1
Welcome – Thanks for joining
this ITRC Training Class
Green and Sustainable Remediation
ITRC Technical & Regulatory Guidance Document: Green and
Sustainable Remediation: A Practical Framework (GSR-2, 2011)
Sponsored by: Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (www.itrcweb.org)
Hosted by: US EPA Clean Up Information Network (www.cluin.org)
2
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Copyright 2013 Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council,
50 F Street, NW, Suite 350, Washington, DC 20001
3
ITRC Disclaimer



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
This material was sponsored by an agency of the United States Government.
The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state
or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof and no
official endorsement should be inferred.
The information in ITRC Products was formulated to be reliable and accurate.
However, the information is provided "as is" and use of this information is at
the users’ own risk. Information in ITRC Products is for general reference only;
it should not be construed as definitive guidance for any specific site and is not
a substitute for consultation with qualified professional advisors.
ITRC Product content may be revised or withdrawn at any time without prior
notice.
ITRC, ERIS, and ECOS make no representations or warranties with respect to
information in its Products. ITRC, ERIS, and ECOS will not accept liability for
damages of any kind that result from acting upon or using this information.
ITRC, ERIS, and ECOS do not endorse or recommend the use of specific
technology or technology provider through ITRC Products.
4
ITRC (www.itrcweb.org) – Shaping the
Future of Regulatory Acceptance


Host organization
Network
• State regulators

•
•
•
•
 All 50 states, PR, DC
• Federal partners

DOE
DOD
EPA
• ITRC Industry Affiliates
Program
Wide variety of topics
Technologies
Approaches
Contaminants
Sites
Products
• Technical and regulatory
guidance documents
• Internet-based and
classroom training
• Academia
• Community stakeholders
5
ITRC Course Topics Planned for 2013 –
More information at www.itrcweb.org
Popular courses from 2012
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
New in 2013
 Environmental Molecular
Decision Framework for Applying Attenuation
Processes to Metals and Radionuclides
Diagnostics
Development of Performance Specifications
 Biochemical Reactors for
for Solidification/Stabilization
Mining-Influenced Water
Green and Sustainable Remediation
 Groundwater Statistics and
Integrated DNAPL Site Strategy
Monitoring Compliance
LNAPL 1: An Improved Understanding of
LNAPL Behavior in the Subsurface
2-Day Classroom Training on
LNAPL 2: LNAPL Characterization and
Recoverability - Improved Analysis
Light Nonaqueous-Phase
LNAPL 3: Evaluating LNAPL Remedial
Liquids (LNAPLs)
Technologies for Achieving Project Goals
 April 9-10 in King of
Mine Waste Treatment Technology Selection
Prussia, PA
Project Risk Management for Site Remediation
 June 4-5 in Springfield, IL
Use and Measurement of Mass Flux and Mass
 October 1-2 in Garden
Discharge
Grove, CA
Use of Risk Assessment in Management of
Contaminated Sites
Soil Sampling and Decision Making Using Incremental Sampling Methodology (2
parts)
Bioavailability Considerations for Contaminated Sediment Sites
Biofuels: Release Prevention, Environmental Behavior, and Remediation
6
Meet the ITRC Trainers
Rebecca Bourdon
Minnesota Pollution
Control Agency
651-757-2240
rebecca.bourdon
@state.mn.us
Nick Petruzzi
Cox-Colvin &
Associates, Inc.
614-526-2040
nick_petruzzi
@coxcolvin.com
Karin Holland
Haley & Aldrich, Inc.
619-285-7133
Kholland
@haleyaldrich.com
Elisabeth Hawley
ARCADIS
510-596-9654
elisabeth.hawley
@arcadis-us.com
Stephanie
Fiorenza
BP America
281-366-7484
Stephanie.fiorenza
@bp.com
7
Why Green and Sustainable
Remediation (GSR)?

Improved stakeholder engagement
• Community benefited from trails installed
on new cap cover to river
• Educational opportunities
• Collaboration with local college

Simplified, reproducible results
• Quantify desired metrics

Reduced impacts
• Emissions/
greenhouse gases (GHGs)
• Energy/Water/Waste
• Ecosystems
8
GSR Training Roadmap
Introduction (Section 1 Tech Reg)
• Definitions
• GSR Intent and Benefits
GSR
Framework
GSR Planning (Section 2 Tech Reg)
• Common Considerations
• Relevant GSR Questions
GSR Implementation (Section 3 Tech Reg)
• Lifecycle Phase Approach
• Consistent Methodology
Q&A #1
GSR Tools (Section 4 Tech Reg)
• Choosing the right tool
• Examples of BMPs, Simple, and Advanced Tools
Case Studies (Appendix C Tech Reg)
Training Wrap-Up
Q&A #2
9
ITRC's GSR Definition
The site-specific employment of products,
processes, technologies, and procedures that
mitigate contaminant risk to receptors while
making decisions that are cognizant of
balancing community goals,
economic impacts, and net
environmental effects.
10
Green Remediation
Reducing environmental impacts of
common investigation and
remediation activities
11
Green & Sustainable Remediation
Environmental
Economic
Social
12
GSR Reality
13
ITRC GSR Products

