Eco VS Econ Bioplastics
Bioplastics for Eco-Living
Dr. Pipat Weerathaworn
President of Thai Bioplastics Industry
Association (TBIA)
22 June 2010
Outline of Presentation
• Why Bioplastic ?
• Global Trend against Plastic
• Feedstock for Bioplastic
• Conventional Plastic vs Bioplastic
• Bioplastics Production Chain
• Bioplastic Investment in Thailand
Why bioplastics
Petrochemical Structure
Products from
Feedstock
upstream
petrochemical industry
Products from downtream
petrochemical industry
Products and applications
Natural gas
or petroleum
ethane
propane
naptha
Ethylene
Propylene
Butadiene
Benzene
Styrene
Toluene
xylene
http://school.obec.go.th/mclschool/6.2.1.r/12.htm
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polyvinylchloride
Polystyrene
etc.
PE: bag, film, container
PP: bag, rope, bottle, insulator
PVC: pipe, film
PS: foam, tape cassette
Raw materials for
synthetic fiber
Costume, cutain, carpet
Synthetic rubber
Rubber, canvas
Raw material for
coating, solvent,
etc.
Surfactant
Surfactant, shampoo
Others
Feritlzier, dye, glue
coating
Plastics & Environment
Crude oil leak to the Ocean
Killing Birds
Block the way out of water Create CO2, make global warming
Pollution leak, hard to
clean
Killing Sea animals
Plastic bags & Environment
PLASTIC BAGS & THE ENVIRONMENT
Source: www.reusethisbag.com
World on Plastic Base in the Future
Global trend against Plastic
Picture source: www.reusethisbag.com
Source: Reusable Grocery Bags
Plastic Bag Usage & Bag Ban in USA
PLASTIC BAG USAGE : USA VS THE WORLD
Source: www.reusethisbag.com
Source: Reusable Grocery Bags
Worldwide plastic bags ban
BAG BANS : WORLDWIDE
Source: www.reusethisbag.com
Feedstock for Bioplastic
Renewable resources
Renewable resources are “any natural resources that are capable of
being regenerated or replaced by ecological processes on a time scale
relevant to their use”.
1st generation
2nd generation
Corn Stover
Bagasse1
Cassava
Corn
Grains
Sugarcane
Sugarbeet
Ethanol/
Biopolymers
Starch
Sugar/
Sucrose
Cellulose
Ferment
with
Yeast
Types of Bioplastics
Biomass-based
Bio-PE
Bio-Nylon
PP
PE
PS
PVC
PLA
PHA
PBAT
PBS
PBAT
PBS
PVA
PCL
Petroleum resource
Compostable
Non-Compostable
Bio-PP
Biodegradable & Compostable Plastic
Conventional plastic
Bury under
suitable
conditions
Degradability
Bio-Degradable
Bag
Bury under
suitable
conditions
Compostability
Compostable
Bag
CO2
H2 O
Bioplastic life cycle
Source : TBIA
Conventional Plastics VS Bio Plastics
Conventional PE VS Bio PE
Conventional PE VS Biobased PE
Petrobased PE
Biobased PE
Distillation
Fermentation
Ethane
Ethanol
Ethylene
Ethylene
Polyethylene
Green Ethylene Cycle
http://www.braskem.com.br/
Advantage of Green PE
 Carbon Footprint: Reduce CO2 emission through its life cycle
http://www.braskem.com.br/
Green Ethylene made from sugarcane ethanol are
able to absorb CO2
http://www.braskem.com.br/
Plastic VS Bioplastic Price
Bioplastic
Resin
Conventional Plastic
Resin
polyethylene
price (USD/lb)
0.79-0.94
price (USD/lb)
Green polyethylene
0.80-1.00
Polyhydroxyalkanoates
2.00-2.75
Polylactic acid
0.85-3.00
Starch-based polymers
1.07-3.00
Polyethylene and Bio-polyethylene price are not much different. But
every biobased plastic (from sugar cane) ton removes 2.5 tons of CO2 from
the atmosphere.
