Health Promotion and Disease
Prevention
Roxanne Riedy, MSN
Marilee Elias, MSN
Health and Wellness Promotion
• Health
• Illness
• Wellness
Health Promotion
• What’s the motivation?
• R/T Individual lifestyle
• What are the choices?
Vs. Health Protection
• How does the motivation differ?
• R/T Individual lifestyle
• Why make the choice to change?
Health Promotion Models
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The Health-illness Continuum
Dunn’s Health Grid
Neuman’s Continuum
Pender’s Health Promotion
Wheel of Wellness
Transtheoretical Model of Change
Dimensions of Health Along
Health and Illness Continuum
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Biological factors
Nutrition
Physical activity
Sleep and rest
Meaningful work
Dimensions of Health Along
Health and Illness Continuum
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Lifestyle choices
Family relationships
Culture
Religion and spirituality
Environmental factors
Finances
The term “Health” refers to?
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Physical Status
Emotional Well-being
Interpersonal Relationships
Intellectual function
Spiritual condition
Sexuality
“Health” is influenced by?
• Patient’s Belief System
• Attitudes toward control of health
– We’ll revisit locus of control
• Cultural Influences
• Lifestyle behaviors
• And of course the influence of Family
Illness Perspectives
• Illness results from injury and/or
disease
• Inability to meet one’s needs
• Acute Illness vs.
• Chronic Illness vs.
• Acute/Chronic Combo?
Wellness Perspectives
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Continuum of Health
Optimal Health to
Maladaptive Health
What’s High-level Wellness?
Health Behaviors
• Variables of Influence
–Lifestyle
–Locus of Control
–Self-efficacy
–Beliefs & attitudes about Healthcare
–Self-concept
Variables Influencing Health Beliefs
and Practices
• Internal Factors
–Developmental stage
–Intellect
–Emotion
–Spiritual
–Physical
More Variables
• External Factors
–Family
–Socioeconomic
–Culture & Ethnicity
–Environmental
Biological Risk Factors
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Genetics
Gender
Age
Developmental Stage
Other Risk Factors
• Environmental
• Lifestyle
Other Dimensions of Health
Factors
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Nutrition
Physical Activity
Sleep and Rest
Meaningful Work
Vulnerable Populations
Health Promotion
• Activities to improve health &
well-being
• What are we aiming for?
–Patient Empowerment
–Good Decision Making
• Lifestyles & Activities
Health Promotion Programs
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Disseminating Information
Changing Lifestyles & Behaviors
Environmental Control
Wellness Assessments
Health Risk Appraisals
Remember nurses are A.T.A.T.T.
(All Teaching All the Time)
Health Promotion and
Vulnerable Populations
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Age
Chronic disease
History of abuse/trauma
Limited economic resources
Limited social resources
Health Protection Activities
• Prevent accidents
• Occupational Safety & Health
• Ensuring the Safety of Food &
Drugs
• Environmental Strategies
Disease Prevention Activities
• Continuum of Disease
–Prevent the Disease
–Limit the Course of the Disease
• Levels of Prevention
–Primary
–Secondary
–Tertiary
Health Promotion
• Motivated by the desire to increase wellbeing
• Related to individual lifestyle choices
• Healthy People 2020
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National initiative
Addresses the effect of lifestyle on health
Created health improvement goals
Eliminate health disparities
Healthy People Initiatives
• We’re in the 4th decade of this national
health framework for public health
preventions priorities and actions.
• The overarching goals and focus topic
areas are refocused every 10 years using
the input from public health and prevention
experts, government officials and the
public.
Healthy People 2020
• “The launch of Healthy People comes at a
critical time. Our challenge and
opportunity is to avoid preventable
diseases from occurring in the first place.”
HHS Secretary Katherine Sebelius
• Use of IT to make Healthy People come
alive through a “challenge” to develop
‘myHealthyPeople’ apps. (www.healthypeople.gov )
• Revision of Healthy People 2010
Healthy People 2020
• Updated with New Topic Areas
• Main (or broad) goals of this plan:
– increase healthy life expectancy
– reduce health care disparities
– create social and physical environments that
promote good health for all
– Promote quality of life, healthy development,
and healthy behaviors across all life stages
New Topic Areas 2020
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Adolescent Health
Genomics
Blood Disorders & Blood Safety
Global Health
Early and Middle Childhood
Preparedness
Dementias, including Alzheimer’s Disease
Healthcare-Associated Infections
Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health
Sleep Health
Social Determinants of Health
What’s in Healthy People 2020?
(www.healthypeople.gov)
Next Class…
• Teaching Project Presentations
• Holistic View of Health
Holistic View of Health
• Holism focus is relationships between all
living things
• The individual as a holistic being
– Each person is unique
– Basic human needs are integrated
– Mind, body and spirit
– Health is balance, integration and harmony in
life
Holistic View of Health
• Basic human needs:
–Physiological
–Psychological
–Sociocultural
–Intellectual
–Spiritual
Physiological Dimension
• Focus is achievement of basic needs:
– Oxygenation
– Circulation
– Sleep & comfort
– Nutrition
– ELimination
Psychological Dimension
• Focus is achievement of:
– Positive self-esteem and security
– Trusting relationships
– Appropriate social skills
– Coping skills
Sociocultural Dimension
• Focus is achievement of:
– Client needs
• Both dependence and independence
– Client Empowerment
• Enabling the client to do for themselves
Intellectual Dimension
• Focus is achievement of Cognitive
Functions:
– Judgment
– Orientation
– Memory
– Ability to process information
– Factors that impair cognitive functions
Spiritual Dimension
• Spirituality is each individual’s
relationship with:
– Self
– Others
– Higher Power
– Assists each person in determining their
sense of meaning or purpose in life
Health Screening Activities
• Secondary Level of Prevention
• Lifespan considerations
– Screenings throughout the Lifespan
• Cultural Considerations
Nursing Assessments for
Health Promotion
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Health History/physical exam
Physical Fitness
Lifestyle and risk appraisal
Life-stress review
Nutritional Assessment
Other health screenings
Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion
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Role Model
Counselor
Health Education
Motivation
Provide Support for lifestyle changes