Water Quality data transfer
WaterML 2.0 – part 3 ?
Simon Cox
LAND AND WATER
Summary
• Use of OMXML standard for encoding single measurements
• Use of WaterML 2.0 – Part 1 (WML2) for water quality timeseries data
• observed property to be taken from water quality ontologies
• units appropriate to the property
• feature of interest is a water feature.
• Documentation consistent with OGC and ISO requirements
• explicit, testable requirements
• related to an explicit target artefact or service.
• Schematron validation of conformance classes
Simons, B.A and Cox, S.J.D., (2013) Water Quality exchange standard for Bioregional Assessments.
Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Report series ISSN: 1835-095X.
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
Water Quality package dependencies
ISO 19103:2005 Schema Language
+ Basic Types
ISO 19109:2005 Application Schema
Legend
+ General Feature Model
O&M requirements
(from ISO 19103 Conceptual Schema
Language)
(from ISO 19109 Application Schema)
WaterML 2 requirements
WaterQuality requirements
«requirementsClass»
observ ation
«requirementsClass»
measurement
+ NamedValue
+ OM_Measurement
+ ObservationContext
(from Observation schema)
+ OM_Observation
+ OM_Process
(from Observation schema)
«requirementsClass»
WQ_Measurement
«requirementsClass»
WQ_Observ ation
+ WQ_Measurement
+ WQ_PropertyType
«requirementsClass»
WQ_MeasurementTimeSeriesTVPObserv ation
«RequirementsClass»
Measurement Timeseries (TVP) Observ ation
+ MeasurementTimeseriesTVPObservation
+ WQ_MeasurementTimeSeriesTVPObservation
(from WaterML2.0)
«import»
«requirementsClass»
WQ_MeasurementTimeseriesTVP
+ WQ_MeasurementTimeSeriesTVP
«RequirementsClass»
Measurement (TVP) Timeseries
+ MeasurementPointMetadata
+ MeasurementTimeseriesMetadata
+ MeasurementTimeseriesTVP
+ MeasureTimeValuePair
(from WaterML2.0)
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
WQ classes as sub-types of O&M and WaterML 2
«FeatureType»
observation::OM_Observation
+
parameter :NamedValue [0..*]
+
phenomenonTime :TM_Object
+
resultQuality :DQ_Element [0..*]
+
resultTime :TM_Instant
+
validTime :TM_Period [0..1]
constraints
{observedProperty shall be a phenomenon associated with the feature of interest}
{procedure shall be suitable for observedProperty}
Phenomenon
{result type shall be suitable for observedProperty}
{a parameter.name shall not appear more than once}
1
«metaclass»
+observedProperty
General Feature Model::
GF_PropertyType
{root}
«FeatureType»
«FeatureType»
coverageObservation::
measurement::
OM_DiscreteCoverageObservation
OM_Measurement
«metaclass»
WQ_Observation::
WQ_PropertyType
«FeatureType»
Range
Timeseries Observation::
«FeatureType»
TimeseriesObservation
WQ_Measurement::
WQ_Measurement
+result
Units of Measure::Measure
{root}
«FeatureType»
Timeseries (TVP) Observation::
+
value :Number
+
convert(UnitOfMeasure*) :Measure
TimeseriesTVPObservation
Legend
«FeatureType»
WQ_MeasurementTimeSeriesTVPObservation::
O&M Classes
+result
WQ_MeasurementTimeSeriesTVPObservation
Timeseries
WaterML 2 Classes
«FeatureType»
Water Quality Classes
Interleaved (TVP) Timeseries::
TimeseriesTVP
TimeValuePair
+element
+collection
«Type»
«Type»
Measurement (TVP) Timeseries::
MeasureTimeValuePair
+
0..*
CoverageFunction
0..*
Measurement (TVP) Timeseries::
MeasurementTimeseriesTVP
value :Measure
«FeatureType»
WQ_MeasurementTimeseriesTVP::
WQ_MeasurementTimeSeriesTVP
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
Requirements Classes (option 1)
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
Requirements Classes (option 2)
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
Conformance Classes
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
Schematron
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
Water Quality observable property vocabulary
1. Observable property model as a formal ontology based on
 OGC O&M v1.0 (Cox, 2007)
 QUDT v1.1 (Hodgson and Keller, 2011)
2. Content from various Australian and international projects
3. Analytes linked to Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology
Simons, B.A, Yu, J. and Cox, S.J.D., (2013) Water Quality vocabularies for the Bioregional Assessment Framework.
Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Report series ISSN: 1835-095X
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
Water Quality observable property
vocabulary
Simon Cox
LAND AND WATER
Water Quality observable property vocabulary
1. Observable property model as a formal ontology based on
 OGC O&M v1.0 (Cox, 2007)
 QUDT v1.1 (Hodgson and Keller, 2011)
2. Content from various Australian and international projects
3. Analytes linked to Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology
Simons, B.A, Yu, J. and Cox, S.J.D., (2013) Water Quality vocabularies for the Bioregional Assessment Framework.
Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Report series ISSN: 1835-095X
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
Healthy Headwaters Terms
cas_rn
number
Number
of tests
267621
EC
Units_used
us/cm
(256639),
ms/cm
(10948),
mg/L (25)
ANGDTS
Code
EC
pH units
pH
negative logarithm of hydrogen
ion concentration in ph units
90358
mg/L
(90357),
mg/kg (1)
1688700-6
concentration of chloride as Cl in
milligrams/litre
89918
mg/L
TDS
TDS
TOTALAL
KALINITY
HARDNE
SS_CACO
3
89142
mg/L
ALKT
88044
mg/L
HARD
87949
mg/L
the portion of total solids that
passes through filter and
deemed to have been dissolved
in sample in milligrams/litre
concentration in milligrams/litre
CaCO3 of titratable bases using a
methyl-orange endpoint of about
pH 4.3
the ability of water to precipitate
soap and is sum of calcium and
magnesium concentrations as
milligrams/litre CaCO3
TDI
SAR
80643
3812-326
72329
68072
NITRATE
7439-896
53215
Ratio
mg/L
(72328),
%MOL (1)
mg/L
(68071),
mg/kg (1)
mg/L
(53074),
mg/kg (1),
ug/L (140)
SAR
ratio of sodium to magnesium
and calcium and used to assess
risk of excess sodium in irrigation
water
ALKC
alkalinity ascribed to carbonate
in milligrams/litre CO3
1479755-8
concentration of nitrate as N in
milligrams/litre
7439-896
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
WDTF
Parameter
chemical
name
ADWG name
IUPAC
name
ease at which conduction current
can be caused to flow through
ElectricalCo
material in
nductivityA Electrical
microSiemens/centimetre
t25C_uScm Conductivity
104367
PH
1688700-6
ANGDTS Description
WaterpH_p
H
pH
Total
Dissolved
Solids
Chloride
Total
Dissolved
Solids
Chloride
Anion
Halide
Silica + Total Anions + Total Cations
pH,
alkalinity,
acidity
Hardness (as
calcium
carbonate)
Hardness
(as calcium
carbonate)
Salinity
Sodium
Adsorption
Ratio
Carbonate
Alkalinity (as
CaCO3)
Nitrate
us/cs and ms/cm could all be
MicroSiemens/cm,
but temperature of measurement
not recorded
Salinity
Total
Alkalinity (as
CaCO3)
Hardness (as
CaCO3)
Total
Dissolved
Ions
Comments
Conductivit
y
pH,
alkalinity,
acidity
pH
Chloride
Group
Carbonat
e
Nitrate and
Nitrite
Total Anions + Total Cations
SAR = [Na+] / {([Ca2+] + [Mg2+]) /
2}1/2
Salinity
pH,
alkalinity,
acidity
Nitrate and
Nitrite
Anion
Metal
Cation
concentration of iron as Fe in
milligrams/litre
Iron
Iron
Transition metal
O&M V1 Annex C (cut-down version)
class O&M_v 1_AnnexC_Figure6
+base
«GF_PropertyType»
PropertyType
1
«GF_PropertyType»
ConstrainedPropertyType
+
+
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
otherConstraint :CharacterString [0..*]
singleConstraint :Any [0..*]
QUDT - QuantityKind, Unit, Quantity, QuantityValue,
SystemOfUnits and SystemOfQuantities OWL classes
http://www.qudt.org/
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
QUDT Core model
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
WQ extension
to QUDT
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
Relationship between Water Quality (green), QUDT Unit
(blue) and QUDT QuantityKind (tan) classes.
