IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Prototype IPC Nutrition Phase
Classification for Acute Situations
Why we need it & the development process
GNC Meeting, Rome
17 Sept. 2014
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Presentation Outline
Prototype IPC Nutrition Phase Classification
for Acute Situations
• What is IPC?
• Why is a nutrition classification needed?
• IPC Nutrition Classification - technical development
process
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
What is IPC?
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
THE IPC IS…..
 A set of tools and procedures (protocols) for
classifying the nature and severity of food
security situations
 A process for multiple stakeholders to share
information and build technical consensus.
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
IPC FOUR CORE FUNCTIONS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Building Technical Consensus
Classifying Severity and Driving Factors
Communicating for Action
Quality Assurance
 EACH HAS A SET OF SUPPORTING TOOLS and
PROCEDURES
IPC
The 4 Functions of IPC
Functions
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
1. Building
Consensus
3. Communication 4. Quality
for Action
Assurance
ANALYTICAL
FRAMEWORK
REFERENCE
TABLES
ANALYSIS
WORKSHEETS
Understanding
evidence with
an integrated
Analytical
Framework
Referencing
evidence
against
international
standards
Transparently
methodically &
consensually
analyzing
evidence
SELF ASS.
PEER
REVIEW
COMMUNICATION
TEMPLATE
Procedures for:
Tools
TWG MATRIX
2. Classifying Severity & Driving Factors
Multi-agency
stakeholders
to do
collaborative
analysis
Transform
analyses
into
concise
information
for action
6
Assuring
for
quality
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Why is nutrition classification
needed?
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Why an IPC Nutrition phase classification for Acute
Situations - Background
IPC Acute Food Security Phase Classification
Proven Applicability and Relevance - Globally





Asia & Near East
Africa
Central America & Caribbean
North Africa & Near East
Central Asia
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Why do we need an IPC Nutrition Classification for Acute
Situations?
Two Situations We Observe:
1.
Low severity of acute Food Insecurity and High levels of
acute Malnutrition
– Why? Casual factors are not food security related
– A public health issue, related to social and care
environment and access to health services and health
care environment
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Example: FSNAU Nutrition & Food Security
Situation in Somalia
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Why do we need Both Classifications?
2.
High severity of acute Food Insecurity and Low
levels of acute Malnutrition Why? 2 possible
reasons
 Lag effect
o
o
Body Tissue and muscle loss related to underlying causes of
food insecurity – depends on severity of food inadequacy
Can take time before it manifests, some cases ‘’late indicator’’
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Why do we need Both Classifications?
 Mitigating Factors
o
o

Coping strategies in household, e.g. prioritize the children, until
deplete their coping strategies.
Accessible and Effective Public Health Services, that mitigate
effects of acute malnutrition, though food insecurity still
problem
IF there are social protection programme, strong coping capacity:
nutrition indicators - lag effect or no manifestation
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
How is Nutrition Currently
Integrated in IPC?
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Identified Gap & Country Requests

To date - IPC focused on the analysis and
classification of food security situations and
outcomes

Nutrition is integrated within the IPC FS analysis,
–
–
–
Not a full analysis of the Nutrition situation and
outcomes
Nutrition only in relation to Food Security
Malnutrition caused by non-food security are not
included, i.e. inadequate caring practices and disease
IPC
UNICEF’s Conceptual Framework on
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
the Causes of Malnutrition
Core
outcomes
Immediate
Causes
Underlying
Causes
Basic
Causes
Malnutrition
& Death
Inadequate Food
Intake
Household
Food Security
Disease
Social and
Care
Environment
National Policies
Formal and Informal Structure
Context and Potential Resources
Access to
Health Care
& the Health
Environment
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
How is IPC FS linked with the Nutrition Classification?
IPC Acute Food
Security informs the
Analysis of
Household Food
Security
Malnutrition
& Death
Inadequate Food
Intake
Household
Food Security
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
What is needed in IPC?
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
What is needed to complement
the IPC Acute Food Insecurity Phase Classification?
The Prototype
IPC Nutrition
Classification
for Acute
Situations
- elaborates
and measures
the non-food
factors and
drivers of
malnutrition
Malnutrition
& Death
Disease
Social and
Care
Environment
Access to
Health Care
& the Health
Environment
IPC
UNICEF’s Conceptual Framework on
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
the Causes of Malnutrition
IPC Nutrition
Malnutrition
Classification for
& Death
Acute Situations
Inadequate Food
Intake
Household
Food Security
IPC Acute Food
Security Classification
Disease
Social and
Care
Environment
Access to
Health Care
& the Health
Environment
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Prototype IPC Nutrition Classification for Acute Situations
•
IPC Acute Food Security Classification – provides the full analysis of acute food security,
and food security factor analysis for the IPC Nutrition Classification for Acute Situations
•
IPC Nutrition Phase Classification for Acute Situations – provides the full analysis of acute
malnutrition outcomes, nonfood factors and food factor analysis. Where food factors
analysis is provided by the IPC Acute Food Security (Inter-locking)

