European Hydropower Summit
27th & 28th February 2012 - Bucharest
DI Martina Prechtl
Small Hydropower Austria
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SHP in Austria
About 2.600 SHP installations in Austria (grid connected)
Production of about 5,6 TWh per year
Corresponds to 9 % of Austrian electricity consumption
respectively consumption of 1.6 mill. households
4.1 mill. to CO2 - reduction
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…there is still potential
Potential SHP - 2020
additional production in TWh
Revitalisation
0,5 - 1
New installations
1 - 1,5
Total
1,5 - 2,5
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… in numbers of new installations
engine-power class
(kW)
average power (kW)
number of stations
0 - 200
60
140
40.320.000,00
200 - 1000
500
100
240.000.000,00
1000 - 3000
1800
60
518.400.000,00
3000 - 5000
3500
20
336.000.000,00
5000 - 10000
7000
15
504.000.000,00
Total
335
production in kWh
1.638.720.000,00
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Licencing procedure
Permit according to Water Law
Up to 500 kW district administrative authorities, above province
administration authority.
Permit according to Electricity Law
Needed for plants with an installed capacity of 30 kW and more
Permit according to Nature Conservation Law,
Building Legislation
Responsible authority: district administration (nature conservation),
mayor resp. municipality (Building Law).
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Support programs for SHP in Austria
Environmental fund: Subsidies for investments in the
fulfilment of WFD requirements at existing plants (e.g. fish
pass – not for losses due to residual flow!).
Up to 30% of investment costs for SHP plus additional subsidies from the
province (varies from 10 to 25% of investment costs)
Green electricity act – investment subsidies, with revision
of the act in 2011 the possibility for small plants (below 2 MW)
to choose between direct investment subsidies and feed-in
tariff)
From 10% to 30% of investment costs resp. max. EUR 400,- to 1.500 / kW
– height of tariffs not fixed yet
Several specific programs from in the provinces
– direct investment subsidies or consultancy programs.
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Areas of conflicting interests
WF directive –
prodection of
river ecology
RES directive and
national energy
strategies – need for
green electricity
Security of energy
supply
Nature
conservation
Climate
protection
AIM: Augmentation of HP electricity whilst respecting the aims
of WFD - keeping „good ecological status“
SHP and good ecological status is compatible!
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WFD and RES directive compatible?
WFD
Aim is „good status“ of water bodies – obligatory improvement
and prohibited deterioration
- fish passes
- residual flow
- a.s.o.
Existing plants have to adapt to the new regulation – intervention in
existing rights!
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Consequences for SHP
New installations:
• Partly difficult and long lasting licencing procedures
• Higher investment and planning costs
Existing installations:
•
Interference in existing rights
 Additional investments
 Production losses due to additional residual flow
 Changes in plant economy
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WFD and RES directive compatible?
RES directive:
•
20 % Renewable Energy for EU
•
34 % REN in Austria
Under consideration of:
 Available potential
 Cost development
HP in Austria a very important energy source!!
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To combine WFD and RES directive we
need …
In terms of climate protection and REN development:
•
•
•
•
No exaggeration in implementation measures
Implementation with sense of proportion
Sensitive approach with respect to existing rights
No discrimination of small facilities – also they deliver an appreciable
share of electricity
Because: HP as CO2 free and decentralised electricity production is very
important for our future energy supply
Many positive examples demonstrate the compatibility
of WFD and RESD goals!
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Many positive examples …
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Many positive examples …
13
Many positive examples …
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Needs for a positive SHP development
Efficient Licencing procedures - support for applicants
Licencing procedures have to be:
• fast
• Simplified procedures for revitalisation projects
• No overloading demanded studies, expertise – cost intensive
• No overlapping
• Transparency and comparability of decisions
Planning security, authority as a service point
07.04.2015
Folie15
Needs for positive SHP development
Adequate support mechanisms
(for technical and ecological measures)
Support mechanism have to:
• Stimulate modernisation, innovation and the usage of potential
• Show continuity (stable, long ranging)
• WFD implementation has to be supported
Stabel financing conditions for sector
More green electricity from SHP
07.04.2015
Folie16
Needs for positive SHP development
Sense of proportion with WFD implementation
•
•
Additional energy production due to modernisation must not be totally consumed by
over boarding ecological burden
Standards for residual flow and fish passes must not be overshooting (what is really
needed for „good ecological status“?)
Overshooting standards lead to:
 Resistance against modernisation projects – no innovation
 Delayed exploitation of revitalisation potential
 Unjustified limitation of new exploitation potential
 Compromises of economic viability due to high investments and losses
Balanced implementation of WFD leads to:
More SHP green electricity & attention for river ecology
07.04.2015
Folie17
Needs for positive development
Strengthening competences and building up advice services
• Comprehensive information and advice for SHP sector
(legal, technical, ecological, economical) – example advise service in several Austrian
provinces
•
building up of planning- und advise competence
Frictionless project handling under new framework conditions
No „project frustration“
07.04.2015
Folie18
Good practice example in Austria
Revitalisation campaign
(esp. Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Tirol)
Revitalisation - Consulting for operators (subsidies by the regional
government) & Investment subsidies
Aims:
• increase of energy production on existing sites
• ecological adaption measures
• new facilities on appropriate sites (technical and ecological)
Results:
Longest experience with this program in Upper Austria with the result of:
• additional electricity production of about 80 GWh
• 260 modernized or new plants
• Average production increase 40%
• Investment of 45 Mio. EUR
• Ecological improvements
Example of revitalisation 1:
Magerlmühle
Before Revitalisation
At the river Großen Mühl - since 1922 HP utilisation to run a
leather fabric
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Francis-turbine vertical with cogwheel and belt transmission
Maximum throughput: Q = 5,5 m3/s
Head: H = 2,6 m
Turbine output: 110 kW
electric power: 95 kW
annual production: 450.000 kWh
no fish pass
300 m diversion without residual flow
Example of revitalisation 1:
Magerlmühle
Revitalisation 2004
•
Kaplan turbine vertical double regulated
• Maximum throughput: Q = 6 m3/s
• Head: H = 2,5 m
• Turbine output: 135 kW
• electric power: 120 kW
• Annual production: 750.000 kWh
• Further operation of old plant with an
annual production of 350.000 kWh
=> total production per year: 1.100.000
Thank you for your attention
www.kleinwasserkraft.at
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