Sustainable Way of Living
and Organic Farming
–
Agro forestry Farming
and Community
Development in Limpopo
In this beautiful planet.
Every single minute 34 people
Every single day 50,000 people
are dying in extreme poverty and
hunger.
1/3 of world
population
(Approximately
2 billion) is still
suffering from
poverty and
hunger
Challenges for Traditional
Farming
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Low fertility land
Distance to markets
High transport cost
Short shelf life of traditional
crops
High input cost
Limited off-take / uses for
traditional crops
Agro Forestry
■ Must not be confused with commercial timber
forests that take 15 to 25
years to provide income.
■ Is not a mono culture, environmentally degrading practice.
■ Is a environmentally friendly use of companion plants and natural feed
supply to derive the maximum possible income from a limited portion of
land with lowest possible input cost
■ Agro forestry restore natural Flora and Fauna in area. Return, with natural
habitat, wild animals (and poachers'? Need to deploy Police service and
anti poaching unit)
Selected plant species
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Bamboo
Pinatta
Moringa (Short Term)
Jicama (Short Term)
Algae
Bamboo
Bamboo
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A naturalized clumping bamboo.
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Non invasive as it does not produce seed
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Root system penetrates only 500mm – 600mm
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Culms 100mm to 120mm in diameter
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Height from 9 to 27 meters (up to 45meters)
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Produces 25 new shoots / year
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Culm wet weight average 35kg
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100 m/ton, minimum, Bio Mass per Ha
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The fastest growing plant on this planet . Is a critical element in the balance
of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
A viable replacement for wood An enduring natural resource Versatile with a
105 day growth cycle
A renewable resource for agro forestry production.
And over 2.2 billion people rely on bamboo as a source of income.
Bamboo
■A sustainable bamboo investment combines managed forestry with the potential
for short-term profitability, delivering returns just four years after planting – making it a stable
and dependable source of annual income. And its potential is set to increase... dramatically.
Sustainable timber, in all its forms, represents the most secure asset type available, with an
increase in the demand for tropical hardwood increasing over 2,500 percent in the last 40
years. According to statistics released by the Ministry of Agriculture in India, the world market
for bamboo is currently valued at $10 billion (USD). That value is forecast to reach $20 billion
(USD) by 2015.
The reason: high demand.
Fast Growth. Bamboo is the fastest growing land plant in the world (only ocean kelp grows
faster).
A 20m bamboo culm can replace itself within 50 days as opposed to a 20m hardwood tree
which can take decades to grow.
Longevity. A single bamboo clump can produce up to 15 kilometres of usable pole over a 15
year period.
Carbon Sequestration. Bamboo sequesters around 4 times more CO2 than average timber and
produces 35% more Oxygen.
Strength. Bamboo possesses a tensile strength of 52 pounds per square inch, stronger than
most steel. As such it is a major component in the construction industry for scaffolding across
Asia, South America and Africa.
“During the past 20 years, bamboo has developed as an exceptionally-valuable and often
superior substitute for wood. Bamboo may replace wood in many industrial applications and
thereby contribute to the saving and restoration of the world’s forests”.
United Nations
Bamboo
Some facts to consider about the greenness of bamboo would be:
Bamboo is grown without pesticides or chemical fertilizers
Bamboo requires no irrigation
Bamboo rarely needs replanting
Bamboo grows rapidly and can be harvested in 3-5 years
Bamboo produces 35% more oxygen that an equivalent stand of trees
Bamboo is a critical element in the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere
Bamboo is an excellent soil erosion inhibitor
Additionally, bamboo fabric is breathable, thermal regulating, wicks moisture
better than polyester performance fabrics, will resist odour and is absorbent
and fast drying keeping you dryer and more comfortable than any cotton or
polyester fabrics.
Is bamboo organically grown?
Yes, our viscose from bamboo comes from bamboo that is Certified Organic
and you can see our certifications and read about them on our
website:https://www.bamboosa.com/bamboo.php?PID=65. The farm where
the bamboo is grown is certified by the OCIA and the bamboo crops are
certified by the USDA organic seal.
Bamboo Uses
Lets take a look at the Bamboo Revolution:
From Activated Charcoal, Biochar for water/air purification to
Producing a high grade coal, replacement to Bio Diesel.
From Paper to Bamboo fibre (clothing etc).
Floors, Walls panels and Kitchen tops, Structural Beams & Roofing.
