FHM TRAINING TOOLS
This training presentation is part of FHM’s
commitment to creating and keeping safe
workplaces.
Be sure to check out all the training programs
that are specific to your industry.
Indoor Air Quality
Understanding IAQ
•
HEALTH EFFECTS
•
CAUSATIVE AGENTS
•
SOURCES
•
CONTROL METHODOLOGIES
•
LEGISLATION
HEALTH
EFFECTS
Health Effects
SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)
VS
BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)
Health Effects
•
SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)
–
A PERSISTENT SET OF SYMPTOMS IN > 20%
–
CAUSE(S) NOT RECOGNIZABLE
–
COMPLAINTS/SYMPTOMS RELIEVED AFTER
EXITING BUILDING
Health Effects
•
SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)
–
EYE, NOSE, OR THROAT IRRITATION
–
HEADACHES
–
FATIGUE
–
REDUCED MENTATION
–
IRRITABILITY
Health Effects
•
SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)
–
DRY SKIN
–
NASAL CONGESTION
–
DIFFICULTY BREATHING
–
NOSE BLEEDS
–
NAUSEA
Health Effects
•
BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)
–
CLINICALLY RECOGNIZED DISEASE
–
EXPOSURE TO INDOOR AIR
POLLUTANTS
–
RECOGNIZABLE CAUSES
Health Effects
•
BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)
–
PONTIAC FEVER - LEGIONELLA spp.
–
LEGIONNAIRE’S DISEASE
–
HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS
–
HUMIDIFIER FEVER
Health Effects
•
BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)
–
ASTHMA
–
ALLERGY
–
RESPIRATORY DISEASE
•
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASE (COPD)
Causative Agents
Causative Agents
•
INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPES
–
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
–
VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES
–
RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES
–
RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS
–
BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS
–
RADIONUCLIDES
–
ODORS
Causative Agents
•
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
–
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
–
OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NOX)
–
OXIDES OF SULFUR (SOX)
–
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
–
POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBON’S (PAH)
–
TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS
Causative Agents
•
VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS
–
ALCOHOLS - ISOPROPANOL
–
ALDEHYDES - FORMALDEHYDE
–
ALIPHATICS - CYCLOHEXANE
–
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - 4PC
–
ESTERS - ETHYL ACETATE
–
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS -
TCE
Causative Agents
• RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES
– ASBESTOS
• CHRYSOTILE
• AMOSITE
• CROCIDOLITE
– FIBERGLASS
– INORGANIC DUSTS (MINERAL)
Causative Agents
•
RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES
–
METALLIC DUSTS
•
LEAD
–
ORGANIC DUSTS
–
PAPER DUSTS
–
POLLEN
Causative Agents
•
RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS
–
WATER VAPOR
–
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
–
ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS
–
TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS
Causative Agents
•
BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS
–
MOLDS & FUNGI
–
BACTERIA
–
PROTOZOA
–
VIRUSES
Causative Agents
•
RADIONUCLIDES
–
RADON
–
RADON PROGENY (DAUGHTERS)
Causative Agents
• ODORS
– ODORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANY INDOOR AIR
CONTAMINANT TYPE
• INDEPENDENTLY
• IN COMBINATION
Sources
Sources
•
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
–
KEROSENE HEATERS
–
LOADING DOCKS
–
WOOD STOVES/UNVENTED GAS STOVES
–
NEARBY TRAFFIC
Sources
• VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES
- ADHESIVES & CAULKING COMPOUNDS
- CARPETING & DRAPERY
- PARTICLE BOARD
Sources
•
VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES
–
FLOOR & WALL COVERINGS
–
PAINTS, VARNISHES AND STAINS
–
UPHOLSTERY
Sources
•
RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES
–
ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS)
–
CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS
–
OUTDOOR AIR
–
PLANTS & PLANT PARTS
–
PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Sources
PARTICULATE PHASE OF
CIGARETTE SMOKE
4-AMINOBIPHENYL
ANATABINE
ANILINE
BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE
BENZ[A]PYRENE
BENZOIC ACID
BUTYROLACTONE
NITROSODIETHANOLAMINE
NICKEL
NICOTINE
PHENOL
POLONIUM-210
QUINOLINE
SUCCINIC ACID
2-TOLUIDINE
CADMIUM
Sources
VAPOR PHASE OF
CIGARETTE SMOKE
HYDROGEN CYANIDE
ACETONE
1,3-BUTADIENE
CARBON MONOXIDE
DIMETHYLAMINE
CARBONYL SULFIDE
METHYL CHLORIDE
AMMONIA
ACETALDEHYDE
ACROLEIN
BENZENE
FORMALDEHYDE
HYDRAZINE
ETHANE
PYRIDINE
FORMIC ACID
Sources
•
RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS
–
PEOPLE
–
PLANTS
Sources
•
BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS
–
HVAC SYSTEMS
–
COOLING TOWERS
–
HUMANS/ANIMALS
–
STAGNANT WATER RESERVOIRS
–
HUMIDIFIERS
Sources
•
RADIONUCLIDES (RADON - 222Rn)
–
SOIL
–
WATER
–
BUILDING MATERIALS
–
NATURAL GAS
Control
Methodologies
Control Methodologies
•
PREVENTING IAQ PROBLEMS
–
SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
–
EQUIPMENT
–
HUMAN ACTIVITIES
–
BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS
–
OTHER SOURCES
–
VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS
–
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Control Methodologies
• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
– CONTAMINATED OUTDOOR AIR
• POLLEN, DUST, FUNGI
• INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS
• GENERAL VEHICLE EXHAUST
Control Methodologies
• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
– EMISSIONS FROM NEARBY SOURCES
• PARKING LOTS/GARAGES
• LOADING DOCKS/DUMPSTERS
• RE-ENTRAINED BUILDING EXHAUST
• LOCATION OF SUPPLY INTAKES
Control Methodologies
• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
– SOIL GAS
• RADON
• UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LEAKING)
• LANDFILL
• PESTICIDE APPLICATION
Control Methodologies
• SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING
– STANDING WATER
• ROOFTOPS
• CRAWLSPACES
Control Methodologies
• EQUIPMENT
– HVAC SYSTEM
• DUST/DIRT/GROWTH IN DUCTS
• GROWTH IN DRIP PANS
• IMPROPER USE OF BIOCIDES
• IMPROPER VENTING
Control Methodologies
• EQUIPMENT
– NON-HVAC EQUIPMENT
• EMISSIONS FROM OFFICE EQUIPMENT
• SUPPLIES (SOLVENTS, TONERS, ETC.)
