6th Meeting of the Low-Carbon Model Town Task Force
APEC Low Carbon Model Town (LCMT)
Project Phase 3
Feasibility Study for Ngu Hanh Son District
in Da Nang City, Viet Nam
46th Meeting of
the APEC Energy Working Group and Associated Meetings
18th November, 2013
Submitted by
Masakazu ITAKURA (Project Officer) from NEWJEC Inc.
1
Project Purpose
The key objective of the Project is to provide a Feasibility Study on the Redevelopment witch deals with the existing urban districts in Da Nang (Viet Nam), with
a large focus on Ngu Hanh Son District. This will be done by investigating CO2
reduction visions, and verifying how to develop attractive, low-carbon development
plan.
Ngu Hanh Son
District is long skinny
district between the
East Sea and the Han
River.
This area is 39.12km2
and the population is
approximately 70,667.
2
Scope of work Outline
Outline of APEC Low Carbon Model Town (LCMT) Project Phase 3
Present Situation and Issues for the Urbanization of Da Nang LCT Development Project
Phase 1: Report on Low-Carbon Strategy for Da Nang Low-Carbon town Development
Project
Feedback！
Da Nang People’s Committee (Implementation Board)
Phase 2: Report on Analyses of CO2 Reductions and Costs for the Selected Design
Measures
Phase 3: Report Study on the Implementing Methodology of Proposed CO2 Reductions
Measures
Phase 4: Finalization of the Feasibility Study Report with Executive Summary
3
Approach to a High-Level Vision for LCMT in Da Nang
1. Regional
challenges
- Re-development
- Sprawl
- Deterioration of the landscape
- Excess of sewage
- Traffic growth
2. Improve
attractiveness
3. Benchmark of
low-carbon
- Urban development
- Resort beach
- Define the environmental target
- Tourism
- Prepare a low-carbon Guideline
- Evaluate cost of CO2 reduction
- Select CO2 reduction measures
4. LCMT Introduced
measures
With the sustainable development of the future, the realization of attractive
and innovative urban development!!
4
Legal Framework and Policies in Da Nang City
1) Da Nang’s master plan for socio-economic development up to 2020
2) A General Plan for 2000 - 2020 in Da Nang City
3) Building Da Nang City as An Environmental City (Aug. 2008)
Based on the Agenda 21 of Viet Nam government (PM Decision, 2004)
To aim at a sustainable development with the target year 2020,
To develop many different environmental issues such as: air pollution reduction,
waste treatment and recycling, energy conservation, and renewable energy.
However, not indicate any scope and measure challenging climate change
issues, GHG emission reduction and low-carbon city.
1) "Carbon Emission Situation Study at Da Nang City”(2011) cooperated
by Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)
2) "Action Plan in Responding to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise for
Da Nang up to 2020" financed by Rockefeller Foundation
3) ”Sustainable Urban Energy Program”(2011 to 2013) cooperated by Aus
AID and World Bank
4) "Low-carbon Model Town Project Phase 3 " (2013) by APEC
Policy development
5
CO2 Emission Estimation in the Base Year
Estimated CO2 emissions for the base year 2010 in Ngu Hanh Son District totaled
95,720 tonnes of CO2e (CO2 equivalent).
Table 3.2.2 CO2 emissions by category in the base year 2010 in Ngu Hanh Son District.
Greenhouse Gas
Category (sector – subsector)
CO2
[103 tonnes]
CH4
[103 tonnes]
CO2e
[103 tonnes]
Percentage
[%]
77.34
80.79
1. Energy
77.34
- Manufacturing industries and construction
30.22
-
30.22
31.57
- Transportation
16.99
-
16.99
17.75
6.89
-
6.89
7.19
23.24
-
23.24
24.28
- Commercial/institutional
- Residential
2. Waste
-
0.88
18.39
19.21
- Solid waste
-
0.32
6.81
7.12
- Wastewater
-
- Industrial wastewater
-
0.55
11.58
12.09
0.88
95.72
100.00
Total
77.34
6
Population forecast in Da Nang City
3,000,000
Hoa Vang
Cam Le
Ngu Hanh Son
Son Tra
Hai Chau
Thanh Khe
Lien Chieu
2,500,000
Persons
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Year
7
Projections of COe2 emissions by category towards 2030
in Ngu Hanh Son District according to (BAU Scenario – High Growth).