Overview Document
Green and Sustainable
Remediation: State of the
Science and Practice
• (GSR-1, 2011)

Technical & Regulatory
Guidance Document:
Green and Sustainable
Remediation: A Practical
Framework
• (GSR-2, 2011)
14
User Benefits of GSR Products
Expected User Group
Intended Use
User Benefits
Regulators
Integrate GSR into site
management decisions
Better site decisions
Protective solutions
Consultants
Integrate GSR into site
recommendations
Guide technology
selection
Better site decisions
Better value for clients
Regulatory partnership
Site Owners
Integrate GSR into site
considerations
Guide technology
selection
Better site decisions
Possible savings
Academia
Provide students with
latest information
Better equip students
Community Stakeholders
Provide trusted resource
for decision-makers
Contribute information to
achieve the best
remediation
15
Snapshot Simple GSR Evaluation
Petroleum Surface Soil Excavation Site
GHG = greenhouse gas
Option 1
Option 2
1.5 ft. excavation w/ 6 in. excavation w/
gravel replacement
concrete cap
Option 3
6 in. excavation w/
asphalt cap
Environmental
3 tons CO2
4 tons GHG
2.4 tons CO2
11 tons GHG
2.4 tons CO2
>11 tons GHG
Economic
$16,723
$21,538
$15,623
Social
No aesthetic
change
Positive aesthetic
change
Positive aesthetic
change
16
GSR in Your Organization



Framework
GSR Policy/Guidance
integration or adaptation
How GSR fits into your
agency/corporate strategic
plan
17
Learn to Apply GSR Concepts
How to
identify
potential
benefits?
How to
perform a
GSR
evaluation?
How are
similar
programs
applying
GSR?
When to
incorporate
GSR?
Why conduct
a GSR
evaluation?
Which tools
are
appropriate
for your
sites?
GSR
Answers
How to apply
this to your
projects?
18
GSR Framework
GSR Planning
Evaluate/Update
Conceptual Site
Model
Establish GSR Goals
Stakeholder
Involvement
Select Metrics,
Evaluation Level,
Boundaries
Document GSR
Efforts
+
GSR Implementation
Identifying
GSR Options
Performing
GSR
Evaluations
Implementing
GSR
Approaches
Monitoring,
Tracking, and
Documentation
Investigation
Closeout
Remedy
Optimization
Remedy
Evaluation and
Selection
Remedy
Design
Remedy
Operation,
Maintenance, Construction
and Monitoring
= GSR Framework
19
GSR Framework
Flexible and Scalable


Flexibility similar to that found in conceptual
remedial designs
Scalable to the size and level-of-detail of the
project
Example: UST site vs. Superfund site
20
GSR Training Roadmap
Introduction (Section 1 Tech Reg)
• Definitions
• GSR Intent and Benefits
GSR
Framework
GSR Planning (Section 2 Tech Reg)
• Common Considerations
• Relevant GSR Questions
GSR Implementation (Section 3 Tech Reg)
• Lifecycle Phase Approach
• Consistent Methodology
Q&A #1
GSR Tools (Section 4 Tech Reg)
• Choosing the right tool
• Examples of BMPs, Simple, and Advanced Tools
Case Studies (Appendix C Tech Reg)
Training Wrap-Up
Q&A #2
21
Plan and Incorporate
GSR into Your Project
GSR
22
GSR Planning
Tech Reg Section 2
23
GSR Planning
Evaluate/Update Conceptual Site Model (CSM)
Evaluate/Update
Conceptual Site Model


Establish GSR Goals

Stakeholder
Involvement
Select Metrics, GSR
Evaluation Level,
Boundaries
Document GSR Efforts
Evaluate and update as necessary
Integrate relevant GSR information to
reflect potential opportunities were
GSR can be considered and
implemented
CSM similar to that discussed in
ITRC Performance Based
Environmental Management
Document (RPO-7)*
*http://www.itrcweb.org/Documents/RPO-7.pdf
24
GSR Planning
Establish GSR Goals
Evaluate/Update
Conceptual Site Model



