1. Emergency Procedures & Alarms
1. Fire
2. Tornado
3. Earthquake
4. Violent Incident
5. Shelter in Place
2. Smoking Policy
3. Restroom Location
4. Scheduled Breaks

Behavioral Safety
 Behavior Based Safety (BBS) focuses on what people do, analyzes why they do it, and then applies a strategy to improve what people do.
 To be successful a BBS program must include all employees and requires buyin and support by everyone.

Behavioral Safety
 How BBS works:
 A site observation is conducted – looking for safe behaviors and at-risk behaviors.
 Feedback is given:
 Positive feedback first
 At-risk behaviors last

Behavioral Safety
 With at-risk behaviors, we must ask
“Why” the employee is putting themselves at risk.
 Explain the associated negative impact the at-risk behavior may have.

Behavioral Safety
 Behaviors are discussed until the observer and worker agree on suggested recommendations to work more safely.

Behavioral Safety
 It is important to understand:
 Terminology of the work environment.
 How to recognize hazards.
 Mindset of the employee.
 How to reach the goal of a safe work environment.

Behavioral Safety
 Effective Feedback:
 Must be sincere.
 Focus on actions that can be observed (not attitudes).
 Focus on correct actions as well as what can be done better.

Behavioral Safety
 Receiving Feedback:
 Listen with an open mind.
 Separate what the person says from what you think about that person.
 Never overreact.
 Ask open, non-defensive questions.
 Focus on areas to improve.
 What is right should outweigh what is wrong.

Behavioral Safety
 Hazard Recognition:
 Recognize the hazards in your work area.
 A hazard is any source of energy that has a potential to cause harm.
 If we can find the energy, we can eliminate or lessen the hazard.

Behavioral Safety
 How do we identify hazards?
 Use your knowledge and experience.
 Use your senses – sight, sound, touch, smell, feel.
 Use your job planning skills.

Behavioral Safety
 Types of Energy Sources:
 Motion
 Chemical
 Radiation
 Electrical
 Gravity
 Heat/Cold
 Biological
 Pressure

Behavioral Safety
 In a culture of safety, everyone takes personal responsibility for their own safety as well as those around them .

Behavioral Safety
 Once the energy source is identified, the hazard must be evaluated.
 Can the job be done safely?
 How can I make the job safer?
 If something unforeseen happens, will I stop work?
 Am I in the right state of mind to work safely?

Behavioral Safety
 Talking about safety is the key to success.
 Everyone is obligated to speak up when they see someone performing an at-risk behavior.
 A culture of safety creates a level of trust that encourages people to speak up.

Intervention
Stop Work Authority (SWA)
• Assessing hazards correctly depends on each employee taking responsibility for their safety and that of their coworkers.
• It is through this process that you can determine if work must be stopped.

Intervention
 Employees have the RIGHT and
AUTHORITY to stop work without repercussions.
 Do it safely or not at all.
 There is always time do to it right.

Intervention
Always:
• Operate in a safe and controlled condition.
• Ensure safety devices are in place and functioning.
• Follow safe work practices and procedures.
• Meet or exceed customer requirements.

Intervention
Always:
• Maintain integrity of dedicated systems.
• Comply with all applicable rules and regulations.
• Address abnormal conditions.
• Follow written procedures.
• Involve the right people in decisions that affect procedures and equipment.

Intervention
How Intervention Works:
• Identify the perceived unsafe condition(s).

Intervention
Coordinate the “Stop Work Action”
• Start with the supervisor.
• If the supervisor is not available and affected persons are in immediate risk, initiate the “Stop Work” intervention.
• Notify all affected persons of the stop work issue.

Intervention
• All parties shall discuss and gain agreement on the stop work issue.
• If the work is determined to be safe, proceed with the work.
• If the stop work issue is valid, resolve the unsafe actions and proceed with work.
• If the stop work issue cannot be resolved immediately, suspend work until a resolution is achieved.

Intervention
• Under no circumstances should retribution be directed at any person(s) who exercise in good faith their stop work authority.
• All stop work interventions and associated detail shall be documented and reported.

