Unit 8
World War II 1939-1945
U.S. enters 1941
• SSUSH 19 : The students will identify the
origins, major developments, and the
domestic impact of world War II, especially
the growth of the Federal Government
Beach Invasion of Normandy
Causes of World War II
• Great Depression
• Rise of Totalitarian Governments
• Treaty of Versailles- Made Germany go into
debt
• The need for resources
Totalitarian Govt
• Totalitarian- governments who restricted
person freedoms and prohibited political
opposition
– Adolf Hitler- leader of Germany (NAZI party)
– Benito Mussolini – Leader of Italy
Hitler’s Aggression and Appeasement
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•
•
•
the Hitler took over all these lands
Rhineland
Annexed Austria
Annexed Sudetenland(western
Czechoslovakia)
• Great Britain and France did nothing and
signed treaty with Germany this was called
appeasement
Japan
• Japan started seizing land for resources
• Manchuria(part of china) was taken over by
Japan.
Opposing sides
• Axis -Germany, Italy, Japan
• Germany- Hitler;
• Italy - Mussolini ;
• Japan- Emperor Hirohito
• Allies- France, Britain, United States (1941),
Soviet Union
–Soviet Union –Joseph Stalin
–Britain – Winston Churchill
–U.S. – Franklin D. Roosevelt / Truman
Hitler
Mussolini
Axis leaders
Hirohito
Totalitarian/Fascist Dictators Hitler and
Mussolini
Allies Churchill, Roosevelt, & Stalin
Unites states Reaction to Japan and
Germany
• Neutrality act- United States would not take
sides
• A. Phillip Randolph- was going to march on
Washington to get African Americans equal
employment in the military
World War II Begins1939-1945
• Sept. 1 1939 Hitler invaded Poland. This
started the War.
• Hitler Signed treaty with Soviet leader Joseph
Stalin- non aggression pact. Would not fight
each other
Germany’s Blitzkrieg
• Blitzkrieg – Germany's lighten fast warfare
• Germany conquered Denmark, Norway,
Poland, Belgium, Netherlands, and France in
less than a month
• Battle of Britain
– German planes bombed Britain airfields and civil
areas in London at night
– Royal Air force- Britain’s air force
• Lend-lease act- send aid to countries and
could defer payment until later.
– Roosevelt said “if a neighbors house is on fire you
don’t sell him a hose”, “you give him a hose, then
you get it back after the fire is out. This help your
neighbor and makes sure that the fire doesn’t’
spread to your house. “
• Dec. 7 1941 Japan attacked US naval fleet in
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This brought the united
States into World War II
– Dozen naval vessels damaged , 200 warplanes
destroyed, and 3000 people killed or wounded.
– FDR said, “This was a day which will live in infamy”
D-Day (operation overlord)
• D-Day or operation overlord (June 6, 1944)
was the largest amphibious invasion ever on
the beaches of Normandy, France.
• led by Supreme Commander Dwight D.
Eisenhower.
D-day(operation overlord )
June 6 1944
• Hitler committed suicide when Berlin fell.
• Germany surrendered and allies countries
celebrated V-E Day(victory over Europe day)
may 8 1945
•
Holocaust
• Hitler Proposed the final solution
• Final solution- killing of all Jews
• Concentration camps- where Jews were sent
to work or killed immediately
• 6-10 million Jews died this was called the
holocaust
• Auschwitz was the most notorious
concentration camp
War in the Pacific
• Battle of Midway- this is the turning point of
the war in the war
• The U.S. decided to do island hoppingconquer one group of islands then move to
the next.
• MacArthur- returned to Philippines: said, “I
shall return” and he did
• Iwo Jima and Okinawa cleared the way for
invasion of japan
Atomic Bomb
• Manhattan project led by Oppenheimerinvention of atomic bomb at los Alamos, New
Mexico.
• Enola Gay dropped the atomic bomb on
Hiroshima.
• Then on Nagasaki.
• V-J Day (victory over Japan Day) Aug 14, 1945
– Japan unconditionally surrender s
• War Production Board (WPA)- transforms
economy from peacetime to wartime.
• Victory gardens
• Rationing- could only buy so much of certain
materials.
WWII
• Rosie the Riveter- describes a woman working
in the factory where men used to.
• SUSH 20 The student will analyze the domestic
and international impact of the cold war on
the united states.
• SSUSH 21: The students will explain comic
growth and its impact on the United States
1945- 1970
The Iron Curtain
• Iron Curtain – was an imaginary line between
the democratic western part of Europe and
the communist ran eastern part of Europe
• Containment policy- said to keep communism
where it was and not let it spread to other
countries
• Truman doctrine- U.S. would not hesitate to
help nations to defend against communism.
• Marshall plan- provided nations in war torn
Europe with financial support from U.S.
• Germany was divided among U.S., Britain,
France and Soviet Union.
• Berlin which was in the part controlled by the
soviets was also split. West Berlin allies, east
Berlin Soviet union.