Establish GSR Goals

Stakeholder
Involvement
Select Metrics, GSR
Evaluation Level,
Boundaries
Document GSR Efforts

Site setting and circumstances
GSR components
EPA’s green remediation core
elements*
Drivers: regulatory guidance/policy,
corporate directives, incentives
Goals can relate to remediation and
non-remediation activities
*www.clu-in.org/greenremediation
25
GSR Planning
Stakeholder Involvement
Evaluate/Update
Conceptual Site Model


Establish GSR Goals

Stakeholder
Involvement

Select Metrics, GSR
Evaluation Level,
Boundaries

Document GSR Efforts

Key consideration of sustainable
remediation
GSR stakeholders are typically a
subset of the project stakeholders
New stakeholders may be identified
solely on GSR interest
Engage at appropriate points
during the cleanup project
For GSR, stakeholder involvement
should be more frequent or to a
greater effort than required by
regulatory program
Includes GSR and non-GSR
information
26
GSR Planning
Stakeholder Involvement Examples
Stakeholder involvement can be interpreted
and fulfilled in many different ways

Remedy Construction Example:
distribution of information by
monthly newsletter

Remedy Evaluation & Selection
Example: interactive dialogue
pertaining to limiting excavation
27
GSR Planning
Select Metrics, GSR Evaluation Level, Boundaries
Evaluate/Update
Conceptual Site Model


Establish GSR Goals


Stakeholder
Involvement

Select Metrics, GSR
Evaluation Level,
Boundaries
Document GSR Efforts
Establish metric(s) for each GSR goal
Consider boundary conditions, funding,
contracts, schedule, experience
Quantitative vs. qualitative metrics
Some metrics identified in Table 4-1 of
GSR Overview Document (GSR-1)*
and SURF Metrics Toolbox**
Select GSR Evaluation Level – three
levels of detail/complexity
*www.itrcweb.org/Documents/GSR-1.pdf
**www.sustainableremediation.org/library
28
GSR Planning
Metric Examples from Part of Table 4-1 in GSR-1
Economic
Community
Waste
Water
Land
Metric
Fresh Water
Consumption
Biodiversity
Metric Units
gallons
Metric Description
volume of fresh water used
species count
assessment of impacts on
biodiversity
measure of use of renewable
energy
tons of GHGs emitted
Renewable
Energy Use
Greenhouse
Gas Emissions
gallons; BTU; kWh
Material Use
Kg
Employment
jobs created
Capital Costs
$
Community
Impacts
Cultural
Resources
subjective
CO2 equivalents
emitted
subjective
kg of total material use, or mass
by category of material
number of jobs created as a
result of implementing remedy
capital costs of project
impacts of project on the
community
impacts of project on cultural
resources
29
GSR Planning
GSR Evaluation Levels
LEVEL 3
BMPs +
Advanced Evaluation
LEVEL 2
BMPs + Simple Evaluation
LEVEL 1
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
30
GSR Planning
Document GSR Efforts
Evaluate/Update
Conceptual Site Model


Establish GSR Goals
Stakeholder
Involvement
Select Metrics, GSR
Evaluation Level,
Boundaries
Document GSR Efforts


Critical to GSR goals and
stakeholder communication
Planning and field work records,
GSR evaluation reports, progress
updates, etc.
Document assumptions,
resources, tools, goals, metrics,
constraints/barriers, etc.
Phase-specific examples in Tech
Reg Section 3
31
GSR Planning
Brownfield Investigation Phase Example
Stakeholder
Involvement
Conduct kick-off meeting
Preliminary greenspace plan
Establish GSR Goals
Reduce investigation derived waste and fuel
consumption; minimize greenspace disturbance
Select Metrics, GSR
Evaluation Levels,
Boundaries
Gallons of purge water, drums of soil cuttings,
travel miles; Level 2 evaluation; onsite + travel
Execution using GSR Implementation Process
Evaluate/Update
Conceptual Site Model
Update CSM (sample data, rail spur, nearby
recycler, current greenspace)
Document GSR Efforts
BMPs, field logs, meeting minutes, GSR
evaluation report
32
GSR Training Roadmap
Introduction (Section 1 Tech Reg)
• Definitions
• GSR Intent and Benefits
GSR
Framework
GSR Planning (Section 2 Tech Reg)
• Common Considerations
• Relevant GSR Questions
GSR Implementation (Section 3 Tech Reg)
• Lifecycle Phase Approach
• Consistent Methodology
Q&A #1
GSR Tools (Section 4 Tech Reg)
• Choosing the right tool
• Examples of BMPs, Simple, and Advanced Tools
Case Studies (Appendix C Tech Reg)
Training Wrap-Up
Q&A #2
33
GSR Implementation
Tech/Reg Section 3

