Hazard Communication &
Global Harmonization
Objectives
• Know basic requirements of OSHA’s
Hazard Communication Standard
• Understand the new Global Harmonization
requirements incorporated into the
standard in 2012
History of Hazard Communication
• Promulgated in 1983 for manufacturing only
– 32 million workers exposed to chemicals
– 575,000 hazardous chemicals in workplaces
– 40,000 to 50,000 chemical illness each year
• 1987 expanded to all industries
• 2012 Global Harmonization requirements
added
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Hazard Communication
• 29 CFR 1910.1200
• Also know as “Right to Know Law” or
HAZCOM
• Prevention of injuries and illnesses from
chemical exposure
• Provide knowledge of hazards to
employees
• Most cited OSHA standard for many years
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Purpose
• Ensure chemicals produced or imported
evaluated
• Ensure the hazards of chemicals are
transmitted to employers and employees
• Ensure consistency in evaluation and
classifying hazards
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Does not apply to:
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Hazardous waste
Tobacco
Wood products that are not hazardous
Articles
Food or alcohol
Drugs
Cosmetics
Consumer products
Nuisance particles
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
Biological hazards
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Who Is Responsible?
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Chemical Manufacturers
Importers & Distributors
Employers
Employees
Chemical Manufacturers & Importers
• Determine hazards of products
• Communicate information to customers
through labels and SDSs (Safety Data
Sheets)
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Employers
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Identify and list chemicals in workplace
Obtain and retain SDSs for each chemical
Label secondary containers
Develop written Hazard Communication
Program
• Provide personal protective equipment
• Train employees
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Employees
• Comply with company’s written Hazard
Communication Program
• Follow warnings and cautions on labels
and SDS’s
• Wear appropriate PPE as required
• Prepare hazard labels for new containers
when hazardous materials are transferred
from manufacturers containers
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Employee Training
• How the company’s HAZCOM Program is
implemented
• Hazards of chemicals in their work area
• Measures to take to protect themselves
• Location of PPE
• Methods and observations workers can
use to detect the presence of a chemical
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Labels and Warnings
• Each chemical container must be labeled,
tagged or marked with identity of the
chemical and its hazards
• Labels must be in English and prominent
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SDSs
• Developed by chemical manufacturer or
importer
• Must be provided with each shipment of
chemicals
• Must provide information about the
chemical including hazards
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Chemical Inventory
• Include all hazardous substances as well
as potentially hazardous materials
• Consider all physical forms of chemicalsliquids, solids, gases, vapors, fumes, and
mists
• Identify chemicals in containers including
pipes
• Include chemicals generated by
processes such as welding fumes, dusts,
and exhaust fumes
Created Chemical Hazards
Global Harmonization System- GHS
• GHS refers to the United Nations Globally
Harmonized System of Classification and
Labeling of Chemicals
• Initiated at UN Conference in Rio de
Janeiro in 1992
• Standardizes definitions of health, physical
and environmental data
• Standardizes hazard classification
• Standardizes hazard communication
GHS Benefits
• Enhances protection of
human health and the
environment
• Reduces need for
duplicative testing of
chemicals
• Increases efficiency by
reducing cost of
regulatory compliance
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Changes to OSHA’s HAZCOM Standard
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Minimal
MSDSs now SDSs (Safety Data Sheets)
“Right to Know” now “Right to Understand”
OSHA Defined Hazards not in GHS
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Pyrophoric gas
Simple asphyxiant
Combustible Dust
Hazard Not Otherwise Classified (HNOC)
No more 1% rule
Some chemicals not hazardous in past may be
hazardous now and vice versa
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GHS Physical Hazards
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Explosives
Flammable gases
Flammable aerosols
Oxidizing gases
Gases under pressure
Flammable liquids
Flammable solids
Self-reactive substances and
mixtures
• Organic peroxides
• Corrosive to metals
• Self-heating substances and
mixtures
• Pyrophoric liquids
• Pyrophoric solids
• Substances and mixtures
which, in contact with water,
emit flammable gases
• Oxidizing liquids
• Oxidizing solids
• Pyrophoric gases (OSHA)
• Combustible dusts (OSHA)
• Hazard Not Otherwise
Classified (HNOC) (OSHA)
GHS Health Hazards
• Acute toxicity
• Skin corrosion/irritation
• Serious eye
damage/irritation
• Respiratory or skin
sensitization
• Germ cell mutagenicity
• Carcinogenicity
• Reproductive toxicity
• Specific target organ
toxicity
• Aspiration hazard
• Simple asphyxiant
(OSHA)
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GHS Environmental Hazards
• Permitted by OSHA but not required
– Aquatic toxicity
– Hazardous to the ozone layer
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Hazard Classification
• Data for chemicals compared to criteria and
definitions in Appendices of OSHA standard.