[Ngu Hanh Son District]
Category
Emissions in CO2e [k tonnes]
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
1. Energy
77
126
237
436
662
- Manufacturing industries
30
31
32
33
34
- Transportation
17
27
43
69
131
7
18
52
120
197
- Residential
23
50
110
214
300
2. Waste
18
32
45
71
98
- Solid waste
7
13
21
38
61
- Wastewater
12
19
24
33
37
96
158
283
508
760
% of 2010 base year emissions
100%
165%
295%
530%
794%
Population [persons]
68,270
111,125
178,571
287,589
370,142
- Commercial/institutional
Total
8
Setting out CO2 emissions reduction target towards 2030 in accordance
with the “National Green Growth Strategy”
kt-CO2/year
11,000
BAU scenario for 2030
10,000
- Wastewater
9,000
- Solid waste
8,000
7,000
20
%
▼
30
%
▼
- Residential
- Commercial/institutional
- Transportation
6,000
- Manufacturing industries
5,000
BAU scenario for 2020
4,000
10%▼
20%▼
3,000
2,000
Base year (2010)
1,000
0
2010
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Year
9
BS-H (BAU Scenario – High Growth)
Options for CO2e emission reduction targets
Ngu Hanh Son District
Target Year
Option
A
B
C
Target
Contents
2020
2030
Reductions from BAU
28 ktCO2e
76 ktCO2e
% above base year level
166 %
615 %
Reductions from BAU
57 ktCO2e
152 ktCO2e
% above base year level
136 %
535 %
Reductions from BAU
85 ktCO2e
228 ktCO2e
% above base year level
107 %
456 %
10% from BAU
20% from BAU
30% from BAU
N.B. Target figures indicated in blue and red are in accordance with the
voluntary reduction target the “National Green Growth Strategy”
10
Categories Establishment for Creating a Low Carbon Town
Possible low carbon measures for Ngu Hanh Son District in Da Nang City can
be divided into nine categories listed below:
(1) Buildings
(2) Transportation
(3) Energy - Energy Management System
(4) Energy - Area Energy Network
(5) Energy - Untapped Energy
(6) Energy - Renewable Energy
(7) ICT Control
(8) Environment
(9) Water Supply and Sewage
11
Categories and Possible CO2 Reduction Measures for Example…
1. Buildings
- Introduction of a system
of comprehensive
environment benchmarks
that target buildings. etc.
2. Transportation
- Facilitation of the spread of electric
motor-bakes and charging facilities. etc.
9. Water Supply and
Sewage
- Bio generation by
utilization of water
treatment sludge. etc.
8. Environment
Planning
- Making
environmental
initiatives visible.
etc.
7. ICT Control
- Optimized control of traffic
flow due to an ITS (intelligent
transportation system) . etc.
23 Possible CO2
Reduction Measures
6. Energy - Renewable Energy
- Purification and power
generation utilization of biogas
(digestive gas) . etc.
3. Energy - Energy
Management System
- Stabilization of the
electric power supply
by a high capacity
electrical storage
facility. etc.
4. Energy - Area
Energy Network
- Heat pump style
cooling system that
uses river water and
ocean water. etc.
5. Energy Untapped Energy
- Power supplied
by renewable
energy from wind
power and solar
power. etc.
12
Four Viewpoints for Determining Guidelines
With these ideas in mind, the following four points are established as a guideline
(evaluation viewpoints) in order to create a low carbon town in Ngu Hanh Son District
Viewpoint 1: measures by which a large volume of CO2 reductions are expected.
Viewpoint 2: measures whose cost-effectiveness is large.
Viewpoint 3: measures that may contribute to solving the area‘s current challenges
in addition to global warming. (*1)
Viewpoint 4: measures that may lead to sustainable development and increasing
attractiveness. (*2)
(*1) The main current challenges are Re-development, Sprawl, Deterioration of the landscape and Energy supply.
(*2) The main attractiveness is Low carbon town, Resort beach, Tourism and Sustainable.