Identifies how GSR approaches may be
Selected
Implemented
Evaluated


Covers each remediation phase
Provides a flexible approach
34
Remediation Phases
Investigation
(Section 3.1)
Remedy Evaluation and Selection
(Section 3.2)
Remedy Design
(Section 3.3)
Remedy Construction
(Section 3.4)
Operation, Maintenance, and Monitoring
(Section 3.5)
Remedy Optimization
(Section 3.6)
Closeout
(Section 3.7)
35
How Does GSR Fit In?
Investigation
• GSR application during planning
Remedy Evaluation and
Selection
• Ideal point for incorporating GSR
Remedy Design
Remedy Construction
Operation, Maintenance
and Monitoring
Remedy Optimization
Closeout
• Integration of GSR into selected remedy
• GSR integral part of remedy
• Cumulative benefits resulting from GSR
• Sustainability performance improvement for
existing remedies
• Support for site reuse
36
Relationships with Existing Programs
ITRC GSR-2: Table 3.1 (excerpt)

Can be applied to any federal or state program
Remedial
Phase
RCRA
CERCLA
State
Programs
LUST
RCRA Facility
Investigation
Remedial
Investigation
Site
Assessment
Remedial
Investigation;
Secondary
Investigation
Remedy
Evaluation
and
Selection
Corrective
Measures Study
and Statement of
Basis
Feasibility
Study,
Proposed Plan,
and Record of
Decision
Remedial
Alternative
Evaluation
Conceptual
Corrective Action
Design; Corrective
Action Plan
Remedy
Design
Corrective
Measures
Design/Corrective
Measures
Implementation
Work Plan;
Interim Measure
Remedial
Design
Remedial
Action Plan;
Interim
Source
Removal Plan
Focused
Investigation,
Detailed
Corrective Action
Design
Investigation
37
Approach


Consistent for each phase
Provides a methodology for
38
GSR Options
Sustainable BMP Examples
Minimize
impacts to
natural
resources
Engage
stakeholders
Identify
recycling/
reuse options
Maximize
renewable
energy use
Use local
labor and
resources
Reuse
unimpacted
soil
39
GSR Options
Remedy Construction Example
Environmental
- Minimize idling
- Control/mitigate dust
and odors
- Conduct air monitoring
- Set up an on-site
recycling program
- Minimize fuel/energy
use
ITRC GSR-2: Table 3.7
Social
- Implement community
notifications
- Conduct community
meetings
- Post information on
project progress
- Maximize use of local
businesses
- Sequence construction
activities
Economic
- Consider
economic
benefits to
community
40
GSR Evaluation Levels
LEVEL 3
BMPs +
Advanced Evaluation
LEVEL 2
BMPs + Simple Evaluation
LEVEL 1
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
41
GSR Evaluation
Level 1 Example
Operation, maintenance, and
monitoring example BMPs
 Select local contractors
 Minimize mobilizations
 Engage the local community
 Use renewable energy
 Reduce noise, especially
beyond site boundary
 Implement land revitalization
opportunities
42
GSR Evaluation
Level 2 Example
Hypothetical Remedy Evaluation and Selection
Performing GR evaluations
Metric
Greenhouse gases
Solid waste
Sensitive species
Community
disturbance
Community
acceptance
Cost
In Situ
Thermal
Bioremediation
In Situ Chemical
Oxidation


















43
GSR Evaluation
Level 3 Example
Hypothetical Investigation
Metric
Approach 1 Approach 2
Carbon dioxide
2 metric tons
1.5 metric tons
Investigation
Derived Waste
1,750 pounds
1,230 pounds
Waste Water
500 gallons
390 gallons
Local Economy
Benefit
$62,000
$35,000
Cost
$120,000
$85,000
44
GSR Implementation





Phase-specific
Incorporate GSR options and evaluation results
Ensure team understands GSR elements
Estimate benefits
Involve stakeholders
45
GSR Implementation
Closeout Example


Implement GSR evaluation recommendations
Incorporate GSR aspects into
• Procurement documents
• Field work plans

Ensure contractors understand GSR practices
46
GSR Implementation Benefits
Remedy Optimization Example


VOC concentrations to an air stripper dropped significantly
Unit downsized from 20 to 10 HP motor
1.7M KWh saved!
GHG emissions
reduced by 1,080
metric tons!
$168K cost
savings!
47
Tracking and Documentation





Ensures transparency
Documents GSR practices
Identifies sustainability benefits
Tracks successes and lessons learned
Incorporated in regulatory reports
48
Documentation






