TOPIC:
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National
Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to
Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Presenter:
Mark Barnett
AREA MANAGER KSAT,
NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION,
JAMAICA
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
________________________________________
Objectives:
•
•
•
•
Identify and highlight the severity of the drought on KSA
Assess the multi-dimensional impacts on KSA and the NWC
Identifies mitigation measures implemented by NWC.
Identifies planning gaps.
•
Recommend improvement strategies to mitigate reoccurrence
Methodology:
•
•
•
Literature Review
Reviewing of Government Agencies Unpublished Reports
First Hand Experience
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
________________________________________
Definition of Droughts:
• Meteorological drought
A deficiency in precipitation extended over a long period
• Hydrological drought
departure of surface and subsurface water supplies from some
average condition at various points in time
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Study Focused Area
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Percentage of Normal for 2
Consecutive Months
20% or less
21% to 40%
41% to 60%
Above 60%
Extreme Drought
Drought Condition or Status
Extreme Drought
Severe Drought
Normal Drought
No Drought
Severe Drought
August
Clarendon
September
Clarendon
October
December
St. Thomas
KSA (New Castle)
February
March
St. Mary & St. Thomas
Portland, St. Mary St.
Thomas
St. Thomas,
Clarendon, St. Mary,
KSA and Portland
November
January
Normal Drought
Clarendon
KSA
St. Mary, St. Thomas &
Portland
No Drought
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Rainfall incidence for parishes contributing to KSA Streamflows
Monthly Rainfall Measured in St. Mary
Rainfall Measured in Portland
300
600
Rain Fall
Rain Fall
30yr Average 1950-1980
250
Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall (mm)
200
150
100
30yr Average 1950-1980
500
30 yr Average 1971- 2000
50
30 yr Average 1971- 2000
400
300
200
100
0
A ug-09
Sep-09
Oct-09
No v-09
Dec-09
Jan-10
Feb-10
0
M ar-10
A ug-09
Rainfall Measured in KSA
350
No v-09
Dec-09
Jan-10
Feb-10
M ar-10
400
Rain Fall
350
30yr Average 1950-1980
Rainfall (mm)
30 yr Average 1971- 2000
Rainfall (mm)
Oct-09
Rainfall Measured in St. Thomas
Rain Fall
300
Sep-09
250
200
150
100
50
30yr Average 1950-1980
30 yr Average 1971- 2000
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
Aug-09
Sep-09
Oct-09
Nov-09
Dec-09
Jan-10
Feb-10
M ar-10
Aug-09
Sep-09
Oct-09
Nov-09
Dec-09
Jan-10
Feb-10
M ar-10
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies
Wag Water River Blakes Bridge
70
Daily Discharge
Average Daily Discharge (1976-2009)
60
Rainy Season 2008
40
30
20
Rainy Season 2009
10
Date
14-Dec-09
13-Nov-09
13-Oct-09
12-Sep-09
12-Aug-09
12-Jul-09
11-Jun-09
11-May-09
10-Apr-09
10-Mar-09
07-Feb-09
07-Jan-09
07-Dec-08
06-Nov-08
06-Oct-08
05-Sep-08
05-Aug-08
05-Jul-08
04-Jun-08
04-May-08
03-Apr-08
03-Mar-08
01-Feb-08
0
01-Jan-08
Q [cumecs]
50
Water Resources Authority, 2010
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies
Hope River Gordon Town Daily Discharge
30
Daily Discharge
Average Daily Discharge (1955-2009)
25
Rainy Season 2008
Q [cumecs]
20
15
10
5
Rainy Season 2009
0
Jan- Jan- Mar- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
Date
Water Resources Authority, 2010
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies
Yallahs River/Negro River above NWC Intake (Spot Measurement)
10
Daily Discharge Yallahs River
Daily Discharge Negro River
9
8
Rainy Season 2007
Rainy Season 2008
6
5
4
3
Rainy Season 2009
2
1
Date
27/10/2009
27/09/2009
27/08/2009
27/07/2009
27/06/2009
27/05/2009
27/04/2009
27/03/2009
27/02/2009
27/01/2009
27/12/2008
27/11/2008
27/10/2008
27/09/2008
27/08/2008
27/07/2008
27/06/2008
27/05/2008
27/04/2008
27/03/2008
27/02/2008
27/01/2008
27/12/2007
27/11/2007
27/10/2007
27/09/2007
27/08/2007
27/07/2007
27/06/2007
27/05/2007
27/04/2007
27/03/2007
0
27/02/2007
Q [cumecs]
7
Water Resources Authority, 2010
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Alluvial
Wells
Rural Sources
1.5 MGD
12.2 MGD
Sea View
WTP
2.1 MGD
KINGSTON / SAINT ANDREW
Average production:
Transfers
5.1 MGD
- during dry season :
54.4 MGD
Constant Spring
WTP
15 MGD
Hope
WTP
5.5 MGD
49.0 MGD
- during very dry season: = 33.7 MGD
Mona
WTP
- rest of the year :
13 MGD
- Shortfall :
59.6 MGD
5.3 MGD
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
-100
Mar-10
Feb-10
100
Jan-10
-50
200
Dec-09
300
Nov-09
400 0
Oct-09
500
KSA (Mgd)
Sep-09
50
Aug-09
600
Jul-09
Million
Gallons
Net Monthly
Rise/Fall
MG
100
700
Jun-09
800
Net
Change
in Storage
Volumes
KSA
(Mgd)
Rate
of Change
of Storage
at Mona and
Hermitage
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
May-09
150
900
Daily Production Volume
Cumulative Production Over the Period
Hermitage
0
