Urban Regeneration (3)
Jacqueline Ansbro
Aim of the Session
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To develop an understanding of agents of regeneration and funding.
Brief look at Regeneration companies.
Evaluate Regeneration Schemes
By the End of this session
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Learners will have explored in detail the effectiveness of two
regeneration schemes providing intensive information concerning there
development.
Funding
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The key for urban revitalization lies generally in Public and Private
Partnerships funding. These partnerships take many forms such as formal
organisations to leading businesses who work directly with public
officials. Direct subsidies from public agency’s to private firms can be
described has public- private partnerships. Economic development has
emerged has a major function of local government and because of this,
public and private partnership are increasingly viewed as a critical tool
and economic growth is now the central objective of this relationship.
The Institutional Framework
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The type of partnership and its institutional framework made use of in the
regeneration process depends on the characteristics of the area,
partnership objectives, the focus of activities such as communities,
business and environment and the relationship between partners.
There are three institutions where
funding comes from;
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The public sector encompasses central government departments and
institutes such as the Department of the Environment, Transport and the
regions Home office plus English Partnerships. The Public sector provides
critical financial support, subsides grants and tax incentives. It contributes
knowledge and expertise in Urban Planning. They are expected to take the
lead in urban regeneration, co ordinate and steer the process.
Private Sector
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Private Sector Institutions
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These include investors in banks, Trusts, Property Developers and Local
businesses. They are profit motivated and have an invaluable instinct and
knowledge about the market. They have a good ability to assume risk in
property development and provide funds that surpass the public sector.
Community based institutions
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These are charitable networks and voluntary
organisations. They are non profit making and
provide services and funds. They add value due to
their extensive knowledge of the area. They act as
advocates who need to operate independently from
the government.
These institutions collaborate at different levels to
address a variety of issues.
Sources of Public Finance
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The most significant amount of public money
for regenerating schemes comes from two
sources. The Regional development agency
and the European Union.
The Regional Development agencies have
what is known as a single Pot of funding from
government.
Other Sources of Public Funding
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Local Authorities
Non governmental organisation such as the,
The Price Trust
Pea Body Foundation
National Lottery
European Union
Peabody Trust
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This is a private based institution that exist to tackle poverty, and to
provide good affordable housing. Pea body Trust is one of London’s
housing associations. The Trust oversees the Peabody Donation Fund,
established by an American banker George Peabody in 1862. In 1948 the
fund was incorporated by an Act of Parliament known as the Peabody
Trust. It now manages over 19,000 properties spread across all of
London’s Boroughs.
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[1]A London Architect named Bill Dunster who worked for the Peabody
Trust wanted to build a Net-Zero fossil energy development which
consume all its energy from renewable sources. Several projects
collaborated to produce what is today known as the Beddington Zero
Energy development (BEDZED)
BEDZED)
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BEDZED provides a total of 82 homes and the character and size of the
homes varies greatly. The general layout of the housing units is south
facing with terraces and large glass openings to maximize solar gain. The
buildings make extensive use of the roofs to provide spaces which takes
advantage of rain water harvesting and biodiversity. The height of the
buildings is doubled to bring light into the space and for solar radiation
and all the resources needed for the homes are from site.
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Bed Zed used recycled and reclaimed materials during construction in
which they sourced local materials and they employed local people,
providing other facilities for the community such as a nursery and good
road links.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkenbQoDV4w
BEDZED
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http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/doubleplus/cloverle
af_city/efficient_buildings.htm
The Regional Development Agency
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The Regional Development Agency (RDA) was established under the
regional development agencies Act in 1998 and was formally launched on
April 1999. Our primary role is as strategic drivers of regional economic
development. The (RDAs) aim is to coordinate regional economic
development and regeneration, enabling regions to improve their relative
competitiveness and reduce the unbalances that exist. Under the Regional
Development Agencies Act 1998, each Agency has five purposes which
are;
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bi_yEHNF-54
Nine (RDA)
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Advantage West Midlands
East Midlands Development Agency
London Development Agency
North |West Development Agency
One North East
South East England Development Agencies
South West England Development Agency
Yorkshire Forward
Objectives
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To promote business efficiency
To further economic development.
To promote employment.
To enhance the application of skills.
To contribute to sustainable development.
