Reducing Land Based Sources
of Marine Ecosystem Problems
CCICED Roundtable Meeting
April 27-28, 2011
Determinants of Ecosystem Health
• Water Quantity
– Water resource availability
• Upstream diversions
• Upstream consumptive uses
• Variability in precipitation
• Water Quality
– Upstream discharges
• Municipal and industrial
• Agricultural nonpoint sources
• Development and use of coastal lands
Agriculture in China’s Rural Economy
(gross output value 100 million yuan)
50000
45000
40000
35000
30000
Year Total
Year Farming
25000
Year Forestry
Year Animal
20000
Year Fishery
15000
10000
5000
0
1978 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 199920002001 200220032004200520062007
Efficiency in Agriculture Enhances
Resilience of Food Supply System
• Water conservation – saves water supply for
additional water use in the future, reduces
costs
• Precision nitrogen fertilizer use – protects local
water supplies, reduces costs
• Livestock manure management – utilizes
nutrients, protects local water supplies
Digesters Produce Fuel, Reduce GHG
Emissions, and Lower Local Air & Water
Pollution 沼气项目
Water, Biomass, & Nutrient Management in Rice
Production Reduces GHG, Conserves Water, Lowers
Pollution, Saves Money
水稻田项目
Precision Nitrogen Application Reduces
GHG Emissions, Lowers Water Pollution,
Saves Money
测土施肥
Test the
Soil !!
Environmental Effects
Source: http://www.epa.gov/sequestration/pdf/greenhousegas2005.pdf
Potential GHG Reductions
Scenarios for Agricultural GHG Reductions in
China 中国农业温室气体减排情景分析
CO2e二氧化碳当
量 Tonnes/HA/Yr
Croplands/
Practices措施
Low
High
Cropland
Area 耕地面积
106 HA/yr
CO2e 106 Tonnes/Yr
二氧化碳当量
Low
High
Reduced Tillage
少耕
0.50
2.00
156.3
78.15
312.60
Precision Fertilizer
精准施肥
0.70
2.00
156.3
109.41
312.60
Irrigation
Efficiency 提高灌
溉效率
0.80
1.75
58.50
46.80
102.38
Rice Water&Straw
水稻田和秸秆管理
3.00
10.00
29.20
87.60
292.00
321.96
1019.58
Total GHG Reductions:
温室气体减排总量
106 Tonnes CO2e
Source: CCICED Task Force on Rural Economy, Environment and Climate Change, 2009
来源： 国合会农村经济，环境和气候变化工作组，2009
Low Carbon Transit Card 低碳交通卡
• Mitigation & Adaptation 缓解与适应
GHG Reduction
温室气体减排
MRV
• Ecosystem Benefits
收益
生态系统的
• VER regulation
自愿减排额
购买低碳交通卡
度规章
监测，报告与核查
Listing on Exchange
交易所上市
LCTC Purchase
• Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin 北京,上海,
天津
Fund
基金
Farmers
农民
• Shanghai, Beijing,
Tianjin, Guangdong
上海，北京，天津，广东
• Green Commuting Fund
绿色出行基金
• Xinjiang, Sichuan
新疆，四川
Conclusions 结论
• The new urgency and stringency of environmental targets under
the 12th Five Year Plan require a renewed focus on policy
efficiency and specific implementing mechanisms
十二五规划将提出更严格更急迫的环境目标，这要求决策者重新
审视政策的效率
• Integrated policy frameworks can achieve multiple goals
simultaneously
综合政策框架可以同时实现多个目标
• The examples shown illustrate how environmental protection
policies can promote “inclusive growth” and increase incomes
例证展示了环保政策如何促进“共享式增长”
• AND reduce land based sources of pollution to protect the
ecosystem services of rivers and the sea