BMPs selected
Evaluation level performed
GSR implementation
Stakeholder collaboration efforts
Monitoring and tracking results
Data collected
49
GSR Implementation Summary

Consistent methodology for
50
GSR Implementation Example
Remedy Evaluation and Selection
- In situ/on-site remedies
- Renewable energy
- Waste minimization
e.g., Level 3
Remedy that
- Reduces footprint
- Acceptable to stakeholders
- Achieves economic goals
- Monitor GSR
implementation
- Communicate results
51
1st Question and Answer Session
Introduction (Section 1 Tech Reg)
• Definitions
• GSR Intent and Benefits
GSR
Framework
GSR Planning (Section 2 Tech Reg)
• Common Considerations
• Relevant GSR Questions
GSR Implementation (Section 3 Tech Reg)
• Lifecycle Phase Approach
• Consistent Methodology
Q&A #1
GSR Tools (Section 4 Tech Reg)
• Choosing the right tool
• Examples of BMPs, Simple, and Advanced Tools
Case Studies (Appendix C Tech Reg)
Training Wrap-Up
Q&A #2
52
GSR Training Roadmap
Introduction (Section 1 Tech Reg)
• Definitions
• GSR Intent and Benefits
GSR
Framework
GSR Planning (Section 2 Tech Reg)
• Common Considerations
• Relevant GSR Questions
GSR Implementation (Section 3 Tech Reg)
• Lifecycle Phase Approach
• Consistent Methodology
Q&A #1
GSR Tools (Section 4 Tech Reg)
• Choosing the right tool
• Examples of BMPs, Simple, and Advanced Tools
Case Studies (Appendix C Tech Reg)
Training Wrap-Up
Q&A #2
53
Before Selecting GSR Tools
Set GSR Goals and Select Metrics
Goals
Metrics
Example Goals
Example Metrics
Reduce emissions
Greenhouse gases
Air quality emissions
Conserve natural
resources
Energy and water use
Create habitat
Ecological service value
Improve community
Traffic volume
Resource consumption
Jobs for local workers
Tools
54
Before Selecting GSR Tools
Evaluate Project Scope
Stakeholders
Values
GSR Metrics
Project leader
Project efficiency
Energy & cost savings
Property value
Land use
Community group
Safety and quality of life
Traffic volume
Site regulator
Health and environment
Air pollutant emissions
Property owner
Ecological habitat
55
Before Selecting GSR Tools
Set Boundaries for GSR Evaluation
On-Site Impacts
System construction materials
Land footprint
Electricity
used
Off-Site Impacts
Materials used
Air pollution
Fuel consumption
Air pollution
Traffic volume
Extracted water
Treated water discharge
Construction materials
Treatment media (carbon)
56
Tool Selection
Considerations

Consider
• Site-specific GSR goals and metrics
• Scope, budget, and purpose of GSR
evaluation
• Available site data
• Type of remediation technologies
• Regulatory cleanup program


No certification or standard evaluation method
ITRC team does not endorse any specific
GSR tool
57
Tool Selection
Wide Range of Available Tools


Choose simplest tool that gets the job done
BMPs (Level 1) are most often used
Increasing Tool Complexity
and Data Needs
LEVEL 3
BMPs +
Advanced Evaluation
LEVEL 2
BMPs + Simple Evaluation
LEVEL 1
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
58
Tool Selection
Select the Right Level of Evaluation
Level 1
BMPs
Level 2
BMPs + Simple
Level 3
BMPs + Advanced
Description
• Best practices
(e.g., no idling of
truck engines at job
site)
• Qualitative ranking
process
• Quantitative analysis
(e.g., footprint
analysis, Net
Environmental
Benefits Analysis)
Pros
• Simple
• Evaluates multiple
metrics
• Quantifies multiple
metrics
• Easy to implement
• Simple calculations
only (lb CO2/lb
contaminant treated)
• Track impacts from
cradle to cradle
• Does not evaluate
trade-offs
• Requires scoring
method
• Requires scoring
method
• Cost-effective
Cons
• More costly, timeconsuming
• More data required
59
GSR Tools
BMPs (Level 1)


ASTM, EPA, SURF, USACE
EPA fact sheets
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction to BMPs
Site investigation
Excavation
Pump-and-treat
Bioremediation
SVE/air sparging
Clean fuel and emission
technologies
• Renewable energy
http://www.clu-in.org/greenremediation/
60
GSR Tools
Simple Tools (Level 2)