Urban Regeneration Process
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Urban Renewal is the re- development of
areas of moderate to high density. In the past
it was typically well known for the destruction
of businesses and the relocation of people.
urban regeneration Process
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Now urban regeneration is a market commodity that can
produce wealth and power for its owners. It uses land and
government activity to make money as place is now seen as a
market commodity that can produce wealth and power for its
owners. Due to the strength of the regulation theory,
government now recognise the benefit of spreading its growth
back to the whole population. Local businesses and people
are today seen as a major participant in Urban Politics. Cities
are currently in a position to affect production, channel
investment and drive local government.
Information Technology
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information technology offers opportunities to
recognise production processes To cut
provisions and to provide a more
individualized product.
Eagan
According to Eagan, ‘Construction should be quality driven’. Any less
than perfect quality results in a loss to society. Companies for example
should hit targets and do away with loss. Reducing loss through ingenuity
makes a product more sustainable and better quality.
Quality Design
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Despite growing awareness there is still a need however, for establishing
not only better quality design but also a better knowledge economy
whereby, the socially excluded parts of a city can be integrated through
transportation and training infrastructure providing even greater
opportunities for business.
Silicone Valley
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Silicone Valley is a typical example of ingenuity and good quality design.
A successful business development took place on area located on the San
Francisco coast. About 40 years ago Stanford University had some
financial problems which was solves by creating a institute centre for
high, technological, research which supported economic developments in
the region and which turned out to be a complete success. Here was the
world’s first digital computer, weighing in at 30 tonnes.
Silicone Valley
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=daaliXLBs
L4&feature=related
Provider of incentives.
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The government is now committed to preventing crime, Health and the
well being of the individuals of a community, as demonstrated in change 4
Life, which is aimed at encouraging parents to give their children better
diets, more exercise, and to find out what’s in their local area. Its
strategies are to improve education, employment and the environment. It
has developed mortgage, rescue schemes, home ownership, schemes and
shelter and housing for the homeless.
Regeneration Companies.
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CABE, CASTLEFORD, NWDA and NEW EAST MANCHESTER are
all equipped to address issues of towns and cities which are under
pressure and are confronted with various problems which include social
problems, low quality environment, obsolete housing.
CABE
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The way in which CABE work is that they encourage policy makers to
create places that are safe and efficient to run. They conduct research and
run campaigns on architecture and design. They support public agencies
with good design and promote better education skills for the built
environment. A building for life assessment is carried out on all the
planned and completed house developments against the 20 building for
life criteria, which is a standard that must embody CABES vision of
functional, attractive and sustainable housing.
ELEVATE
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Elevate are a Housing renewal pathfinder who work closely with CABE
and English Heritage funded programmes that provides advices, training
programmes and promote standards that must be achieved in their
projects. These are building for life and level (3) Code for Sustainable
Homes.
NWDA
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The NWDA is part of a six star rated school of construction and property
management at the University of Salford. It is the constructing excellence
centre for the North West. They also promote Level (3) code for
Sustainable Homes and Best Practice developed by BREEAM for the
North West. Best Practice (BRSEE ) include social, environmental and
economic options. The goal which underpins the agency’s vision is to
deliver economic development.
(NEM) New East Manchester
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NEM is a partnership initiative between Manchester city
council NWDA, communities of East Lancashire and,
English partnership. They aim to lead the physical
regeneration of the area coordinating social and economic
initiatives and promote the area for new business and
residents. NEM are successful in gaining top awards in the
training category for the regeneration Assistants project. The
aim of the project is to provide local residents with the
opportunity to gain employment and follow a career path in
regeneration.
The Thinking behind the
Regeneration Organisations/ Recap
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Carbon- To reduce harmful carbon emissions.
Waste- To reduce the amount of material taken to landfill and reduce
waste, re- cycle waste and reuse as many materials as possible. Further,
to minimise the creation of carbon and methane.
To reduce the demand on water resources through initiatives such as
rain water harvesting.
To support a reduction on the reliance on private transport thus
reducing harmful emissions.
To ensure that developers build to respond to climate change and to
create a sense of place in their developments.
Social
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Communities- Ensuring that economic vitality is achieved by addressing
issues such as social problems, educational problems, and providing
more attractive places to live.
Business-To ensure that investment in developments supports the goals
for encouraging growth within the community. Employment and
training.-Ensuring developers provide opportunities for the unemployed.
User Satisfaction and Comfort- To ensure that user comfort levels, do
not fall below acceptable standards.
Whole Life Cycle- Developers here must consider the cost of the
buildings including the savings made by enhanced energy efficient
measures