Spatial data for integrated
assessment of urban areas
Andrus Meiner
European Forum for Geostatistics
12 October 2011, Lisbon
Outline
• EEA work experience with geospatial
grids
• Examples of urban data used in State
of Environment 2010 report
• Urban metabolism as a central concept
of IUME - Integrated Urban Monitoring
for Europe
Improving our knowledge base
ICT strategy towards 2013
•
Enhance the EEA‘s capabilities around
spatial data
–
•
Increase EEA capacity to handle new
types of data
–
•
Spatial data sharing and integration, support to INSPIRE
near real time data, satellite data, citizen observations
(through mobile devices), models
Strengthen role of EEA as European
Environmental Data Centre and
–
contribute to the European Spatial Data Infrastructure
Use of reference grids in the EEA
•
Grids for reporting and analysis
▪
•
Grid-systems with Europe-wide coverage
▪
▪
•
EEA has extra-EU coverage of 32 + 7 countries
Grids hierarchy for different needs e.g. 0.1, 1, 10 km
Grids are used to analyse the environmental
issues and variables
▪
•
no primary data collection on grids
need for gridded socio-economic data
Increased use of grids in future
▪
data integration and assimilation
Concept: Land
and Ecosystem
Accounting
(LEAC)
CORINE Land Cover:
1990-2000-2006
Next CLC 2012
The approach to generate the land
accounting record for a stock
Indicators for Europe
Portugal
based on CLC2006 and change data
Net change in land cover
[% of initial year 2000]
Land cover 2006
[% of total]
2%
3%
3 .0
4%
6%
25%
8%
1 .0
17%
35%
- 1 .0
A rtific ial areas
A rable land & permanent c rops
P as tures & mos aic s
Fores ted land
Semi-natural vegetation
O pen s pac es / bare s oils
Wetlands
Water bodies
Source: EEA, based on Corine LC 2006
Urban Growth in Europe
Urban growth
115
Economic sites
Residential sites
Percentage increase
110
Population
105
100
95
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
IUME
Integrated Urban Monitoring in
Europe
Combining European data sources and approaches:
different urban delineations and indicators of urban flows
data
questions
http://iume.ew.eea.europa.eu/
system
Data: overview
main typologies of urban delineations in Europe
•
•
•
•
Urban Audit
Urban Atlas
GMES Land (Corine LC Class 1, HR Soil sealing)
UMZ Urban Morphological Zones (built up areas
•
ESPON
less than 200 m apart)
–
MUA Morphological Urban Areas
–
FUA Functional Urban Areas (beyond admin borders)
•
•
MOLAND (urban areas + periurban buffers)
Air quality Zones and agglomerations in relation to EU air
•
Noise
quality thresholds
urbanised areas (defined by MS)
Data: types, scales, time series
Eurostat
Urban Audit
CORINE Land Cover
Noise
Soil sealing
Urban Atlas
AirBase
Water (WTP)
Noise (END)
European Soil DB
Natura 2000
Urban coverage
10% Europe
60% Population
UMZ changes
Example of Barcelona 1990-2000
16
Intensity
soil sealing
UMZ + Urban intensity (70%)
Nature
need for urban green areas
Climate change adaptation: heat waves
Degree of soil sealing (UMZ) and predicted increase of tropical nights
Green urban areas: share and access
Brussels
Different delineations for different
purposes
Static
Administrative
Functional
Morphological
Planning &
Management
Socio-economic
Biophysical
process
Dynamic
Regular grid - common interface for integration
different delineations and other types of data
Unemployment Disaggregation
2001 (Eurostat)
Ref. Grid 1ha
CLC 2000 (EEA)
Aggregation
Weighted
by
Population
Integration
Population Grid
2001 (JRC)
Integration
OLAP CUBE
different spatial
reporting units
System: Basic metabolism concept
Physical exchanges between the urban system and the environment
Source for Urban Metabolism concept: Minx et al., 2011
Determinants
of urban
metabolism
Basic structure of the proposed
indicator system (4 types)
Extending the
urban metabolism
concept for
environmental
impacts
Adapted from Alberti (1996)
Towards an urban metabolism
database
Example: Densities and GHG emissions
City of Manchester
Quantifying urban
metabolism
Downscaling data to levels of higher spatial resolution
• Pragmatic, feasible indicator system
–
–
–
administrative delineations of cities as boundaries,
metabolic flows as main content
Additional information on urban drivers, patterns and quality
• Potential of a geo-demographic approach
–
–
–
higher spatial resolution
more variables (flows, patterns, lufestyles)
downscaling environmental information
• Urban metabolism as systemic backbone
for IUME - Integrated Urban Monitoring for Europe
- Synthesis
- Part A – Europe and the World
• ...
• Urbanisation and
consumption
• ...
- Part B – Thematic assessments
• ...
• Land use
• Urban environment
• ...
- Part C – Country sketches
http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer
Thank you!
http://www.eea.europa.eu
Contact: Andrus.Meiner@eea.europa.eu
The aim of IUME initiative
•
Provide an overview about existing urban
delineation in Europe and their context,
•
Show the consequences of working with
different delineations, and
•
Develop methods and tools to overcome the
difficulties and show ways for data
integration
Future research needs
Downscaling data to levels of higher spatial resolution
•
allowing better links between urbanisation dynamics,
sprawl and their environmental impacts in more detail.
•
Availability of metabolic flow data for functional and
morphological urban delineations, not only for
administrative geographies.
•
Potential of geo-demographics.
•
A scoping of requirements for data with a higher
spatial resolution across European institutions.
•
Review of methods for downscaling information.