13
Result of calculation
100000
(2-1) EV-bike (18Pt)
(5-1) Bio-Generation (21Pt)
(9-2) Bio-gas (13Pt)
(5-2) Garbage (15Pt)
(1-1) CASBEE (20Pt)
(2-3) Subway (8Pt)
(2-2) BRT (18Pt)
(1-1) CASBEE (20Pt)
10000
(1-2) E-Saving (14Pt)
(2-1) EV-bike (18Pt)
(2-2) BRT (18Pt)
(2-3) Subway (8Pt)
(7-3) ITS (14Pt)
(3-1) ES-Facility (8Pt)
(3-1) ES-Facility (8Pt)
(3-2) Peak Power (7Pt)
(4-1) Heat Pump (10Pt)
(1-2) E-Saving (14Pt)
ｔCO2/year
(4-2) Waste Heat (8Pt)
(4-1) Heat Pump (10Pt)
1000
(5-1) Bio-Generation (21Pt)
(9-1) Water Supply (9Pt)
(5-2) Garbage (15Pt)
(7-1) LED (15Pt)
(8-3) Planting Trees (16Pt)
(5-3) BDF (9Pt)
(6-1) Wind & Solor (10Pt)
(6-1) Wind & Solor (10Pt)
(4-2) Waste Heat (8Pt)
(6-2) PSPS (0Pt)
(7-1) LED (15Pt)
100
(7-2) Multiple (7Pt)
(5-3) BDF (9Pt)
Implementation Board
(7-2) Multiple (7Pt)
(7-3) ITS (14Pt)
(7-4) Smart Mater (7Pt)
(8-1) Visible (9Pt)
(7-4) Smart Mater (7Pt)
(8-2) Citizens (12Pt)
10
1
Policy for Selecting
Measures in This Project
(8-2) Citizens (12Pt)
(8-1) Visible (9Pt) (3-2) Peak Power (7Pt)
1
10
(8-3) Planting Trees (16Pt)
(9-1) Water Supply (9Pt)
(9-2) Bio-gas (13Pt)
(6-2) PSPS (0Pt)
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
Initial Cost （1000USD)
14
1. Buildings
Introduction of a system of
comprehensive environmental
benchmarks that target buildings
2. Transportation – Motorcycle
Facilitation of the spread of electric
motor-bikes and charging facilities
3. Transportation – BRT
Introduction of a Bus Rapid Transit
system
4. Untapped Energy – Waste Water
Purification and power generation
utilizing of biogas (digestive gas)
5. Untapped Energy – Solid Waste
Biomass generation from kitchen
garbage
6. ICT Control LED
Optimum management and energy
conservation of the street lights through
LED lighting
15
1. Buildings
3.0
BEE=1.0
1.5
120%
Sustainable
A
S
B+
Eco-friendly
50
B0.5
Modern
Vernacular
C
Most of the
buildings resulted
in B+(Good)
～ B-(Slightly poor)
→ Ranked in
Modern
0
80%
60%
B40%
A
50
L:Enviromental Load
100
S
B+
20%
Examples in Japan
Results in DaNang
線形 (Examples in Japan)
0%
0
CO2 reduction is
possible by
increasing the
buildings ranked
in S: Eco-Friendly
and Sustainable
100%
CO2-Emission Rate
Q:Enviromental Quality
100
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
BEE
4.0
5.0
6.0
Results of the site survey in Da Nang City based on CASBEE* system
Step 1 Development of Assessment System/ Tool
for Built Environmental Performance
Step 2 Administrative procedure of Assessment system
Step 3 Action plan of environmental public building construction
-Starting of the measure implementation in 2015
-Target number of buildings at 50% of new construction
buildings
-Expected implementation rate at 50% of target
number of buildings
-Expected CO2 reduction ratio with 25% reduction for
common building
Approx.