• EMISSIONS FROM LABS, CLEANING
• OTHER MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Control Methodologies
• HUMAN ACTIVITIES
– PERSONAL ACTIVIITES
• SMOKING
• COOKING
• PERSONAL HYGIENE (BODY ODORS)
• COSMETIC ODORS
Control Methodologies
• HUMAN ACTIVITIES
– HOUSEKEEPING ACTIVIITES
• CLEANING MATERIALS
• CLEANING PROCEDURES
• STORED SUPPLIES & TRASH
• DEODORIZERS & FRAGRANCES
Control Methodologies
• HUMAN ACTIVITIES
– MAINTENANCE ACTIVIITES
• COOLING TOWERS
• PAINTS, CAULKS, ETC.
• PEST CONTROL
• STORED SUPPLIES
Control Methodologies
•
BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS
–
LOCATIONS THAT COLLECT DUST
–
DAMAGED MATERIALS
–
UNSANITARY CONDITIONS
Control Methodologies
•
BUILDING COMPONENTS &
FURNISHINGS
–
WATER DAMAGE
–
DRY TRAPS - SEWER GAS
–
CHEMICAL RELEASE OR OFF-GASING
Control Methodologies
• OTHER SOURCES
– ACCIDENTAL EVENTS
• SPILLS
• FLOODING
• FIRE DAMAGE (PCB’S)
Control Methodologies
•
OTHER SOURCES
–
SPECIAL USE AREAS
•
SMOKING LOUNGES
•
LABORATORIES
•
PRINT SHOPS
•
ART ROOMS - GRAPHIC DESIGN
Control Methodologies
•
OTHER SOURCES
–
SPECIAL USE AREAS
•
EXERCISE ROOMS
•
BEAUTY SALONS
•
FOOD PREPARATION AREAS
Control Methodologies
•
OTHER SOURCES
–
REDECORATING/REMODELING/REPAIR
•
NEW FURNISHINGS
•
DUST & FIBERS FROM DEMOLITION
•
ODORS & VOC’S (PAINT, ETC.)
•
MICROBIOLOGICALS FROM DEMOLITION
Control Methodologies
• VENTILATION TO MEET
OCCUPANT NEEDS
– ASHRAE STANDARDS (ASHRAE 621989)
• TEMPERATURE
• RELATIVE HUMIDITY
• MINIMUM OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS
• CO2 LEVELS BELOW 1000 PPM
Control Methodologies
• VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT
NEEDS
– ENGINEERING CONTROLS
• MODIFY VENTILATION SYSTEM
• MODIFY PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS
• FILTERS
Control Methodologies
• VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT
NEEDS
– ENGINEERING CONTROLS
• PRECIPITATORS
• ION GENERATORS
• HUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS
Control Methodologies
•
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
–
POPULATION DENSITY
–
LIGHTING
–
NOISE
–
ERGONOMICS
Control Methodologies
•
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
–
MANAGEMENT STYLES
–
MONITORED WORK STATIONS
–
RE-ENTRY CRITERIA
–
NO NEWS IS GOOD NEWS
LEGISLATION
Legislation
•
OSHA IAQ STANDARD
–
LEGISLATION PENDING
–
AFL-CIO PETITIONED OSHA
–
14 AFFILIATED UNIONS HAVE
PETITIONS PENDING
Legislation
• NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD
– SPECIFIC TEMPERATURES
• 68 - 74.5 OF WINTER
• 73 - 79 OF SUMMER
– 30 - 60% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
– 20 CFM OUTSIDE AIR/PERSON
Legislation
• NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD
– SMOKING ROOM AIR ON SEPARATE SYSTEM
– RENOVATION - ISOLATED
– PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
• HVAC SYSTEM
– RECORD KEEPING - VENTILATION SYSTEM
MAINTENANCE
EPA “Sick Building” Suit
• WATERSIDE MALL BUILDING
– EPA HEADQUARTERS, WASHINGTON,
D.C.
• 19 EMPLOYEES