Innovative Technological
Solutions
for
Wastewater Treatment and Disposal
“The significant problems we face today
cannot be solved at the same level of
thinking we were at when we created
them”
Albert Einstein
WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY
Cleaner Production / Waste Minimisation
Treatment
Reuse / Recover / Recycle
Disposal
Challenges
• Quality requirements
• Energy requirements
• Land requirements
• Operation and Maintenance
ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS
•
Advanced Biological Treatments Include
 Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
 Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)
 Moving Bed Bioreactor (MBBR)
 Pure Oxygen Technology
 Biological Heavy Metal Removal
ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENTS
• Typical Volumetric Loading and Removal Efficiency for Various
Systems
Rate (kg BOD/m3.d)
Typical Loading
Removal Efficiency
(%)
Complete Mix ASP
0.3 – 1.6
85 - 92
Extended Aeration
0.1 – 0.3
95 -98
Membrane Bioreactor
1.8 – 5.7
96 - 99
Moving Bed Bioreactor
1.0 – 1.4
91 - 98
Sequencing Bioreactor
0.1 – 0.3
97 – 99
High Purity Oxygen
1.3 - 3.2
96 - 98
System
REFINERY WASTEWATER BALANCE
• FLOW TO CONVENTIONAL ETP : 750 M3/HR
(435 M3/HR DISCHARGED AFTER TREATMENT ALONGWITH 66 M3/HR OF RO
REJECT)
• FLOW TO FILTRATION UNIT & UF : 315 M3/HR
• UF PERMEATE : 315 M3/HR
(218 M3/HR IS SUBJECTED TO RO & 97 M3/HR IS BLENDED WITH RO
PERMEATE & EVENTUALLY USED FOR COOLING TOWER MAKE UP)
• FLOW TO RO SYSTEM : 218 M3/HR
RO PERMEATE RECOVERED : 152 M3/HR BLENDED WITH UF PERMEATE &
USED AS COOLING WATER MAKE UP
RO REJECT : 66 M3/HR IS DISCHARGED ALONGWITH BIOLOGICALLY TREATED
WASTEWATER
• WATER RECOVERED = 97 + 152 = 249 M3/HR USED AS COOLING TOWER MAKE
UP
DETAILS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT - REFINERY
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT UNITS FOR SPENT CAUSTIC
- SPENT CAUSTIC TANK, REACTION TANK, H2O2 DOSING SYSTEM
TREATMENT UNITS FOR COMBINED WASTEWATER
PRIMARY TREATMENT
TERTIARY TREATMENT
- IS SUMP
- FILTER FEED / CHLORINATION SUMP
- SS SUMP
- DMF & ACF
- SURGE TANKS
- HRSCC
- SPLITTER BOX
- MULTIGRADE FILTER
- API
- BASKET STRAINER
- TPI
- ULTRA FILTRATION
- DAF
- REVERSE OSMOSIS
- CHEMICAL DOSING SYSTEMS
- CHEMICAL DOSING SYSTEM
SECONDARY TREATMENT
- BIOTOWER FEED SUMP
- BIOTOWER
- AERATION TANK
- SECONDARY CLARIFIER
-GUARD POND
-CHEMICAL DOSING SYSTEMS
EMULSIONS PLANT- WATER BALANCE
• TOTAL WATER REQUIREMENT - 253 M3/DAY
• TOTAL EFFLUENT FROM PLANT FLOWING TO ETP -128 M3/DAY
(Including reject from WTP RO)