• Berlin airlift- when the u.s and British planes
supplied west Berlin because the soviet union
would not let allies use the roads.
• Cold War (1945-1991)- the tension between
the U.S. and the soviet Union (no shots were
fired)
Korean War 1950-1953-Containment
policy (domino Theory )
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•
•
•
•
Divided among the 38th parallel.
Northern – communist
Southern – democratic
Police action
At the end country still divided at the 38th
parallel.
Red Scare 1940’s and 50’s
• Red scare- thought people were communist
• HUAC- House Un-American Activities
Committee- root out communist in the federal
government
• McCarthyism- Sen Joseph McCarthy- the
ideas that there were communist in the state
department
• GI Bill– Job priority,
– Money for education
– Training, loans
– Purchase of new home and property
• Baby boom- explosion of population after
world war II 40’s and 50’s
• National highway act- called for a federal
interstate highway system enacted by
president Eisenhower
Kennedy Nixon Debate
• Television – showed Kennedy as cool and
collective, Nixon looked nervous and sweated.
• Nixon lost the election to Kennedy 1960
because of TV.
• Sputnik- the first artificial satellite to orbit
earth launched by the soviets
• Started the space race
• Neal Armstrong 1st man on the moon
JFK
• John F. Kennedy ordered the over through of
Fidel Castro by Cuban exiles- called the bay of
pigs. Not successful
• Cuban missile crisis- 13 day standoff between
Russia and united states. Russia put nuclear
war heads on Cuba.
Vietnam
• North- Ho Chi Minh communist
• South – Ngo Kinh Diem democratic
• Tet offensive- The north and the Viet Cong
launched a coordinated attack against the
United States and south Vietnamese forces.
– Showed communist could coordinate an attack
– Led citizens in U.S. to question war (citizens knew
long drawn out war)
Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh Trail
• North Vietnam (Vietcong)
used the Ho Chi Minh
Trail to supply troops and
send supplies to fight
South Vietnam
• SSUSh 22: the student will indentify
dimensions of the civil rights movement.
• SSUSH 23: The student will describe and
assess the impact of political development
between 1945 and 1970.
• SSUSh 24: The student will analyze the impact
of social change movement and organizations
of the 1960’s.
• Harry Truman- desegregates the military in
1948.
• Jackie Robinson Integrates baseball 1947
• Brown Vs. board of education- integration of
the public school system. 1954 overturned
Plessey v. Ferguson
• SCLC- leader Dr. King
Warren Court
• Warren court known for the years Earl Warren
was chief Justice of the Supreme Court (19531969)
• Activist court
• S.C. used its power to bring about social
reforms
• Brown vs Board, Mapp v Ohio, Gideon v
Wainwright, free speech, civil rights, and
separation of church and state
• King- non violence (civil disobedience)
• King’s “Letters from a Birmingham Jail”- king
wrote to ministers why civil disobedience was
the right way to go in civil rights struggle.
• March on Washington- King gave “I have a
dream Speech”
• Lyndon B, Johnson- got the civil rights act of
64 and voting rights act of 65 passes. Great
Society had all this in: Medicaid, Medicare,
and head start, and welfare
Warren Court 1953-1969
• Brought about social changes through the
court system under Chief Justice Earl Warren
• Brown vs Board of edu, Mapp v Ohio , Gideon
V. Wainwright, Miranda vs Arizonia
• Miranda vs. Arizona- have to be informed of
all your rights.
• Gideon vs. Wainwright- get a court appointed
attorney for free
Watergate
• People loyal to Nixon broke into Watergate
complex to wiretap the phones
• Watergate complex was the head of the
Democratic National Committee headquarters
• 5 men caught breaking into building
• Nixon did not know about the break in before
hand but covered it up.
Watergate cont.
• Nixon had a tape recording system installed in
Whitehouse. Supreme court ordered him to
turn over tapes. Tapes showed he knew about
the cover-up
• Nixon Resigned , Gerald Ford took office
(never was elected as president or vice
president)
• Ford pardoned Nixon.
• United Farm Workers- founded by Cesar
Chavez- support rights for migrant farm
workers for Hispanics.
Environmental movement
• Rachel Carson –published Silent springs- using
of certain pesticides was killing the
environment. (DDT)
• Earth Day- start of the environmental
movement- EPA started
• Regents of UC. Vs Bakke- limited affirmative
action and quota systems.
• Roe vs. wade- women's right to privacyabortion
• Camp David accords- Jimmy Carter got a
peace treaty signed between Israel and Egypt
• President Bill Clinton was impeached over
lying under oath about Monica Lewinski.
• September 11, 2001 the war on terror started
with the bombing of world trade center.
• Sit in- non-violent protest started at North
Carolina A & T.
• SNCC- young people non violent protest
• Freedom Riders- organized by core to see if
buss stations were really desegregated.
• SSNCC leaders like Stokley Carmichael – came
up with black power- racial pride and use
violence if necessary to gain civil rights.