• Example – Pyrophoric solid
– Appendix B- Physical Hazard Criteria Category 1 if the
solid ignites within 5 minutes of coming in contact with air
– Appendix C- Allocation of Label Elements
Signal Word- “Danger”
Hazard Statement- “Catches fire spontaneously if
exposed to air.”
Precautionary Statements- “Do not allow contact with
air.”
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Labels
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Label Content Shipped Containers
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Product identifier
Signal word (Danger or Warning)
Hazard statement
Pictogram
Precautionary Statement
Name, address and phone number of
manufacturer or supplier
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Signal Words
or
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Danger- More severe hazards
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Warning- Less severe hazards
Pictograms
• Nine pictograms under GHS
• Eight pictograms adopted by OSHA
(environmental not adopted)
• Red border, black symbol, white
background
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Exploding Bomb Pictogram
• Explosives
• Self-reactives
• Organic peroxides
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Flame Pictogram
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Flammables
Self-Reactives
Pyrophorics
Self-Heating
Emits Flammable
Gas
• Organic peroxides
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Flame over Circle Pictogram
• Oxidizers
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Gas Cylinder Pictogram
• Gases under
Pressure
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Corrosion Pictogram
• Corrosive to
metal
• Corrosive to
skin
• Corrosive to
eyes
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Skull & Crossbones Pictogram
• Severe acute
toxicity
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Exclamation Mark Pictogram
• Irritant
• Skin sensitizer
• Less severe
acute toxicity
• Narcotic effects
• Respiratory
irritation
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Health Hazard Pictogram
• Carcinogen
• Respiratory
sensitizer
• Reproductive
toxin
• Target organ
toxicity
• Mutagen
• Aspiration hazard
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Environment Pictogram
• Environmental
hazard
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Hazard Statement
• Standardized harmonized statement
• Chosen from tables in Appendix C, based on
the chemical classification
• Example Flammable Liquids
– Category 1: Extremely flammable liquid and vapor
– Category 2: Highly flammable liquid and vapor
– Category 3: Flammable liquid and vapor
– Category 4: Combustible liquid
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Precautionary Statement
• Standardized statements that supplement
information on the label.
• Chosen from tables in Appendix C, based
on the chemical classification
• Four types– Prevention
– Emergency Response
– Storage
– Disposal
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New Label Example
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In-House GHS Labels
• Labels will be required to have 5 parts:
1.
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5.
Product identifier
Pictogram
Signal words
Hazard statement
Precautionary statement
or
Product identifier and words, pictures, symbols or
combinations, which provide employees with specific
information regarding the physical and health hazards of
hazardous chemicals
Hazardous Materials Identification System- HMIS
GHS SDS Sections
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8.
Identification
Hazard Identification
Composition/Info on Ingredients
First Aid Measures
Fire Fighting Measures
Accidental Release/Spills
Handling & Storage
Exposure Controls/PPE
GHS SDS Sections (continued)
9. Physical/Chemical Properties
10. Stability/Reactivity
11. Toxicological Info.
12. Ecological Info.
13. Disposal Considerations
14. Transport Info.
15. Regulatory Info.
16. Other Information
Effective Dates
• Final Rule Effective – July 2012
• Employers must train employees of the new
labels and SDS formats by 12/31/2013
• Manufacturers, importers, distributors and
employers must comply by 6/1/15
• Distributors cannot ship containers with noncompliant labels after 12/1/15
• Employers must update HAZCOM Programs
and provide additional training on new hazards
by 6/1/2016
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What should employers be doing?
• Read and understand new hazard classifications
• Review and update SDSs for changes in hazards
• Assess workplace controls is light of new
classifications
• Review and update HAZCOM Program
• Review and update in-house labeling
• Keep list of hazardous chemicals up-to date
• Train employees in new labels
• Train employees in changes to SDSs
• Train employees is new hazard classifications
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Other Resources
• OSHAhttp://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/index.html
• UNhttp://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_
welcome_e.html
• Society for Chemical Hazard Communicationhttp://www.schc.org
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