California Department of Toxic Substances Control
Green Remediation Evaluation Matrix (GREM)
Metrics
Option 1 - SVE
Option 2 - MNA
Yes/No
Score*
Yes/No
Score*
Relative
Importance
Air emissions
Yes
2
Yes
1
1
Solid waste
Yes
2
Yes
1
1
Wastewater
Yes
1
Yes
1
1
Noise/odor/vibration
Yes
3
Yes
1
1
Land stagnation
Yes
1
Yes
3
2
TOTAL
9
7
WEIGHTED TOTAL
10
10
*Scale of 1 to 3 where 1 is favorable (more green or sustainable) in this example
http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/omf/grn_remediation.cfm
61
GSR Tools
Advanced Tools (Level 3)


Carbon footprint calculators
Remedy footprint tools
• Air Force Sustainable Remediation
Tool (SRTTM)
• Navy and Army Corps of Engineers SiteWiseTM
• Other tools


Net environmental benefits analysis tools
Life-cycle assessment (LCA) tools
62
GSR Tools
Sustainable Remediation Tool (SRT)TM





Use for remedy selection and
optimization
Two choices for level of detail
Eight technologies
Measures air emissions,
greenhouse gas emissions,
energy, cost, accident risk, change in resource use
Stakeholder scoring matrix
http://www.afcee.af.mil/resources/technologytransfer/programsandinitiatives/
sustainableremediation/srt/index.asp
63
GSR Tools
SRTTM General Inputs
Plume size
Contaminant
concentrations
Aquifer properties
http://www.afcee.af.mil/resources/technologytransfer/programsandinitiatives/
sustainableremediation/srt/index.asp
64
GSR Tools
SRTTM Results
Technologies
Metrics
http://www.afcee.af.mil/resources/technologytransfer/programsandinitiatives/
sustainableremediation/srt/index.asp
65
GSR Tools
SiteWiseTM

Spreadsheet for each stage of remedial action
•
•
•
•

Remedial investigation
Remedy construction
Remedy operation
Long-term monitoring
Activities in each stage
•
•
•
•
Material production
Transportation
Equipment used
Waste handling
http://www.ert2.org/t2gsrportal/SiteWise.aspx
66
GSR Tools
SiteWiseTM General Inputs
Example: Materials Production
Well materials
Treatment
chemicals
Granular
activated
carbon
Construction
materials
http://www.ert2.org/t2gsrportal/SiteWise.aspx
Item 1, Item 2
GSR Tools
SiteWiseTM Results
Remedial
Alternative
Emissions (Metric Tons)
Energy
(MMBTU)
Alternative 1
Alternative 3
Alternative 4
Alternative 5
Alternative 6
Comparative
graph generated
for each metric
http://www.ert2.org/t2gsr
portal/SiteWise.aspx
3.05
3.05
3.05
0.22
0.22
GHGs
300
140
80
380
550
NOx
SOx
0
0
0
6.0E-05
6.0E-05
0
0
0
1.0E-06
1.0E-06
Accident
Risk Injury
0
0
0
3.14E-06
3.14E-06
GHG Emissions
600
Metric Tons
67
400
200
0
1
3
4
5
Remedial Alternative
6
68
GSR Tools
Other Remedy Footprint Tools

Other footprint tools and methodologies
•
•
•
•
•
•

Private industry/consulting firms
Universities
States
EPA tools
DOE
Other organizations
Potential benefits
• Technology modules
• Simplified tracking for a portfolio of sites
• Biofuels, renewable energy options
ITRC GSR-1: Appendix A
69
GSR Tools
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Process


LCA Process
Example tools
• SimaPro®
• GaBi



Can be used to evaluate
wide range of metrics
Draw from variety of
emissions inventory
databases
Provide different methods
for impact assessment
Define goals, scope and
functional unit
Establish metrics and
system boundaries
Compile project inventory
Assess impacts
Analyze sensitivity
Interpret and report results
ITRC GSR-2 Section 4 and SURF, 2011
70
GSR Tools
Weighting and Scoring Methods



Some tools give you an overall
GSR score
Decide relative
importance of each
GSR metric
Normalize to common
units and range
• Common denominator (e.g., $)
• Common range (e.g., 1 to 100)
based on min/max or mean/
standard deviation

No “perfect” approach
Tool Output
71
GSR Tools
Best Practices





Use BMPs
Select the simplest evaluation
needed for the job
Involve stakeholders in process
Evaluate the uncertainty/sensitivity of
results
Document GSR evaluation process
72
GSR Training Roadmap
Introduction (Section 1 Tech Reg)
• Definitions
• GSR Intent and Benefits
GSR
Framework
GSR Planning (Section 2 Tech Reg)
• Common Considerations
• Relevant GSR Questions
GSR Implementation (Section 3 Tech Reg)
• Lifecycle Phase Approach
• Consistent Methodology
Q&A #1
GSR Tools (Section 4 Tech Reg)
• Choosing the right tool
• Examples of BMPs, Simple, and Advanced Tools
Case Studies (Appendix C Tech Reg)
Training Wrap-Up
Q&A #2
73
Case Studies


