Superior filtration solutions to improve the quality of life.
HVAC Air Filtration
Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
Industrial Air Filtration
Liquid Filtration
Automotive Filters
Human Protection
Engineering & Services
08.03.2012
Garry Pangborn
March 8, 2012
Freudenberg Filtration Technologies
HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL
The Air We Breath - Sizes of Common Particles
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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The Air We Breathe - Particle Size Distribution of Atmospheric Air
Primarily NaturallyOccurring
 The activities of
modern society have
greatly increased
presence of submicron particles
Primarily
Man-made
Fine
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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The Air We Breathe – Health & Wellness Considerations

Every day, the typical adult in the U.S.:
 Eats 3 lbs of food
 Drinks 4 lbs of fluids
 Breathes 35 lbs of air!

Particles are deposited into respiratory tract; the
smaller the particle, the deeper it can reach

EPA estimates that people spend 90% of time
indoors

Sick Building Syndrome, Building Related
Illness, Pandemics

Productivity benefits of improved IAQ (Indoor
Air Quality)

Increases in allergy and asthma cases
nationwide

Increasing evidence that disease can spread via
airborne routes (droplet nuclei)
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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The Air We Breathe – Dust Concentrations
 What is the dust concentration in this room?
 10 to 50 μg/m3
 What is it in the extremes in the world?
 Lowest recorded – Antarctica at 0.00001
μg/m3
 Highest recorded – Sandstorms at
4,000 to 6,000 μg/m3
 What is Urban Typical?
 In the United States – 20 to 50 μg/m3
 In China – 300 to 500 μg/m3
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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Air Filtration Mechanisms
Electrostatic
Inertial Impaction
Attraction
(+)
(-)
Filter
Fiber
Brownian Diffusion
Interception
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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Filter Efficiency - Filtration Mechanisms Working Together
 Filter Efficiency is the
combination of the
various capture schemes
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study

Sieving

Inertial impaction

Interception

Diffusion

Electrostatic
attraction
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Filtration Efficiency - What is MERV?
Minimum Efficiency Reporting
Value (MERV)
ASHRAE 52.2 MERV Table
 ASHRAE 52.2 standard
 Classification system for
filters based upon particle
capture efficiency
 Numerical designation
between 1 and 16
LEED Point for
MERV Level ≥13
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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Filter Pressure Drop and Energy
 Energy consumption impact: Up to 30% of fan energy usage due
to filter pressure drop
Governing equation for
how lower ΔP equates to
lower energy usage:
Energy =
Q x ΔP x t
η
where…
Q = volumetric flow rate
ΔP = pressure drop
t = time
Target operating zone.
η = motor-fan efficiency
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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Filter Pressure Drop and Energy
Optimum Filter Change-out Timing
Goal should be to changeout filters at the lowest
point on this curve.
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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Filter Selection Criteria
 Life cycle costs most
important
 Note difference in
values between LCC
and Initial Cost
 Avoidance of catastrophic
failures due to blowout or
moisture are noteworthy
 Fit and MERV naturally a
key criteria
 Vendor knowledge /
service is valued
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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Filter Types by Efficiency Levels
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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A Case Study in Energy and Life Cycle Cost Savings
Case Study Background
 Interest in energy savings and sustainability

Business and Aerospace Building, 3rd Floor

Pursued side-by-side energy consumption comparison study
Business & Aerospace Bldg
Single-stage
2-Stage System
vs.
Filter Installation
 Side access housing
 4 rows of 20” tall tracks
 Two stages
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 Single stage – no pre-filter

2” pleated pre-filter

20”x24”x12” box filter

20”x24”x20” pocket
filter
 5 columns of filters 24” wide
 Side-load gasketing
 4 pockets per filter
HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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A Case Study in Energy and Life Cycle Cost Savings
Head-to-Head Pressure Drop Across Filter Banks
Data courtesy
MTSU
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A Case Study in Energy and Life Cycle Cost Savings
Illustration of Pressure Drop Comparison Across Filter Banks
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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A Case Study in Energy and Life Cycle Cost Savings
Energy Monitoring

ABB variable
frequency drives
(VFD)

30 HP motors

Hourly data logging
of motor voltage and
current for each air
handler

Power data then
tabulated in Excel
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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A Case Study in Energy and Life Cycle Cost Savings
Energy Monitoring Results
Data courtesy
MTSU
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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A Case Study in Energy and Life Cycle Cost Savings
Filter Pressure Drop Checks under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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Sustainability Impact – In Addition to Energy Reduction
 Potential waste reduction on campus

Major reduction in filter usage
 Pre-filters eliminated
 3x lifetime of typical box/cell filters
Filter Qty: 300  20
93% potential
reduction in usage
over 3 yr period
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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Filtration Life Cycle Cost Reduction
 Note importance of
energy consumption
Initial Filter
Costs
 For every 0.1” w.g.
reduction in P there is
an energy savings of
$17 per filter per year
(@ $0.06 per kWh)
Operating
Costs
 Case Study Total Cost of Ownership Impact
(over 3 years)

Energy Cost
44%

Filter Cost
54%

Labor Cost
86%
 Overall
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50%
HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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Additional University Case Studies
Additional Example #1
Southeast
Additional Example #2 - Midwest
Additional Example #3
Northeast
 V-bank Type Filter (no pre-filter)
 Pocket Filter (no pre-filter)
 Filter dP after 24 months
of service: 0.24” w.c. (new
= 0.20” w.c.)
Previous Incumbent:
Pre-filters:
changed quarterly
Final filters: changed
every 12-18 months
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 Filter dP at 30 months of service: 0.68”
w.c. (new 0.28” w.c.)
 Case study presented at 2010 MIAPPA
summer conference:
www.fm.wmich.edu/miappa/conf/s10/index.html
 Pocket Filter (no pre-filter)
 Filter dP after 40 months of
service: 0.29” w.c.
Previous Incumbent:
Pre-filters:
changed quarterly
Final filters: changed
annually
HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
Previous Incumbent:
Pre-filters:
changed quarterly
Final filters: changed
every 12-18 months
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Greenguard Certification
Check air filters for
certification

3rd party qualification

Assesses emissions of VOC’s (i.e. formaldehyde)

Evaluates product for mold/fungi growth
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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Trends in Air Filtration Market
 Elimination of roll filters
 Consolidation of 2-stage pleated filter + box filter to long-life pocket
technology or V-bank filters
 Higher efficiencies (LEED - MERV 13)
 End-user focus on energy conservation (lower dP filters)
 End-user focus on life cycle costs
 End-user focus on sustainability and less waste
 Growth of synthetic media filters vs. glass due to:

Lower cost

Glass fiber shedding

Moisture resistance

More puncture resistant

Lower VOC emissions

Installer friendly (skin contact)
 Ultraviolet (UV) lights used in conjunction with air filters to help
keep heat transfer coils ultra clean
 Nanofiber filter media
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HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study
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We provide superior filtration solutions
to improve the quality of life.
Thank you for your attention.
08.03.2012
HVAC Air Filtration Overview and Life Cycle Cost Case Study