Source: Plastic Technology
: Argeni
PET, PS VS PLA
Plastic VS Bioplastic Cost
At Naureworks scale, Ingeo can be cost-competitive with PS and PET
benzene
stylene
$90/barrel
naphtha
oil
$1.00/lb
PS
ethylene
MEG
xylene
$0.80/lb
PET
PTA
$0.90/lb
$5/bushel
Corn
source: Natureworks LLC
starch
Lactic acid
lactide
Ingeo
Other examples of plastics VS Bio Plastics
Plastics VS Bio Plastics
Plastics VS Bio Plastics
PS
PET
PLA
CO2 Emissions
(kg CO2/kg polymer)
3.4
3.4
1.3
Non-renewable
Energy
87
82
42
1.0
0.8
0.9
(MJ/kg polymer)
Cost (USD/lb)
262%
262%
207%
186%
CO2 Emissions
111%
Non-renewable Energy
89%
100% 100% 100%
Cost
PLA: food packaging
PET: bottle
PS: foam, tape cassette
PS
PET
PLA
Bioplastic Products in Thailand
Bioplastic products
Price compared with
conventional plastic
(%)
Spoon
(+) 300 %
Fork
(+) 300 %
Cup 16 oz
(+) 28 %
Cup 20 oz
(+) 45 %
Tray
160x210x40 mm
(+) 55 %
Food container
147x147x92 mm
(+) 40 %
Examples of Bioplastics Products
Heinz Adopts
Coca-Cola
PlantBottles
(30% biobased)
s-bag®
GREEN,
Electrolux
"Nucycle",
NEC
Frito-Lay
Unveils
‘Quieter’
SunChips
Bags
Pritt ECOmfort
Correction Roller,
Henkel
Marketside Produce
Packaging, Walmart
Source: NatureWorks,
LLC , 2011.
Activia in
PLA cups
Urara Personal
Care, Shiseido
100% PET
bottle,
Pepsi
Bioplastics Production Chain
Farmer /
Feedstock
Producer
ปัจจุบนั มีการผลิต
วัตถุดบิ ทั้งอ้ อย
และมันสาปะหลัง
ทีส่ ่ งออกเป็ น
วัตถุดบิ ไปยัง
ต่ างประเทศ
มากกว่ า 80% จึง
เป็ นโอกาสในการ
สร้ างมูลค่ าเพิม่
แทนการส่ งออก
เป็ นวัตถุดบิ เพียง
อย่ างเดียว
Monomer
Producer
Resin
Producer
มีผ้ ผู ลิตต่ างประเทศ
ผลิตแลคติก
(Monomer) สาหรับ
อาหารและส่ งออก
ทั้งหมด แต่ ไม่ มีการ
ผลิต Polymer
ขณะนีต้ ่ างประเทศ
กาลังพิจารณาลงทุน
โดยใช้ นา้ ตาลและ
แป้ ง
Compounder
Converter
ปัจจุบันมีการผลิตพลาสติก
จากปิ โตรเคมี นามาทาเป็ น
compound resin เพือ่ เป็ น
วัตถุดบิ ในการขึน้ รู ปเป็ นบรรจุ
ภัณฑ์ รูปแบบต่ างๆ เพือ่ ใช้ งาน
บรรจุอาหาร หรือสิ นค้ าต่ างๆ มี
กาลังการผลิต 6 ล้านตัน มี
ผู้ประกอบการมากกว่ า 3000
ราย มูลค่ ารวม 250,000 ล้าน
บาท
End-Users
การใช้
พลาสติก
ปัจจุบัน
ก่อให้ เกิด
ปัญหา
สิ่ งแวดล้ อม
และการ
กาจัดขยะ
Bioplastic Investment in Thailand
PTT Chemical invests in NatureWorks
PTT Chemical announced today that it is collaborating
with Cargill to form a 50/50 joint venture by investing
$US150 million in NatureWorks LLC, the world's
leading bioplastics manufacturer and supplier of its
broad family of renewable Ingeo™ biopolymers made
from plants to plastics and fibers markets worldwide.
PTT, MCC forms bio-PBS JV
PTT Group and Mitsubishi Chemical Corp join hands in establishing
the first sugar-based bio-plastic manufacturing plant in Thailand, in
their bid to become a green plastic producer and turn Thailand into
the "bio-hub" of Asia.
PTT MCC Biochem Co Ltd is established as a 50:50 joint venture. The
company will start the plant construction in 2012 for commercial
operations in late 2014. With estimated investment of Bt 7 billion,
the plant will be capable of producing 36,000 tonnes of BSA from
sugar and 20,000 tonnes of PBS per annum.
http://www.prnewswire.com/
Thank you!
Questions & Answers
Dr. Pipat Weerathaworn
President of TBIA
Vice President: Growth Project Management
PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited
E-mail: pipat.we@pttgcgroup.com