Renewable energy options: Captive Gasification Co and Tri-generation,
Bituminous Coal replacement. Pellet fuel for home cooking and heating
Renewable consumer products: Timber replacement; Steel rods
replacement(in concrete);
http://www.indiamart.com/anilbamboomachines/bamboo-flooringmachine.html
Edible oil; Food fortification products
Animal feeds; Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer; Soil amendment
All from single project design.
Carbon sequestering / Offset opportunities
There are now over 5000 products made from Bamboo
Bamboo’s economic and environmental potential
About 1.5 billion people depend on bamboo for their daily lives. Over 20 million
tons of bamboo are collected and utilized annually. Those in rural areas and the
poor are the prime harvesters of bamboo, widely known as a "poor man’s timber".
Global bamboo trade is estimated to be between 1.5 to 2.5 billion USD. Although it
occupies only 1-3% of the total tropical and sub-tropical forest area, including
trees outside forest lands, bamboo contributes between 4-7% of the total tropical
and subtropical timber trade. Besides higher biomass, bamboo has other
advantages over wood as a carbon stock. Unlike woody crops bamboo offers the
possibility of annual selective harvesting and removal of about 15-20% of the total
stock without damaging the environment and stock productivity. Over 90% of
bamboo carbon can be sequestered in durable products such as boards, panels,
floors, furniture, buildings, cloth, paper and activated charcoal. These products
have a very long life span and may retain carbon for several decades. Bamboo can
play a significant role in linking climate change mitigation to sustainable economic
development in the developing world. Carbon credits may trigger creation of
otherwise marginal bamboo plantations for processing, jobs and wealth generation.
Using Bamboo in forestry projects under the Clean Development
Mechanism. The Kyoto Protocol and the CDM forestry projects
Interest in carbon trading under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the
Kyoto Protocol have blossomed since its ratification in 2004. The first carbon trade
forestry projects under the Kyoto Protocol are expected in 2008. Although no
projects have been developed for bamboo so far, it does qualify for the
forest carbon credits.
Agricultural uses
Moringa
Moringa
This tree is cultivated around the
world for its edible leafs and pods.
■ The tree is extremely drought tolerant
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The tree is fast growing and
reaches 6 meters in two years.
■ The tree starts production 8
months
after establishment.
■ The tree is cut back to 1 meter above
ground every winter and starts
coppicing within 2 weeks.
■
Companies selling Moringa oil
UncleHarry.com
Eromatic.co.uk
Fromnaturewithlove.com
Gracefruit.com
Moringafarms.com
Qty
1oz
100ml
2oz
100ml
4oz
Price
$12
$12
$15.23
$8.55
$25
Yield
Approximate Yield/hectare @250 trees/hectare (estimates)*
Good
Conditions for growth: Poor
Optimal
Seed in Shell (Yield)
16.30
27.17
50 t/ha
Seed (46% of Yield)
7.5
12.5
23t/ha
oil (40% oiseed)
3
5
9.66 t/ha
Meal:
4.5
7.5
13.34 t/ha
Protein
2.25
3.75
6.67 t/ha
Starch
2.25
3.75
6.67 t/ha
MORINGA OIL FOR BIOFUEL? No!
For food, Feed Stock! Medicine and cosmetics.
In the Philippines, SECURA International announced
that Moringa trees will be grown on 500,000 hectares
to supply oil for sale to North American Biofuels, Inc.
SECURA plans to export 150 million gallons of
Moringa oil annually.
In Australia, Moringa Pty Ltd is establishing Moringa
plantations on 500,000 hectares.
We do not use eatable products for Biofuel.
People need food! Animals need feed stock!
Fast
tracking new
entrants in agriculture
■ It
is not possible to establish large numbers of traditional commercial
farmers on the land with the limited funding available
■ It will take years for new entrants to compete with established
commercial farmers, if they follow traditional farming practice
of monoculture
■ We have to think outside the box without compromising food
security
■ Develop Communal approaches, how to deal with feedstock for
animals, feed lots for finishing, abattoir, food processing plants,
storage facility, marketing of products (do not sale raw
materials, only final products) and transportation to clients
Moringa
Oil and Seed pods
Moringa
Leafs, powder and drinks
Pinnata
Pinnata
Pinnata
Pinnata Seed / Pod Content
Each seed pod contains 6% oil - 94% seedcake
The encased seed accounts for 45-95% of the weight of
each seed pod (depending on variety and management)
The seed itself consists of 40-50% lipid oil, and 40-60%
seedcake
Seed cake
The rich seed cake remaining after pressing the seed can be
utilised as organic fertiliser, high protein animal stock feed,
or biomass for heat and power generation.
Plantation Prunings
Mulched prunings from Pinnata can be utilised as organic
fertiliser, high protein animal stock feed, or biomass for heat
and power generation.