Incident Reporting
 Incident reporting is more than just notifying your company that an incident has occurred. It is a way for the company to look at what happened, investigate all the contributing factors and determine if work can be made safer for you and your co-workers.

Incident Reporting
Types of incidents to report:
 Unsafe acts
 Unsafe conditions
 Any incident or injury – regardless of severity
 Near hits

Incident Reporting
How to report an incident:
• Notify your Supervisor immediately that something has happened.
• Fill out a written report.

Incident Reporting
There are two categories of incidents:
• Non-Recordable: incidents that are kept on the company register but not reportable to the Occupational Safety &
Health Administration (OSHA).
• Recordable: incidents that are required by OSHA to be reported on an annual basis.

Incident Reporting
Non-Recordable Injuries
• For Record Only (FRO): an injury has occurred but no medical treatment is required.
• First Aid By Professional (FABP): an injury has occurred and you wish to see a doctor.
• Medical treatment is limited
• No prescriptions are given
• Return to work with no restrictions

Incident Reporting
Recordable Injuries
 Medical Only (MO): an injury has occurred that requires medical treatment.
 Treatment is more that FABP
 Prescriptions may be given
 Return to work with no restrictions
 Light Duty (LD): The employee receives medical attention.
 Return to work with restrictions

Incident Reporting
• Lost Time (LT): an employee is injured and unable to work for a period of time.
• Fatality (FA): loss of life.

Incident Reporting
Incident Investigations:
• Are conducted to determine who/what is at fault.
• Look at all contributing factors such as people, equipment, materials or the work environment.
• Help to reduce future incidents.

Substance Abuse Awareness
• There are approximately 12.1 million people in America that perform a safety sensitive job in transportation.
• These jobs are regulated by the
Department of Transportation (DOT) drug and alcohol regulations.
• Your employer may have a policy to prevent substance abuse along with many other agencies that govern prevention.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Workplace Impact
• Nearly ¾ of those who use illegal drugs also work, and alcohol remains the leading drug abused with one in every ten people in the U.S. having a problem.
• People don’t check their substance abuse problems at the door when they come to work.
• Abuse has no boundaries: field workers to upper management positions can be affected.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Facts
• 12% of the workforce reports heavy drinking.
• 14% of employees abuse drugs on the job.
• 60% of drug users will sell drugs to co-workers.
• 40% of users will steal from the company.
• 8 times more likely to have attendance problems.
• 5 times more likely to file workers comp. claims
• 5 times more likely to have an accident.
• 3.5 times more likely to injure others at work.
• 300% higher medical costs and benefit usage.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Employee Health
• Substance abusers tend to neglect their nutrition, sleep and other health needs.
• Substance abuse depresses the immune system which can lead to more frequent illness.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Safety
• Safety is affected with the use of alcohol and drugs.
• Impairments affect:
• Vision
• Hearing
• Attention span
• Muscle coordination
• Alertness
• Mental acuity

Substance Abuse Awareness
Productivity
• Employees who abuse alcohol or use drugs can be physically and mentally impaired on the job.
• Substance abuse interferes with job satisfaction and the motivation to do a good job.
• Reduced output
• Increased errors
• Lower quality
• Low customer satisfaction

Substance Abuse Awareness
Decision Making
• Employees who use alcohol and/or drugs often make poor decision and have a distorted perception of their abilities.
• Reduced innovation, creativity, competitiveness and poor daily/strategic decisions.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Morale
• The presence of an employee with drug and/or alcohol problems places a strain on relationships between co-workers.
• Higher turnover
• Diminished quality
• Reduced team effort

Substance Abuse Awareness
Security
• Employees with drug and/or alcohol problems often have financial difficulties, and employees using illegal drugs may conduct illegal activities in the workplace.
• Theft
• Law enforcement involved

Substance Abuse Awareness
Image and Community Relations
• Accidents, lawsuits, and other incidents may receive media attention.
• Reduced trust and confidence
• Reduced ability to attract high quality employees
• Decreased business/financial wellbeing

