Ch. 16 The Home Front
16.1 Mobilizing the Home Front
Four Freedoms
“In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we
look forward to a world founded upon four essential
human freedoms.
The first is freedom of speech and expression-everywhere in the world.
The second is freedom of every person to worship
God in his own way--everywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want--which, translated into
universal terms, means economic understandings which
will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for
its inhabitants-everywhere in the world.
The fourth is freedom from fear--which, translated into
world terms, means a world-wide reduction of
armaments to such a point and in such a thorough
fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an
act of physical aggression against any neighbor-anywhere in the world.”
--President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Message to
Congress, January 6, 1941
I. Building National Morale
A. The Office of Civilian
Defense raised morale by
promoting protective
measures
OCD workers served as air raid wardens during
blackouts.
I. Building National Morale…
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Which of the following was NOT one of
the duties of someone who worked for
the Office of Civilian Defense?
1. Fight fires
2. Enforce blackouts
3. Plant victory
gardens
4. Spot airplanes
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I. Building National Morale…
B.
Other volunteers took on responsibilities during the
war
1. Planted victory gardens
"Well, it was just very difficult to transport fruit and vegetables and everything. Most of it that was raised in
California, or wherever they were raised, was going to the troops. So we had to raise our own and bring it into
the local grocery store. And, so, another part of the government effort was – they called them Victory
Gardens. In the cities, and even in the country, they wanted everybody to have their own garden, to raise their
own produce and maybe have enough that somebody that didn't have access to a garden had produce and
things, because it wasn't available in the stores...
"It was a great morale thing. And for young people like me, it was, you know, I could do my part. I was a
part of the effort."
I. Building National Morale…
2. Collected scrap materials used to make weapons
Everyday commodities were vital to the war effort, and drives were organized to recycle such
things as rubber, tin, waste kitchen fats paper, lumber, and steel.
Reminder - Pluto Cartoon
I. Building National Morale…
C.
Newsreel DVD
The Office of War Information
kept Americans informed about
the war
1. Coordinated war news from
all agencies
2. Encouraged the media to
help Americans understand the
progress of the war & govt.
policies through propaganda
I. Building National Morale…
D.
Entertainment industry promoted the war by using
propaganda in movies, comics, songs, and advertisements
Paper
Advertisement
Air Raid
Warden
Leave the Dishes in
the Sink
I. Building National Morale…
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The oldest form of mass
media used by the OWI was…
1.
2.
3.
4.
Radio
Posters
Billboards
Newspaper
advertisements
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2I7rlmefA8
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I. Building National Morale…
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
II. Staging a Production Miracle
A.
B.
The War Production Board helped U.S.
industry convert from civilian to war
production
Accomplished their goal in two steps
1. Industrialists produced military goods
2. Businesses built new plants to
increase production
II. Staging a Production Miracle…
C. As a result of the WPB, industrial production
doubled, giving the U.S. a surplus of armaments
aircraft
ships
defense
non-defense
II. Staging a Production Miracle…
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
What impact did the war have
on the Great Depression?
1. It made it worse.
2. It made people
forget about the
it.
3. It ended it.
4. There was no
impact.
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How many ships were built in
the U.S. during the war?
1.
2.
3.
4.
About 10,000
About 25,000
About 50,000
About 75,000
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Chrysler
Advertisement
Why did manufacturers such as Chrysler
advertise about their wartime activities
rather than their consumer products?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chrysler was not
making cars during the
war.
People didn’t have
money to buy cars.
Most Americans were
fighting overseas.
Americans did not like
Chrysler cars.
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III. Directing a Wartime Economy
A.
Gross National Product, or the dollar value of all
goods & services produced annually, more than
doubled during the war
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46
III. Directing a Wartime Economy…
B.
In order to control wages & monitor inflation, the
government set up the National War Labor Board
1. NWLB restricted hourly wages, not weekly
earnings
*Even with NWLB restrictions, how could
workers still earn a good deal of money?
2. People were working more & making more
money, and prices continued to rise
III. Directing a Wartime Economy…
C.