Pinnata
Millettia Pinnata is a superior species of Pinnata. It is a “green oil”
Bio-fuel producing tree that has a 10 meter taproot, thus creating a
substantial carbon sink. The dense shade it provides slows the
evaporation of surface water and its root structures promote nitrogen
fixation, which moves nutrients from the air into the soil.
Pinnatta easily surpasses the plantation oil yield of other oil crops
such as Palm and Jatropha, with high oil content of 40-50%. In
addition, the rich seed cake remaining after pressing the seed can be
utilized as organic fertilizer, high protein animal stock feed, or biomass
for heat and power generation. Pinnata plantations can fix more
carbon than is used in the production of fuel - creating a truly "carbon
negative" solution.
Pinnata trees at maturity regularly produce 800 - 1,000kgs of seed
per tree per year.
Pinnata One Seed, Many Products
Vegetable oils can be used to supplement or even replace traditional petroleum fuels. The glycerol in the
remaining 10 percent has a wide range of applications, including use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. In
fact, almost every step in the life cycle of pongamia seeds results in a safe and useful product: highly
effective organic fertilizer. Widespread use of gas for cooking could also help curb the rampant
deforestation. The toxic compounds that make pongamia seeds repellent to grazing livestock can be
extracted to create a potent natural pesticide. There is also research indicating that M. pinnata can be
used as a natural insecticide.[15]
Research has also been put into using the material leftover from the oil extraction as a feed supplement
for cattle, sheep and poultry as this byproduct contains up to 30% protein. Other studies have shown
some potential for biocidal activity against V. cholerae and E. coli, as well an anti-inflammatory,
antinociceptive (reduction in sensitivity to painful stimuli) and antipyretic (reduction in fever) properties.
While the oil and residue of the plant are used in many traditional remedies.[7] Juices from the plant, as
well as the oil, are antiseptic and resistant to pests. The fruits and sprouts of P. pinnata were used in folk
remedies for abdominal tumours in India, the seeds for keloid tumours in Sri Lanka and a powder derived
from the plant for tumours in Vietnam. In Sanskritic India, seeds were used for skin aliments. Today, the
oil is used as a liniment for rheumatism. Leaves are active against Micrococcus; their juice is used for cold,
cough, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, flatulence, gonorrhoea and leprosy. Roots are used for cleaning gums, teeth
and ulcers. Bark is used internally for bleeding piles. In the traditional systems, such as Ayurveda and
Unani, the P. pinnata plant is used for anti-inflammatory, anti-plasmodial, anti-nonciceptive, antihyperglycaemics, anti-lipidoxidative, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-ulcer, anti-hyperammonic and antioxidant. Oil
made from the seeds, known as pongamia oil, is an important asset of this tree and has been used
as lamp oil, in soap making, and as a lubricant for thousands of years.
Jicama
Plant description
■ Jicama is actually a legume, and it grows on
vines that may reach six meters in length. The
vines tend to hug the ground, terminating in
tubers that may grow to 22 kilograms in size,
although the majority of jicama tubers sent to
market are approximately 750 g- 1,5 kg in
weight.
■ Jicama sequesters approximately 52 tons of
nitrogen / ha / season
Jicama
■ Jicama is a winter crop, it develops the
tubers in the short days.
■ This will allow for 33.000 plants per ha
and produce 24,75 tons Jicama tubers / ha
■ Jicama tubers can be eaten raw, cooked,
fried like potato chips, mashed, milled into
porridge or made into sweet / chilli snacks.
■ The seed contains an oil that is a very
potent insect repellent that can be used on
organically grow crops and for bio oil crude.
Selected plant species
Algae
Selected plant species
Algae
Algae can produce up to 300 times more oil per acre than conventional
crops, such as rapeseed, palms, soybeans, or jatropha. As algae have a
harvesting cycle of 1–10 days, it permits several harvests in a very short
time frame, a differing strategy to yearly crops). Algae can also be
grown on land that is not suitable for other established crops, for
instance, arid land, land with excessively saline soil, and droughtstricken land. This minimizes the issue of taking away pieces of land
from the cultivation of food crops. Algae can grow 20 to 30 times faster
than food crops.
Energy production
Business possibility of using algae to make gasoline, diesel and other
fuels. See Algae fuel.
Other uses
Chlorella, particularly a transgenic strain which carries an extra
mercury reductase gene, has been studied as an agent
for environmental remediation due to its ability to reduce Hg2+ to the
less toxic elemental mercury. Cultivated algae serve many other
purposes, including bioplastic production, dyes and colorant production,
non chemical feedstock production, and pharmaceutical ingredients.