Application of Green & Sustainable Remediation
to sites
Examples with different
•
•
•
•
GSR levels
Remediation phases
Metrics
Regulatory programs
Environmental
Economic
Social
74
Former Refinery Site (Level 1)
Overview



Pre-GSR: no formal
evaluation for selection of
optimization measures
GSR scope: applied during
Remedy Optimization
GSR metrics
• Energy consumption
• Ecological diversity
• Community benefits
ITRC GSR-2: Appendix C
75
Former Refinery Site (Level 1)
Site Remediation
Setting





Superfund, US EPA Region 2
and NYS DEC
Site type: Former Refinery
Hydrocarbon impacted
groundwater
Remediation driver
• River downgradient
Existing remedy
• Chemical treatment of extracted
groundwater

Optimized remedy
• Constructed wetland for
treatment of extracted
groundwater
Vertical Flow Wetland
76
Former Refinery Site (Level 1)
Existing Conditions
Planned Restoration Conditions
77
Former Refinery Site (Level 1)
Significant GSR Elements

Environmental
• In situ treatment via constructed wetland
• Biodiversity
• Reduced chemical use and energy consumption

Social
• Community access
 Bird watching stations and hiking trail
• Education
 Environmental center with state college

Economic
• Cost savings
78
Former Refinery Site (Level 1)
Summary

Benefits of GSR approach
• Wetland reduced treatment chemical use and energy
consumption and increased biodiversity
• Communication between site owner and community
improved through meetings, website, and newsletters
• Better connection to natural environment
• Improved educational opportunities

Challenge to incorporating GSR
• Regulatory – changing a record of decision (ROD) remedy
through an explanation of significant difference (ESD) rather
than a ROD amendment

Lessons learned
• Communication with stakeholders is key to successful
outcome
79
RCRA Site (Level 2)
Overview


Evaluation method
• Qualitative and quantitative during remedy selection
• Professional judgment and BMPs during all phases
GSR scope
• Applied from Site Assessment through Remedy Selection,
Design and Construction

GSR metrics
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
• Waste minimization and reuse
• Consumption of resources
• Community benefits
• Corporate sustainability goals
80
RCRA Site (Level 2)
Site Remediation
Setting





State RCRA program, confidential location
Permeable sand and glacial outwash with glacial till near
surface
39 volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOCs) +
(SVOCs) in subsurface soil and perched
groundwater
Remediation driver
• Sole source aquifer
Remedy selected
• Source excavation of
70,000 tons

Other remedies considered
• Ex situ thermal
• In situ electrical resistive
heating (ERH) and hot spot
excavation
RCRA Site (Level 2)
Significant GSR Elements
Significant GSR Elements Utilized
 Environmental
•
•
•
•

Triad for assessment
Efficient trip routing
No idling
Reduced CO2
emissions
Social
• Communication
• Reduced nuisance

Economic
• Time to completion
6300
CO2 Emissions (ton)
81
5850
500
Excavation
Ex situ
Thermal
In situ ERH &
Excavation
Potential Remedial Alternatives
82
RCRA Site (Level 2)
Summary



Benefits of GSR approach
• Reduced energy consumption and CO2 emissions
• Positive relations with stakeholders
Challenges to implementation of GSR
• Selection of an appropriate GSR evaluation approach
• Weighting of metrics
• Lack of incentives and recognition for facility
Lessons learned
• Clear communication and documentation key
• Construction worker/contractor understanding of GSR
benefits may take time
83
Brownfield Site (Level 3)
Overview




Evaluation method:
SiteWise™ and
Sustainable Remediation
Tools™ (SRT™)
GSR scope: applied during
Site Assessment and
Remedy Selection
GSR metrics: energy
consumption, air emissions
(including GHG), water
consumption, accident risk,
cost savings
GSR boundaries: both tools
account for material
manufacturing and site
impacts
Restored
Wetlands
High Point
Viewing Area
Pedestrian
Bridge
connecting
to North
Camden
Picnic Grove
And Picnic
Lawn
Softball,
Basketball
and
Playgrounds
Multi-use
Trails and 200-slip
Overlook Marina
s
Public
Library/Community
Center
Restaurant
&
Marina
Services
18-Hole
Miniature
Golf
Course
Source: Cooper’s Ferry Development Corp
Multi-use
Sports
Field
84
Brownfield Site (Level 3)
Site Remediation
Setting