As prices continued to rise, the govt. created the
Office of Price Administration to fix maximum prices
1. They used a system of rationing, which reduced
demand, to keep prices down
*Red stamps =
meat, cheese,
dairy products, etc.
*Blue stamps =
vegetables,
canned fruits, etc.
RATIONING
Rationing helped to reduce the
demand for items such as gasoline.
To learn how to use rationing
stamps, these school children set
up a booth with charts & products
to figure out how to buy needed
goods during the war.
III. Directing a Wartime Economy…
D.
The government paid for the
war by…
1. Collecting taxes through
monthly payroll deductions
a. Revenue Act (1942)
increased income taxes
2. Using advertisers &
Hollywood stars to sell bonds
WAR BONDS & STAMPS
The public school children of the South-Central District of
Chicago purchased $263,148. 83 in war bonds and stamps...a
huge check representing enough money for 125 jeeps, two
pursuit planes and motorcycle.
Americans were encouraged to buy war bonds
IV. Recruiting New Workers
A.
During the war, women found jobs in defense
industries
1. The fictional name for women who worked in
these industries was “Rosie the Riveter”
Rosie the Riveter
All the day long,
Whether rain or shine,
She's a part of the assembly line.
She's making history,
Working for victory,
Rosie the Riveter.
Keeps a sharp lookout for sabotage,
Sitting up there on the fuselage.
That little girl will do more than a male will do.
Rosie's got a boyfriend, Charlie.
Charlie, he's a Marine.
Rosie is protecting Charlie,
Working overtime on the riveting machine
When they gave her a production "E",
She was as proud as she could be,
There's something true about,
Red, white, and blue about,
Rosie the Riveter
-Redd Evans & John Jacob Leob, 1942
IV. Recruiting New Workers…
B.
Women in the workforce suffered from two
disadvantages
1. They received 60% less pay than men
2. They had little job security and most lost their
jobs after the war
Women also served in the Army Nurse Corps and the Women’s Army Corps
What organization kept Americans
informed about the war?
1. Office of Civilian
Defense
2. War Production
Board
3. Office of War
Information
4. Office of Price
Administration
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A popular song claimed that women were
“making history working for victory.” In what
way did women make history during the war?
1. Performed jobs in
heavy industries.
2. Planted victory
gardens
3. Served in combat
positions
4. Worked in whitecollar jobs
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Which of the following was promoted
through the Office of Civilian Defense?
1. Enforcing
blackouts
2. Planting victory
gardens
3. Producing
cartoons
4. Rationing food
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Which of the following was NOT one of
the ways the media promoted the war?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Comics
Songs
Movies
TV Shows
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0%
0%
2
3
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4
Which of the following items were
Americans NOT encouraged to salvage?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Paper
Cooking Oil
Metal
Water
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0%
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3
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Which organization fixed
maximum prices?
1. Office of Civilian
Defense
2. War Production
Board
3. National War
Labor Board
4. Office of Price
Administration
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Which organization controlled
wages & monitored inflation?
1. Office of Civilian
Defense
2. War Production
Board
3. National War
Labor Board
4. Office of Price
Administration
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0%
0%
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3
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The Revenue Act was
responsible for…
1. Creating and
selling war bonds
2. Raising income
taxes
3. Collecting income
taxes
4. Paying workers
overtime hours
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Stars & celebrities contributed
to the war effort by…
0%
0%
0%
2
3
0%
1. Promoting war
bonds
2. Donating money
3. Serving in the
military
4. Working in
defense
industries
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4
AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE
RECRUITED
FIRST BLACK MARINE
RECRUIT, WILLIAM
BALDWIN
AFRICAN AMERICAN MARINES IN
DRESS UNIFORM
TUSKEGEE
AIRMEN
THE 442ND
INFANTRY UNIT
WAS MADE UP OF
JAPANESE
AMERICANS
THEY WERE
THE MOST
HIGHLY
DECORATED
UNIT IN THE
MILITARY
THE NAVAJO CODE
TALKERS HELPED
MAINTAIN
SECURITY BY
TRANSMITTING
ORDERS IN A
NAVAJO CODE THAT
THE JAPANESE
WERE UNABLE TO
BREAK