Bio-based Control for Invasive Mussels
Prepared for NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Additives
4 December 2013
Manufactured by Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc.
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Marrone Bio Innovations:
Delivering the Next Generation in Biopesticides
We discover, develop, and market
effective and environmentally
responsible
bio-based pest management products
for agriculture and water applications
------------------------------------------------------------Founded in 2006 by Dr. Pamela Marrone
Currently employ 110+ employees
Headquartered in Davis, CA
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Zebra and Quagga Mussels are Spreading Throughout
US and Canada
Page 3
Invasive Mussels Cause $ Billions in
Economic & Environmental Damage
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Zequanox: The Industry’s Only Biopesticide for
Invasive Mussel Control
Environmentally friendly
• Derived from soil microbe Pseudomonas
fluorescens
– Present in all natural water bodies
– Used in production of food product (cheese
product) and present in yoghurt
– High concentrations present in your
refrigerator
– Composed of 50% dead cells and 50% foodgrade inert ingredients
EPA-registered, tolerance exempt (residues are
not of toxicological concern)
• Approved for all food and non-food uses,
including uses that result in direct or
incidental contact with food, food-contact
materials/equipment, irrigation and drinking
source water
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Overview of Manufacturing Steps
Manufacture at food grade facilities (some Kosher)
Fermentation
Raw Materials
Specifications
require food grade
Raw Materials are
Batched and
Sterilized
QC testing of post
batching and
sterilization
Batching with
concentrated cells
and inert
ingredients
QC on
concentrated cells
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Spry Drying
-Heat kills cells
Sterile
Fermentation
Concentration
(e.g, centrifuge,
fluidized bed)
QC of Harvest
Designed to
specifically grow
Pf CL 145
QC on
concentrated cells
Packaging
QC on final product
Minimally includes;
-Pathogen testing
-Viable cell count
Zequanox – possible uses in infested systems
 Storage and stabilization basins (NSF60 often required)
 Large transmission systems - canals, pipelines (NSF60 required)
 Reservoirs and Lakes (NSF60 often required)
- No EPA water quality limit for drinking water (e.g. copper)
- Will not kill stocked fish
 Intake structures (NSF60 required)
- Will not produce disinfection by-products in raw water
- Will not contribute residual copper to raw water
X Not labeled or intended for direct application to treated drinking
water (zebra mussels do not occur in chlorinated systems)
X Can not be combined with other chemical treatments
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Mussel Control Treatment Alternatives
• Chemical
– Oxidation chemicals – chlorine, ozone, KMnO4
• Chlorine frequently used in long conveyance structures (MWD of
Southern California) and long intake channels (miles)
– Non-oxidizing chemicals
• KCl
– One use in a non-drinking water source
• Amine compounds
• Copper sulfate
– Use in a few isolated situations for mussel control in source waters (legally)
• Non-chemical
– Zequanox
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Possible Resolutions
• Amend the standard to accommodate
microbial products that are intentionally
added to water
• Approve NSF60 cert. of Zequanox on the
grounds that it is not a (live) microbial product
• Other options?
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