Eneco] High insulation R values Kollum de Wirden, NL [a.o. VDM] Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 89 Concept House prototype > Concept House affordable, energy positive & IFD (DfD) of stackable apartments Apartment buildings (>3 storeys) in the Netherlands: Park de Baandert (Sittard) EPC = +0,76 Appartementen Zevenbergen EPC = +0,76 Zonnekant (Malden) EPC = +0,72 Pallas (Almere) EPC = +0,67 BorchRijck (Harkstede) EPC = +0,7 Tasmantoren (Groningen) EPC = +0,68 just realized: Lijsterstraat (Krimpen a/d IJssel) EPC = +0,4 Concept House / Concept House Village ; TUD GBi + Industrial partners Hutten Zuid (Ulft) EPC = +0,4 Buiksloterham (Amsterdam) EPC = +0,38 [o.a. TU Delft] EPC = – 0,07 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 90 Smart systems and multiple connections ... & Zero-energy Concept House / Concept House Village ; TUD GBi + Industrial partners Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 91 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 92 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 93 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 94 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 95 Trial & Error ... use(r) will be key factor ! “Most people like progress, fewer like changes ...” conventional way... : Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 96 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 97 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 98 h^p://etd.bk.tudel`.nl Contact: prof.dr.ir. A.van Timmeren Environmental Technology & Design Delft University of Technology Faculty of Architecture Department Urbanism mail: A.vanTimmeren@tudelft.nl Tel. +31 15 2784991 / +31 6 39250977 Bk Generation 90-95 • 20 years later: Moving (2) Cities • Arjan van Timmeren • January 17 th 2014 vrijdag 17 januari 14 100