 Branches of Civil Engineering.
– Surveying
– Transportation Engg
– Geotechnical or Soil Mechanics
– Environmental Engg
– Structural Engg
– Quantity Surveying
– Construction Management and Project
Management
– Irrigation
– Fluid Mechanics
– Town Planning
– Remote Sensing

Housing –
1) Surveying
2) Construction Management
3) Quantity Surveying
4) Structural Engg
5) Geotechnical and Foundation Engg
6) Earthquake Engg
7) Town Planning
8) Remote Sensing
Water 1) Irrigation Engg
2) Fluid Mechanics
3) Environmental Engg
Transportation – 1) Roadways
2 ) Railways
3) Airways
4) Waterways

 Def Surveying:* Relative Point
* Prepare Maps
* Linear and Angular Measurements

* Leveling
Classification of Surveying- * Plane Surveying
* Geodetic Surveying
 Types of Surveying - * Based on Purpose
* Based on Instruments
 Principals of Surveying –
 Work from Whole to part
 To Locate a pt by atleast 2 independent measurements.

Based on Purpose –
1) Topographic Surveying – Natural and Artificial Features like hills, Lakes, Roads, Villages, Railway tracks……. Etc.
2) Cadcestral Surveying –
Boundaries of Fields, Houses, Plots…
3) City Survey – boundaries of plots, watersupply, sanitary…..
4) Route Surveying - ……………
5) Mine Surveying –
Underground material…..
6) Hydrographic Surveying
– Nature of Bed Surface.
Based on Instruments –
1) Chain Survey
2) Compass Survey
3) Chain and Compass Survey
4) Theodolite Survey
5) Tachometric Surveying
6) Plane Table Surveying
7) Electronic Distance Meter Surveying.

1) Plans and Maps
2) Measure Area of Plot or Land
3) Horizontal and vertical
Measurements
4) CONTOUR Maps
5) Selection of Suitable site
6) Quantity of Earth Work
7) Capacity of Reservoir…….. And many more…….

 Structural engineers design steel, concrete, timber framed structures such as:
– Tall buildings, towers
–
Bridges
– Chimneys, Tanks
–
Retaining walls, foundations
– Stadiums …….. Etc…
–
Calculates LOAD on Structure

1)
2)
3)
4)
TYPES OF LOADS
Dead Load
Live Load
Wind Load
Earthquake Load.

Classification of STRUCTURES
1) RCC
2) Steel Structure
(HW…) Application of Structural
Engineering??????

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

It’s also “PUBLIC HEALTH
ENGINEERING”
It’s the branch which deals with
Water Supply Engg
Sanitary System Engg
Environmental Pollution

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Testing Quality of Water for diff. purposes.
Design – Water Treatment Plant
Design – Sewage Treatment Plant
Study Population and design proposed projects.
Control and Reduce POLLUTION
Dispose Waste….etc..

 Transportation
Engineers design and analyze
– Roadways
–
Railways
– Airports
–
Waterways
– Parking Lots
–
Traffic Control Signal
Systems.

Classification of Roadways –
 According to IRC
–
Expressway
– National Highway (NH)
–
State Highway (SH)
– Major District Road (MDR)
–
Village Road (VR)
 According to Material used for Construction
–
Bituminous Road or Tar Road
– Concrete Road
–
Water Bound Macadem Road (WBM)
– Earth Work.

Expressway – (HW) ???????
National Highway –
– Run through LENGTH and WIDTH of
Country
–
Connects Capitals
– 2 Lane
–
Width – 7 to 15 m
– Fast and Heavy Loaded traffic.
State Highway –
– Connects Major Cities to NH
–
2 lane or some times 1
– Width – 7 to 10 m
–
Used for fast Traffic

Major District Road –
Connecting District places to taluka, main cities, major market places in cities
- Width 5 to 8 m
- Use of Moderate Traffic
Village Roads -
- Connects Village to taluka, village to nearest railway station, village to village…
- EARTH ROAD or KUTCHA ROAD
- Light and Slow moving Vehicles
- (Bullock Cart Road)

Bituminous Road or TAR Road
– Tar is a Binding Material
–
Easily Repaired and Maintained
– Due to Bitumen Layer Wearing surface is small
–
Life is Short

Concrete Road
- Wearing surface is Cement Concrete
- Rigid Pavement
- Life is High as strength is high.
- Difficult to repair and Maintain
- HIGH COST.

Water Bound Macadam Road -
– Base Course of Bitumen or Concrete
–
Constructed with 2 to 3 layers of aggregates and soil material
– Normally provided on VILLAGE ROAD
Earth Road –
–
Earth material is main Constituent of the road
– Kutcha road (Loacally available material)
– Formed by trace passers or bullock carts….