■ Algae: 60 tons x 100ha(year one, say 60 t/ha) = 6 000 ton of oil ;
• and 60 000 ton feed cakes. Algae-derived Nutritional Supplements &
Oils High-Omega3; Low-Omega3
■ Bamboo: 100 tons x 10 000 ha (from year 3) = 1 000 000 ton of
Biomass
■ Pinnata:18 tons x 5 000 ha (from year 3) = 90 000 ton of Oil and 150
000 ton of feed stock
■ Moringa oil: 2.5 tons x 10 000 ha (from year 3) = 25 000 ton of Oil and
50 000 ton Bio products
■ Jicama: 25 tons x 1 000 ha (from year 2) = 25 000 ton of food
Pollination
All our plantations, except Bamboo and Algae, need pollination!
Pollination
Pollination is the process by which pollen (male) in transferred from the ripe anther to
the receptive stigma in a flower of the same species, thereby enabling fertilisation of
the ovary (female) and the production of fruit and seeds (the reproduction of the
plant). Only 10% of flowering plants are pollinated without animal assistance (i.e. selfpollinated, wind pollinated, or water pollinated). Our plantation of Moringa, Pinnata and
Jicama need pollination to increase quantity of harvesting product and quality of
products.
Globally, honeybees are the most important pollinator of commercial pollinatordependant crops, with at least 90% of these crops reliant on honeybee services.
The following key points should be included in the plan:
• Approximate date to move bees into the crop, or the time relative to a certain
condition of bloom, and the approximate date on which bees are to be removed
• Location of crop
• Pattern of colony placement
• Beekeeper will provide a specified number of colonies of a minimum standard
• Grower will reimburse the beekeeper for any additional movement of colonies in, out,
or around the crop
• Grower will provide right of entry to the beekeeper for management of the bees while
on the pollination site
Pollination
Estimated yields on
ONE Ha Plot
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Algae
Bamboo
Pinnata
Moringa seeds
Moringa pods
Jicama
100 to 140 m.ton/ha
100 to 160 ton/ha
40 tons
5 tons
24 tons
27,5 tons
Estimated Oil yields on
ONE Ha Plot/year
■ Algae
60 tons
■ Bamboo
50 tons
■ Pinnata
18 tons
■ Moringa oil
2.5 tons
■ Jicama
2.5 tons
Carbon Credits
■ As the bamboo and tree species
are recognized by the UN as forest
species, the establishment of these
plantations is eligible for carbon credits.
■ If well organized and established on
land that has been denuded of trees or
has never had trees, each ha may be
worth as much as $2000 / year/ha in
carbon funding.
Carbon Credits
–Environment
•Offsets 2,650 000 tons/yr of CO2 & 40,000 tons/yr of
Methane
–Provides over 4 billion calories/year from food & 3.5
billion calories/year from animal feed for assisting foodaid organizations
–Powered by 100% renewable energy
•On-site Solar PV & Waste-to-Energy power generation
•Nearly 9 MW of power by gas turbines generators on
methane( 3 units x 3 MW)
•Offset, from power generation, equivalent of 1,600k
tons/yr of CO2
•Collecting/avoiding use of 3 million cubic meters of
freshwater/yr
Bio-Diesel Production
Mobile processing plant
160miI liter / year fixed plant
Benefits in Limpopo and for Limpopo
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Immediate Access to approximately 75,000Ha Land
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Waste Water Treatment Bio Digesters for Gray water for feed Algae ,
Organic Compost for long term Plantations and Gas Methane for feed
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Algae and distribution for Community use
Planned 500 units houses for workers, 50 units for management and
10 units for top management
Develop Guest House and Game Lodge with Game farm, crocodile farm
and bee farm
Develop Company Centre: Office, Cultural Centre, Planet Fitness
Health Club, Agricultural College, School, Shopping Centre, Restaurant
and Cafe, Health Care Clinic with Linkedcare.
Access to extra, under utilised, 25 000 Ha to 50 000Ha, Non Arable
land
Close to road and easy access to port for products export. Easy
establish production of building materials by our plant and community
handcraft unit, food, pulp for paper and material, fuel production.
Easy Access to Site and Access to fresh water
Full Community Support
Challenges in Area
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Housing Backlog
Limited access to basic services amongst Poor.