NJDEP Brownfield Site
Former Landfill - chlorinated benzenes impacting soil and groundwater
Remediation Driver: Redevelopment
Interim Remedy Selected: Excavation
Other Remedies Considered: in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO), in situ
thermal remediation (ISTR)
Landfill waste
Gray/black clay
Silt with sand
Medium-fine sand
Red/brown clay
85
Brownfield Site (Level 3)
Significant GSR Elements

Environmental
• Triad - Membrane
Interface Probe
• Biofuels
• Footprint/Tool Comparison

Social
• Revitalize blighted
neighborhood
• Reduce accident risk

Economic
• Leverage public/private
investment for future
redevelopment
86
Brownfield Site (Level 3)
SiteWise™ Output
GHG
Emissions
Total energy
Used
Water
Consumption
NOx
Emissions
metric tons
MMBTU
gallons
metric tons
Consumables
108.18
1.00E+03
NA
NA
NA
TransportationPersonnel
19.35
2.20E+02
NA
3.30E+01
6.90E+00
1.60E+00 1.20E-04 8.30E-03
TransportationEquipment
0
0.00E+00
NA
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Equipment Use
and Misc
2,856.43
5.70E+04
2.80E+06
4.10E+00
1.90E+01
9.90E-04
1.60E-05 7.00E-03
0.71
1.70E+01
NA
7.60E-04
1.80E-04
1.10E-04
1.90E-06 3.90E-04
2,984.67
5.81E+04
2.80E+06
3.69E+01
2.63E+01
1.57E+00 1.38E-04 1.56E-02
Activities
Residual Handling
Total
Sustainable Remediation 2011, UMASS Amherst
SOx
Emissions
PM10
Emissions Accident
Accident
Risk
Risk Injury
Fatality
metric tons metric tons
NA
NA
NA
87
Brownfield Site (Level 3)
Summary

Benefits of GSR approach
• Triad process expedited investigation and
redevelopment, improved remediation
• Community institutions were strengthened
• Air emissions (including GHG) were reduced
• Project catalyzed neighborhood revitalization and
job creation will reduce poverty

Challenge to implementing GSR
• Weighting social, economic and environmental
metrics was difficult

Lessons learned
• Tool selection depends on amount of information
available and technologies being evaluated
88
Key Lessons from Case Studies




Flexibility: GSR process can be applied to a
variety of sites, remediation phases and
regulatory programs
Communication: Communication with
stakeholders is critical to successful application
of GSR
Assumptions: Because evaluation methods are
new, users must understand the assumptions of
the tools being used
Holistic: This holistic approach will minimize a
project’s life cycle impacts
89
GSR Training Wrap-Up
Introduction (Section 1 Tech Reg)
• Definitions
• GSR Intent and Benefits
GSR
Framework
GSR Planning (Section 2 Tech Reg)
• Common Considerations
• Relevant GSR Questions
GSR Implementation (Section 3 Tech Reg)
• Lifecycle Phase Approach
• Consistent Methodology
GSR Tools (Section 4 Tech Reg)
• Choosing the right tool
• Examples of BMPs, Simple, and Advanced Tools
Case Studies (Appendix C Tech Reg)
Training Wrap-Up
90
GSR Maturation
Environmental
Environmental
Economic
Environmental
Social
Economic
Theory
Social
Present
Economic
Social
GSR Potential
ITRC GSR-2: Figure 1-2
Adapted from International Union for Conservation of Nature, 2006
91
Remedial Industry GSR Growth
Regulatory
Recommended
GSR Guidance
User-Defined
Voluntary
GSR
Considerations
Policy
Discussion
92
Relationship to Other GSR Efforts
Information clearinghouse, Core
Elements, fact sheets, best management
practices, standard guide
Detailed information specific to metrics,
framework, and life-cycle assessment
White papers, BMPs, and incentives
Sustainable Remediation ToolTM,
SiteWiseTM Tool, Fact Sheets, Case
Studies
Practical guidance with a framework,
metrics and tools for remedial
practitioners
93
Concluding Statements

Make the ITRC GSR
Framework your own

GSR potential is limitless

Top-down or bottom-up,
integration is possible

Share your successes!
94
Thank You for Participating

2nd question and answer break

Links to additional resources
• http://www.clu-in.org/conf/itrc/gsr/resource.cfm

Feedback form – please complete
• http://www.clu-in.org/conf/itrc/gsr/feedback.cfm
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