Complementary Inter-linking Phase Classifications
– IPC Acute Food Security Phase Classification & IPC Nutrition Phase Classification for
Acute Situations are to be complementary & inter-locking
– Together provide the full analysis of acute food and nutrition security situation
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Development Process:
Nutrition Phase Classification for Acute
Situations
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
IPC Global Steering Committee Endorsement

In 2013 - the IPC Global Steering Committee endorsed resolution to
develop IPC Nutrition Phase Classification for Acute Situations

The SC endorsed the use of Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit
(FSNAU) Acute Nutrition Classification Tool as a base
– Developed & Implemented along side the IPC Food Security Phase
Classification, since 2007 in Somalia

Formation of IPC Nutrition Working Group of the IPC Global Technical
Advisory Group (TAG)
– to lead technical development & piloting
– Technical Experts from both the global food security and nutrition
community
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Prototype IPC Nutrition Classification for Acute
Situations

Based on the Acute Nutrition Classification Tool , an IPC
Nutrition Classification for Acute Situations prototype has been
developed.

Prototype is the refined version of the FSNAU Nutrition
Classification Tool
– Analytical Framework


–
–
IPC Analytical Framework
UNICEF & Lancet Conceptual Framework
Reference Tables for Nutrition Classification
Mapping Protocol
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Prototype IPC Nutrition Classification for Acute
Situations

Prototype IPC Nutrition Phase Classification for Acute Situations
– Focused on analysis of Acute Malnutrition
– Classification of the Severity of Acute Malnutrition &
identification of contributory factors

Pilot test and revise by the global IPC NWG for
universal applicability
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Prototype IPC Nutrition Classification for Acute Situations

Share same IPC Protocols and Four Core
Functions
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Building Technical Consensus
Classifying Severity and Contributory Factors
Communicating for Action
Quality Assurance
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
IPC Prototype Nutrition Classification for Acute Situations
Reference Table – Outcome Indicators
Indicator
GAM among children 6-59
months (%)
Acceptable
<5
Alert
5-9.9
Serious
10-14.9
Critical
15-29.9
Very critical
≥30
MUAC <125 mm among
children 6-59 months (%)
<2.0%
2.1-5.5% with
increase from
seasonal trends
5.6-8.0%
8.1-19.9 %, or where
there is significant
increase from
seasonal trends
≥20.0%, Or where
there is significant
increase from
seasonal trends
Very low
(<5%) and
stable levels
Low levels (5 to
<10%)and one
round indicating
increase,
seasonally
adjusted
Low (5 to < 10%) &
increasing or
moderate (10 to
<15%) levels based
on two rounds
(seasonally adjusted)
High levels (> 15%) of
malnourished children
and stable (seasonally
adjusted)
High levels (> 15%)
and increasing with
increasing trend
(seasonally adjusted)
V. low (<5%)
proportion in
the preceding
3mths relative
to >2yr
seasonal
trends
Low proportion
(5 to <10%) and
stable trend in
the preceding
3mths relative to
>2yr seasonal
trends
Moderate (10 to
<15%) and stable or
low (5 to <10%) but
increasing proportion
in the preceding
3mths relative to >2yr
seasonal trends
High (> 15%) and
stable proportion in
the preceding 3mths
relative to >2yr
seasonal trends
High (> 15%) and
increasing proportion
in the preceding
3mths relative to >2yr
seasonal trends
TBD
<1.0
TBD
<1.0
TBD
1.0-2.0
Sentinel Site Data
HMIS Data
Programme Data
Screening (purposive) (%)
TBD
2.1-3.0
TBD
3.1-5.5
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
IPC Prototype Nutrition Classification for Acute Situations
Reference Table – Contributory Factors (1/3)
Food security
Indicator
Food Consumption Score
(FCS)
Acceptable
Acceptable
consumption
Alert
Acceptable
consumption (but
deteriorating)
Serious
Borderline
consumption
Critical
Very critical
[below] poor
consumption
Poor
consumption
Coping Strategies Index (CSI)
Reference,
stable
Reference, but
unstable
Reference and
increasing
Significantly >
reference
Far > reference
Household Hunger Score
(HHS)
None (0)
Slight (1)
Moderate (2-3)
Severe (4-6)
Severe (6)
Household Economy
Approach (HEA)
No livelihood
protection
deficit
Small or moderate
livelihood
protection deficit
Substantial
livelihood
protection deficit
or small survival
deficit of <20%
Survival deficit
>20% but <50%
with reversible
coping
considered
Survival deficit
>50% with
reversible
coping
considered
Consolidated Approach for
Scoring Indicators of Food
Security (CARI)
See attached table
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
IPC Prototype Nutrition Classification for Acute Situations
Reference Table – Contributory Factors (2/3)
Social and care environment
Indicator
Acceptable
Breastfeeding (BF) Practices
i) Exclusive BF for 6mths
ii) Continued BF at 1 year
iii) Continued BF at 2year
reference
Complementary feeding in
addition to breastfeeding
i) Introduction of complementary
food at 6 months of age:
%introduced
ii) Meeting minimum
recommended feeding
frequency
Maternal Wellbeing Index
Caregiver workload
TBD
Alert
Serious
>90%
>90%
>90%
50-89%
50-89%
50-89%
12-49%
12-49%
12-49%
≥95%
≥95%
80-94%
80-94%
60-79%
80-94%
Critical
Very critical
0-11%
0-11%
0-11%
0-59%
0-59%
0-59%
0-59%
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
IPC Prototype Nutrition Classification for Acute Situations
Reference Table – Contributory Factors (3/3)
Access to Health Care & Health Environment
Diseases/nutritional deficiencies
Indicator
Diarrhoea
Cholera
ARI
Measles
Malaria