Problem with Preschool and Training Centres, schools
Poor life condition, low level of sanitation, waste, is a major
Health and Social Problems in area
Hugh unemployment between Youth and Women
Hugh clean water shortage
Electricity is limited and paraffin, candles and LPG are
becoming more and more expensive
Environment is degraded with problems of over grassing,
Water Weeds and Alien Vegetation, runoff soil
Farms have problems with feed stock for animals
Farms have problems of disposing of animal wastes
Fertility of land is low for conventional farming activity
Proposal
We have offer 75 000 ha for Self Sustainable Farming in Limpopo.
for year one:
ESTIMATED PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT TIME LINES AND REQUIREMENTS
FOR :
SHORT, MEDIUM TERM PRODUCTIVE SUSTAINABILITY
5 000 ha Pinnata
10 000 ha Bamboo
10 000 ha Moringa oleifera
5 000 ha Jicama
for year two:
5 000 ha Pinnata
10 000 ha Bamboo
10 000 ha Moringa oleifera
5 000 ha Jicama
LONG TERM PRODUCTIVE SUSTAINABILITY
1000 ha – dependant on personal and market requirements options would be;
600 ha Algae (open ponds) for stage one and 6 000ha for stage 2
 Install Pyrolysis equipment and 10 000m3 Biogas Digester’s
Systems fed from Farming activity , Company Village and
waste from production of Oil plants
 Recycle water and extract Biogas
 Utilise Gas to drive Turbine Genset (approximately 10MW) and
supply Bio Gas in cylinders to Community.
 Utilise Water and fertiliser for Sustainable way of Farming
 Develop Marketing and Job Creation Centre
 Develop all available land in phases starting with energy, oil
and food production then moving towards Biofuels from long
and short term plantation, what is must be plant as soon as we
start Project.
Requirements
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Operational Capital from our investors
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Purchase of Equipment and machinery. Pyrolysis equipment
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Order and install Temporary office, Warehouses and workshops
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Start cleaning up land for plantation
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Purchase of crop seedlings for start and open Nursery, for own
seedlings stock growing
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PV energy generation, Co generation and Three generation systems,
Gas and steam Turbine Generators
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Construction of office, warehouses, work shops, Dormitory and
houses. Green Houses and Pig Farm with Chicken Farm.
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Abattoir and Biogas Digesters
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Ponds for Algae growing
Production plant for Oil extraction and feed cakes processing
Feed stock production from our own plantation
Food processing, packaging
System
Super Structure
Solid Biomass
Future Energy Crop of
Africana Spirotakia,
Bamboo, Windy Bundu etc
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Bio Oil
Fuel Gas
Combustion
HEAT
ELECTRICITY
Wet Biomass
Poultry litter, Pig litter, cow dung,
household kitchen waste, agroprocessing waste, sewerage,
waterweeds, sewerage from existing
waste works
Anaerobic
Fermentation
BioGas
Economic Sustainability
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Each Plantation, Oil Plants, food and feed stock processing, Create
Direct and Indirect Sustainable Jobs
Bamboo Plantation with processing plant and building materials plant
Create Direct and Indirect Sustainable Jobs
Project could have “Commercial IRR of 13% over 10 years
Provision of Energy has been shown to have positive impact on
economic activity, Poverty Alleviation and Self sustainability of
Community
Development of Food Production industry to stimulate Economic
Activities
Possible sale of Electricity and Compost
Development of Future Energy Crops
Improved Land Use
Decentralised management and use of Resource Flows, Education of
Youth, Woman, mind change for further developments in Limpopo and
South Africa
Social Sustainability
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No indoor smoke from cooking or heating thereby promoting a healthy
way of life
Food gardens produce trade and supply of Food
Improvement of appearance of village due to greening projects by
using nutrient rich grey water
Flushing toilets improving morale in the community
Compliments conventional systems
Creation of direct and indirect employment opportunities thru
education
Potential to seed self reliance in relatively new economies
Creation of Community Cooperation with AGD partnership, for develop
self sustainable system, what is can alleviate Community to new level
What is can utilise new, advance, agricultural technology for
communal benefits. 365 days Organic feed stock for all Communal
Coop live stock (in AGD Feed Lots), Abattoir, Packaging, Freezer and
Transport
No risk, Maximum profit, Job creation and excess to market.
Environmental Sustainability
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No burning of paraffin, coal and wood thereby reducing emissions
Sludge from the biogas digester makes for good bio-fertiliser which will
be used for green projects as well as food and future bio-energy crop
production
Reuse of water from digester after it is filtered
Cleaning up of area by control of water weed and alien vegetation
bringing a better and healthy environment
Local investment and infrastructure upgrade
Better waste management and sanitation provision
Nutrient reclamation