May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10
Mona
May-09 Jun-09
Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10
-150
44.73 44.59
41.63 37.1 42.37Oct -09
42.31Nov-09
41.32Dec-09
35.72
KSA (Mgd)
May-09 Jun-09
Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Months
Months
34.92
Jan-10
31.7
28.9 Apr-10
30.8
Mona Capacity
Hermittage
Hermitage Capacity
Feb-10 Mona
Mar-10
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Commercial Impact
KSA Revenue
Revenue
Monthly KSA
Usage
andvsCost
NovCollected
2009 - April 2010
KSAEnergy
trucking
CostBilled
Increase
with
Drought
600
500
1.5
6
41
50.00
400
J$M
Millions J$
Millions
(KWH)
10 2
8
60.00
40.00
300
30.00
200
Millions J$
122.5
20.00
100
2
0.5
0
0
10.00
Jun-09
Jul-09
Aug-09
BilledApr-09
RevenueM ay-09442.8
Jun-09 523.1
Jul-09 499.9
Aug-09
0
Revenue Collected
Apr-10
455.1
379.5
Mar-10
362.1
Sep-09
Oct-09
Nov-09 Dec-09
Jan-10
Feb-10
M ar-10
Apr-10
531.8
556
506.7
506.1
479.7
461.3
404.1
357.4
Sep-09
Oct-09
Nov-09
Dec-09
Jan-10
Feb-10
M ar-10
Apr-10
M ay-10
377.6
Feb-10
387.7
454.6
Jan-10
445
Dec-09
362.8
546
Nov-09
-
453.5
302.9
KWH
Cost
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Social Considerations.
Mental and physical stress (anxiety, depression)
Affect Learning / Disrupt Schools
Reductions in nutrition
Risk to public safety (fires etc)
Increased poverty in general, economic displacement
Temporary population migrations
Loss of aesthetic value within communities
Reduction or modification of recreational activities
Potential for conflicts
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Public Health Impact Assessment
ORAL REHYDRATION / DIARRHOEAL DISEASE REPORTED
12
Jan - Dec 2008 Cases
Jan - Dec 2009 Cases
Reported Cases
(000)
10
Jan - M ar 2009 Cases
Jan - M ar 2010 Cases
8
6
4
2
0
Other
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Institutional Key Taskforce Stakeholders
Key Stakeholders
Government
of Jamaica
Government
of Jamaica
Office
of ofMinistry
Office
the the
PrimePrime of
Minister
Minister Health
Ministry of
Ministry
Mining &
of
Energy
Health
Ministry of M inistry
Mining & Finance
Energy and Public
Service
Ministry of
Water &
Housing
Ministry of
Water &
Housing
Ministry
Ministry of
ofAgriculture
Agriculture
OPM
OPMof
Ministry
Ministry
Local Gov.of
Local Gov.
Operators
ODPEM
NEPA
NEPA
EHU
OUR
EHU
WRA
PIOJ
OUR STATIN WRA
WRA
Met Off.NWC
Health and
Environmental
Monitoring
and
Health
and
Environmental
Monitoring
and Water
Water Resources
Monitoring
and
Approving
Resources Monitoring and Approval
Auth.
Data Collection, Research and Analysis
Water
NWC
NIC
NIC
Distributors
Parish Auth.
Parish Aut h.
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Mitigating Actions – Short Term
• Reduction in Water Distributing Hours
• Alternate Distribution (Valve Regulations)
• Increased Trucking
• Increased Public Education Conservation Campaign
• Prohibition Notice for certain purposes
• Increase volumes (8mgd) from St. Catherine to KSA
• Re-activation of Wells out of Operation
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Mitigating Actions - Long Term
•
Kingston Water & Sanitation Project – IADB
•
Kingston Metropolitan Area Water Supply Rehabilitation
Project
•
Jamaica Water Supply Improvement Project - US$210m
•
Forestry Planting in Collaboration with the Forestry
Department.
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Recommendations
Objectives
Long term water security for all users
Continuously assessing and identification of vulnerabilities
Mitigating strategies to reduce risk or eliminate such risk.
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Recommendations –for Considerations
•
Droughts planning must be institutionalized nationally
•
Effects of climate change on drought phenomena
•
Recognition of wastewater effluent as a resource
•
Structured approach to City & Town planning
•
Make rain harvesting compulsory (provide incentives)
•
Embarked on an active demand management programme
•
Maximize the use of ground water resources
•
Optimization of the storage facilities (Mona & Hermitage)
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Conclusions
• KSA experienced Meteorological and Hydrological drought.
•
No long-term drought mitigation plan exist
• Institutional responsiveness were reactive rather than
proactive.
• Increased public health vulnerability especially in children.
• There were negative socio-cultural impacts
• Public Safety (Person & Property) compromised
• There was economic cost to KSA and Jamaica on a whole.
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Conclusions
• Billed revenue for KSA fell by an average J$50m/month
• Public education campaign did not resonate with population
• Prohibition Notices were ineffective without enforcement
The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC)
Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew
_______________________________________
Thank You
for
Your
Attention
QUESTIONS?