11,764
tCO2/year
(6%)
reduction
from BAU
Contents
CASBEE system
Total CO2 Reduction Volume
11,764 tCO2/year
*CASBEE: Comprehensive Assessment System for Building
Environmental Efficiency (JSBC in Japan)
16
Shift to
Electric MC
2. Transportation-Motorcycles
Shift to BRT
Share of means of transportation in Da Nang City in 2010
Share of means of transportation in Da Nang City in 2030
Policy1: Diffusion & Educational Activities
Policy2: Preferential Treatment concerning Taxes
& Subsidy for Purchase
Policy3: Parking Areas for Electric Motorcycles
Contents
Shift to Electric Motorcycle
Description
Total CO2 Reduction Volume
57,483 tCO2/year
Shift from gasoline to Electric Motorcycle
17
3. Transportation-BRT
Contents
Shift to BRT
Description
Total CO2 Reduction Volume
28,515 tCO2/year
Shift from car & motorcycle to BRT
18
4. Untapped Energy - Waste Water
(A) Reduction of CO2 emissions when generate
electricity using the methane recovery
Contents
+
(A) Generator
(B) CO2 Reduction due to be
recovered methane
(B) Digestion Tank
CH4 Volume
1,770.0tCH4/year
CO2 Conversion
37,170.0tCO2/year
Generation Volume
4,765,267.4kWh/year
CO2 Conversion
2,578.0tCO2/year
Total CO2 Reduction Volume
→ /2,112kWh = 2,260 Household
39,748 tCO2/year
Population = 370,142 (Ngu Hanh Son District (Y2030))
19
5. Untapped Energy - Solid Waste
(A) Suppress the naturally occurring
methane gas from the landfill
CH4
＝
+
(B) To power generation and purified
methane gas from garbage
CO2
×
×
Cut!
Cut!
Contents
(A) landfill
CH4 Volume
1,757.0 tGH4/year
CO2 Conversion
21,085.0 tCO2/year
Generation Volume
48,462.0 kWh/year
(B) Generator
→ /2,112kWh = 23 Household
CO2 Conversion
Total CO2 Reduction Volume
8,783.0 tCO2/year
29,868 tCO2/year
Population = 370,142 (Ngu Hanh Son District (Y2030))
20
6. ICT Control LED - Optimum Management and Energy Conservation of Street
Lights
(A) Replacing the existing street lights to LED
(B) Smart street lighting system
System Manager
Cost Reduction
Maintenance costs
LED, HPS
Scheduling,
Lighting control
Fault monitoring
Initial cost (lease)
and
Operational cost
Ballast
PLC Node
Maintenance costs
Center Server
Electricity charges
Power Line
Communications
(PLC)
Electricity charges
Internet
Reduce by
Lighting Control
Communication line
Power Usage
Smart Server
PM 6 :0 0
AM 6 :0 0
Contents
CO2 Reduction
Total CO2 Reduction Volume
327 tCO2/year
21
Estimated CO2 reductions by the six countermeasures when implemented
to Ngu Hanh Son District over the period of 2015 to 2030.
1. The CO2 reductions by the six countermeasures when implemented will total
54.1kt-CO2 in 2020 and 167.7kt-CO2 in 2030.
2. The total amount of CO2 reductions (161kt-CO2) in 2030 consists of:
(1) 57.5kt by electric motorcycles
(2) 39.7kt by CH4 use (wastewater)
(3) 29.9kt by CH4 use (solid waste)
(4) 28.5kt by BRT
(5) 11.8kt by EES of buildings
(6) 0.3kt by ICT Control - LED
CO2 Reductions by 6 countermeasures
Unit: t-CO2
BS-H
emission
s
Reductio
ns target
2010
95,722
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
2015
157,759
14,140
534
921
0
0
0
0
1,455
0.92
2020
282,795
28,280
2,672
8,880
6,354
25,869
10,265
57
54,097
19.13
2025
507,575
90,144
6,948
33,366
17,052
35,118
19,339
327
112,151
22.10
2030
760,044
152,009
11,764
57,483
28,515
39,722
29,868
327
167,680
2222.06
Year
EES of
buildings
Electric
motor
cycle
Waste
Water
BRT
ICT
Control
LED
Solid
Waste
% of BSH Level
Total
Roadmap for reducing CO2 by implementing the six countermeasures
to Ngu Hanh Son District towards 2030.
1. In comparison with the proposed reductions targets in accordance with the
National Green Growth Strategy (NGGS), the CO2 reductions expected will total:
■ 19.2% of the BAU scenario emissions in 2020 (Target: 10%)
■ 21.2% of the BAU scenario emissions in 2030 (Target: 20%)
t-CO2/year
Just over
the target
800,000
BAU emissions
LED
700,000
CO2 reductions by
6 countermeasures
CH4 (solid waste)
CH4 (wastewater)
21.2%
Target
600,000
BRT
Electric motorcycle
500,000
The NGGS target (30% reductions) in 2030 consists of:
EES of buildings
Forecasted emissions
(A) 20% reductions by voluntary effort
400,000
300,000
+
Target
[additional]
(B) 10% reductions by international support
200,000
100,000
0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Year
23
Thank you for your Attention
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