+objectOfInterest
PropertyKind
SubstanceOrTaxon
1
Other QuantityKind Classes
ScaledQuantityKind
QuantityKind
«equivalentClass»
+qudt:
1
quantityKind
ChemistryQuantityKind
Legend
1..*
+unit
Water Quality
Unit
QUDT: QuantityKind
QUDT: Unit
Class
Other Unit Classes
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
CountingUnit
ConcentrationUnit
WQ dissolved Nitrogen concentration example
PropertyKind
+objectOfInterest
1
SubstanceOrTaxon
ScaledQuantityKind
QuantityKind
«equivalentClass»
DimensionlessRatio
+qudt:quantityKind
non-metal
elemental nitrogen
1
+unit
concentration
Unit
(CHEBI_33267)
+qudt:generalization
+exactMatch
nitrogen
+objectOfInterest
1..*
ChemistryQuantityKind
MechanicsQuantityKind
dissolved nitrogen
concentration
+qudt:generalization
qudt:generalization is a
+qudt:generalization
subPropertyOf skos:broader
+qudt:generalization
Density
Concentration
inorganic nitrogen
concentration
organic nitrogen
+qudt:quantityKind
+qudt:quantityKind
MassPerVolumeUnit
ConcentrationUnit
concentration
AmountOfSubstancePerUnitVolume
Legend
Water Quality
QUDT: QuantityKind
QUDT: Unit
+qudt:quantityKind
Class
+qudt:quantityKind
Instance
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
MilliGramsPerLitre
MolePercent
CountingUnit
QUDT & WQ instances (Nitrogen and pH)
wq_obs_prop
wq_objects
+objectOfInterest
SubstanceOrTaxon
PropertyKind
QuantityKind
1
1
«equivalentClass»
DimensionlessRatio
+qudt:quantityKind
ScaledQuantityKind
ChemistryQuantityKind
nitrogen
+objectOfInterest
+unit
wq-quantity_kind
concentration
+exactMatch
+qudt:generalization
(CHEBI_33267)
+qudt:generalization
PotentialHydrogen
+qudt:generalization
+quantityKind
Concentration
inorganic nitrogen
concentration
+quantityKind
organic nitrogen
+qudt:
quantityKind
CountingUnit
concentration
ConcentrationUnit
Water Quality - QUDT
wq-unit
pH
Legend
MilliGramsPerLitre
Water Quality
Percent
QUDT: QuantityKind
QUDT: Unit
Class
+qudt:quantityKind
+qudt:quantityKind
Unit
dissolved nitrogen
elemental nitrogen
1..*
Instance
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
RDF file name
MilliBecquerelPerLitre
MolePercent
Associated dissolved nitrogen objects
+objectOfInterest
nitrogen
dissolved nitrogen
concentration
+qudt:generalization
qudt:unit
+exactMatch
Concentration
qudt:unit
+qudt:quantityKind
elemental nitrogen
(CHEBI_33267)
MolePercent
AmountOfSubstancePerUnitVolume
+qudt:quantityKind
MilliGramsPerLitre
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
WQ Imports
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
QUDT ‘cleaning’ process
Add rdfs:subClassOf = skos:Concept
for qudt:QuantityKind, and qudt:Unit
Add rdfs:subPropertyOf
skos:semanticRelation for:
qudt:quantityKind and qudt:unit
Add Unit (wqu)
instances
water-quality.ttl
qudt-owl-clean.ttl
imports
into
imports
into
wq-unit.ttl
remove skos:sematicRelation
properties
qudt-skos.ttl
QUDT Concepts used:
qudt:Unit
qudt:QuantityKind
imports
into
imports
into
wq_obs_prop.ttl
Removes semantic
content resulting from
links to dbpedia
wq-quantity_kind.ttl
Add QuantityKind (wqk)
instances
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
imports
into
imports
into
Add water quality
ObservedProperty (wqi),
Add wqp:objectOfInterest property
qudt_owl.ttl
qudt-dbpediaannotations.rdf
export skos:semanticRelation
properties
qudt-skosproperties.rdf
convert skos:semanticRelation
properties to rdfs:seeAlso properties
ChEBI to SKOS process
manually create
owl:equivalentClass
statements
transforms
wq-owl.ttl
skos:Concept
to owl:Class
imports
into
imports
into
chebi.owl
wq-objects.ttl
wq_owl-chebimapping.ttl
Subset of
IdentifiedObjects
transforms
owl:equivalentClass
to skos:exactMatch
transform owl:Class
to skos:Concept
Add prov:hadPrimarySource
imports
into
imports
into
wq-chebi_skos_
mapping.ttl
imports
into
chebi_skos.ttl
wq_obs_prop.ttl
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
Water Quality observable property vocabulary
1. Observable property model as a formal ontology based on
 OGC O&M v1.0 (Cox, 2007)
 QUDT v1.1 (Hodgson and Keller, 2011)
2. Specifies the relationships between
 measurable water quality properties
 measurement types
 permissible units-of-measure
3. Content from
 Healthy Headwaters,
 Australian National Groundwater Data Transfer Standard
 CUAHSI Hydrologic Information System terms;
4. Analytes linked to Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology
5. Units of measure linked to QUDT v1.1
Simons, B.A, Yu, J. and Cox, S.J.D., (2013) Water Quality vocabularies for the Bioregional Assessment Framework.
Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Report series ISSN: 1835-095X
WaterML-WQ | Simon Cox | Page 2
Thank you
Environmental Information Systems
Simon Cox
t +61 3 9252 6342
e simon.cox@csiro.au
w www.csiro.au/science/Environmental-Information-Systems
LAND AND WATER