Any 6 Applications of
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING???

 It is also called as
‘ PERMAENT WAY’
Cross Section of Permanent Way.

Gauge: -The Clear Distance between the inner faces of Rails
Indian Railways are divided in 3 types based on Gauge
Broad Gauge 1.676m
Meter Gauge -
Narrow Gauge -
1.000m
0.762m
I.R. divided in Different 8 Zones
1) Northern
2) Central
5) Western
6) North Eastern
3) Southern
4) Eastern
7) South Central
8) South Eastern

1) Short Note on Construction of Permanent way?
2) Comparison between ROADWAYS and
RAILWAYS…… (4 mrks)

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 Geotechnical engineering is essential for a safe and secure structure.
 Deals with SOIL Study
 Behavior of Soil under applied LOAD
 TESTS –
Trials Pits
Plate Load Test

5)
6)
7)
8)
1)
2)
3)
4)
Properties of Soil
Classification of Soil
Bearing Capacity of Soil
Design of Earth Dam ------EG??????
Study of different SOIL STRATA
Capability of SUB- GRADE of road.
Design of FOUNDATION in any type of soil
Analyze the WATER SEEPAGE for Dams

 Deals with measuring various Quantities and
Probable cost of Construction.
 CLASSICATION:-
Quantity
Surveying
ESTIMATE VALUATION

Estimation
–
To find/ Calculate the
‘approximate cost’ of Construction.
Valuation – Determining the
‘PRESENT VALUE’ of existing property.
(HOME WORK…….)
1)
2)
Difference between Estimation and Valuation
(Min 5 Pts.)
Applications of Q.S ???? (6 pts.)

 Water management involves the use of hydraulic principles to design:
– Water Retaining Structures like DAMS,
Canals, Weirs, Water Tanks……
– Hydraulic machines like CP, RP, Turbines etc.
– Gates of Dam, Valves to regulate water flow
– Spillway
– Ship/ Boat
– Measure Velocity, viscosity, pressure, discharge of flow……..

Def. FLUID ????
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Types of Fluid –
Ideal Fluid – No Viscosity, Surface Tension, and
Incompressible (Imaginary Fluid)
Real Fluid – Having VISCOSITY
Classification –
Kinematic F
Dynamic F
FM Kinetic F
Static F

 APPLICATIONS of Fluid
Mechanics?????

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
The job of a construction manager is to:
–
Provide quality control and insure project is completed on time .
–
Within budget.
4 M’s
–
–
–
–
Men
Money
Material
Machine
 Constuction of Structure
Divided in 2 parts
 SUBSTRUCTURE
 SUPERSTRUCTURE

1) Use of Modern Techniques, Machinery for SAFE and SPEEDY work.
2) Use od Modern Material in Special Construction
Work like DAMS and TUNNELS
3) Plan the project and decided the sequence
4) Control Labours
5) Economical
6) Good Quality of Work

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1) Process of Supplying Water for
Agriculture
Domestics
Industries
2) Construction of DAMs Reservoirs, Weirs….
3) Management of Water:- train the farmers for
OPTIMUM use of Water.
4) Natural Source of Water
(HW) - Application of Irrigation Engg. ??????

 Earthquake is a destructive and deadly natural phenomenon.


Deals with Seismic Zones and their effects on the structure.
“SHIFTING Of EARTH” – Design of Foundation
 Study of Load On Building – DYNAMIC
 Earthquake PROTECTION-
1)
2)
3)
4)
Compact Rectangular Plan
All Building Parts Tied Together
Parapet or any PROJECTION should not be more than 750 mm
Safe distance bet 2 structures
5) Provide Strong FOUNDATION resting on HARD STRATA.

2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
1) Planning and preparing a drawing and its approval
Preparation of Design
Estimating and Costing
Study of Foundation
Testing, Supervision and execution
Maintenance

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Site Selection
Conduct various Surveys and Collection of Various
Data
Study of Foundation
Study of Catchment Area
Reservoir Capacity
Selection of DAM
Structural and Hydraulic Design
Estimate
Testing Supervision Execution and maintenances
Socio Economic ROLE (Political and Social)

4)
5)
6)
7)
1)
2)
3)
Role of C.E. in Const. of EXPRESS WAYs
Planning and Surveying
Alignment of Road
Contour Plan
Design of Road and Pavement
Estimate of Road
Construction and testing of Express Way
Maintenance

Importance of Interdisciplinary Approach in Engg.