• PERMEATE RECOVERED FROM ETP – 99 M3/DAY
(87 M3/DAY USED AS WTP FEED & 12 M3/DAY USED AS BOILER MAKE UP)
• RO REJECT (28 M3/DAY) FROM ETP SUBJECTED TO EVPORATION
(CONDENSATE RECOVERD : 28 M3/DAY USED AS WTP FEED)
• SOLID WASTE FROM ETP (1 M3/DAY) & RMS : 0.5 TPD (85% DRY SOLIDS)
FOR LANDFILL
• LIQUID EFFLUENT DISCHARGE – ZERO
• WATER RECOVERED = 127 M3/DAY, 115 M3/DAY USED AS WTP FEED &
12 M3/DAY USED AS BOILER FEED
• FRESH RAW WATER REQUIREMENT - 126 M3/DAY
WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM- EMUSIONS PLANT
45 M3/D
SOLIDS FOR DISPOSAL
RAW WATER FROM
BOREWELL 126 M 3/D
10 M3/D
28 M3/D
28 M3/D
CONDENSATE
REJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(RMS)
103 M3/D
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
(WTP)
87 M3/D
48 M3/D
DOMESTIC
COOLING
TOWER
MAKE UP
PROCESS &
UTILITIES
UF BACKWASH
11 M3/D
RO PERMEATE FOR
SLUDGE
3 M3/D
5 M3/D
MGF BACKWASH
6 M3/D
PF BACKWASH
25 M3/D
RO REJECT
RO PERMEATE
RO REJECT
88 M3/D
FLOOR
WASH
RO PERMEATE
TO BOILER MAKEUP
12 M3/D
99 M3/D
DRY SLUDGE
TO SECURED LANDFILL 1M3/D
15 M3/D
BOILER & CT BLOWDOWN
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
(WWTP)
8 M3/D
DOMESTIC EFFLUENT
PROCESS EFFLUENT
55 M3/D
DETAILS OF WTP - EMULSIONS PLANT
-
RAW WATER STORAGE TANK
-
HRSCC
-
PRESSURE SAND FILTER (PSF)
-
ULTRA VIOLET UNIT (UV)
-
REVERSE OSMOSIS UNIT (RO)
-
CHEMICAL DOSING SYSTEM
PVC PLANT – WATER BALANCE
•
TOTAL WATER REQUIREMENT - 4030 M3/DAY
•
TOTAL EFFLUENT FLOWING TO ETP - 3178 M3/D
•
100 M3/D CTBD USED FOR GREEN BELT DIRECTLY
•
250 M3/D NEUTRALISED DM REG. USED FOR GREEN BELT
•
1070 M3/D OF UF PERMEATE RECYCLED TO DM PLANT
•
1025 M3/D OF UF PERMEATE RECYCLED AS CT MAKEUP
•
786 M3/D RO PERMEATE RECYCLED TO PROCESS
•
RO REJECT (197 M3/D) & SLUDGE (100 M3/D) FROM ETP SUBJECTED TO EVPORATION
(290 M3/D OF CONDENSATE RECOVERED USED FOR PROCESS)
•
SOLIDWASTE FROM RMS : 5.8TPD (85% DRY SOLIDS) FOR LANDFILL
•
LIQUID EFFLUENT DISCHARGE – ZERO
•
WATER RECOVERED = 100+250+1070+1025+786+290 = 3521 M3/D
•
FRESH RAW WATER REQUIREMENT - 509 M3/D
WATER RECOVERY PLANT FLOWSHEET FOR PVC PLANT
NEUTRALISED DM REG. EFFLUENT
250 M3/D
SURFACE DRAIN FROM PLANT
GREEN BELT
DM
PLANT
100 M3/D
865 M3/D
COOLING
TOWER
1025 M3/D
IRRIGATION
WATER
SUMP
UTILITY
EFFLUENT
COLLECTION
SUMP
10 M3/D
BOILER
2095 M3/D
925 M3/D
2238 M3/D
BACKWASH
REVERSE
OSMOSIS
786 M3/D
PRIMARY
TREATMENT
SLUDGE
983 M3/D
ULTRA
FILTRATION
15 M3/D
PROCESS EFFLUENT
DOMESTIC EFFLUENT
100 M3/D
197 M3/D REJECT
REJECT
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
290 M3/D
1076 M3/D
RECYCLED TO PROCESS
SOLIDS 5.8TPD
1070 M3/D
50 M3/D
350 M3/D