Acceptable
Normal
levels, &
seasonal
trends,
Review
data in
relevant
context
Alert
-AWD 1 case
-Suspected cholera 1 case
-Suspected measles 1 case
-Suspected malaria–doubling
of cases in 2 weeks in hyper
endemic areas–using RDT
(WHO); OR increasing
weekly trend (UNICEF)
Micronutrient deficiency outbreaks
Anaemia
Indicator
Availability of iodised salt at the HH level
Vaccination coverage (Measles and vitamin A)
ANC Coverage
Low Birth Weight
Coverage of outreach programmes
Access to safe WASH
Indicator
Population have access
i) to a sufficient quantity of water for drinking,
cooking, personal & domestic hygiene–min 15lts
Serious
Critical
Very critical
Outbreak not contained and/or in non-endemic
area – limited access to treatment:
CFR for AWD >2% rural
CFR for AWD >1% urban
AWD – duration exceed >6 wks
Severe ≥ 40
Moderate 20 – 39.9
Mild 5 – 19.9
Severe ≤ 4.9
Acceptable
TBD
>95%
>95%
TBD
TBD
TBD
Alert
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
Critical
TBD
80-94.9%
80-94.9%
TBD
TBD
TBD
Very critical
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
Acceptable
100%
Alert
TBC
Serious
TBC
Critical
TBC
Very critical
TBC
100%
TBC
TBC
TBC
TBC
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Communication for action
Map IPC Pilot Nutrition Classification, Kenya
Map IPC Pilot Nutrition Classification, South Sudan
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Timeline & Work Plan

Two Year - Piloting and development period (2014-2015)
–
–
2014-15 development of IPC Prototype based on FSNAU tool, Pilot and
Refine/Revise
2016
Expected Roll-out of V.1.0 IPC Nutrition Classification

Process – Technical Consultations & Deliberations combined with
Country Pilots & Learning for Refinement of tool

2014 Timeline & Work Plan
–
–
–
–
–
–
Launch of IPC Global Nutrition Working Group, March 25, 2014
First IPC NWG Meeting: June 23-25
Development of Tools and First Round of Pilots: July – Aug 2014 (Kenya and
South Sudan)
Second IPC NWG Meeting: Sept 2014
Second Round of Pilots: Oct – Nov 2014 (Bangladesh, Haiti, and Niger)
Third IPC NWG Meeting and planning for 2015, Dec 2014
IPC
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
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