Substance Abuse Awareness
Understanding Addiction
• Employees with addiction problems are often unhappy with their lives, but fail to realize their abuse is a major contributing factor.
• The struggle with addiction is characterized by repeated failures to control use and a need for greater amounts of the substance to achieve the desired effect.
• Not everyone who uses alcohol or experiments with illegal drugs becomes addicted.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Understanding Addiction
• It is very difficult to recognize the differences between use, abuse and addiction unless you are a trained professional.
• If you suspect use, abuse or addiction do not try to treat the employee yourself, get help.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Use
• Use is typically socially accepted or medically authorized.
• Examples include having a drink with friends or taking a prescribed anti-anxiety medication.
• Use can be experimental, social/recreational or a stress reliever.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Abuse
• The use of a substance that is illegal or harmful to oneself or others is considered problematic.
• Examples include blackouts, accidents or injuries, legal problems, poor job performance, and family or health problems.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Addiction
• A number of individuals use or abuse without becoming addicted, but for many the abuse continues despite attempts to stop.
• The repeated, compulsive seeking or use of a substance despite adverse social, psychological and/or physical consequences characterizes addiction.
• A wide range of substance, both legal and illegal, can be abused addictively.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Addiction
• Addiction to alcohol and other drugs is:
• Chronic: Once you develop the addiction, you will always have to deal with/manage it.
• Progressive: Addiction gets worse over time. A biochemical change in the nervous system can persist even after the substance leaves the blood.
• Primary: Addiction is not just a symptom of an underlying problem. The addiction itself needs to be medically treated as the primary illness.
• Terminal: Addiction leads to disease and possibly death.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Denial
• One of the most disturbing and confusing aspects of addiction is that it is characterized by denial.
• The user often seems to be the last to know that his/her life is out of control.
• There are effective strategies used by professionals to help break through this denial.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Signs and Symptoms
• Signs that someone is developing a problem with alcohol and/or drugs cover a wide range and many of them are apparent on the job.
• No one wants to believe that a friend, coworker or family member has an abuse problem.
• Subtle changes in behavior are discounted, changes.
• Changes in friends, lack of interest in old hobbies are minimized.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Signs and Symptoms
• Emotional:
• Aggression
• Burnout
• Depression
• Paranoia
• Denial
• Anxiety
• Behavioral:
• Slow reactions
• Impaired coordination
• Slow/slurred speech
• Irritability
• Excessive talking
• Can’t sit still
• Poor attention span
• Lack of energy

Substance Abuse Awareness
Signs and Symptoms
• Physical:
• Weight loss
• Sweating
• Chills
• Smells of alcohol

Substance Abuse Awareness
Enabling
• Enabling is action that you take to protect the person with the problem from the consequences of his or her actions.
• Covering up with excuses or doing their work.
• Rationalizing the abuse.
• Withdrawing from the problem.
• Blaming yourself for the problem.
• Controlling the abuse by throwing away the supply.
• Threatening to stop covering up.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Covering Up
• Often the person with a problem will use
“traps” to protect themselves when being confronted.
• Sympathy
• Excuses
• Apologies
• Diversions
• Innocence
• Anger
• Pity
• Tears

Substance Abuse Awareness
Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
• The EAP can help employees decide what to do about their alcohol or drug problem.
• The EAP can also help decide if someone in your family or work group has a problem.
• Conversations with the EAP are protected and records are kept confidential.
• There are clear limits on when and what information the EAP can share and with whom.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Outside Help
• If your company does not have and EAP, you should still seek help.
• Alcoholics Anonymous
• Narcotics Anonymous
• County or State addiction agencies
• County or State mental health agencies

Substance Abuse Awareness
Drugs of Abuse
• It is important to realize that all drugs, including alcohol, chemically alter the mind and body.
• Drugs and alcohol can hinder judgment, distort perception, decrease reaction time and interfere with other skills necessary to do a job safely.
• We will review the signs and symptoms of :
• Alcohol
• Marijuana
• Cocaine
• Methamphetamine

Substance Abuse Awareness
Alcohol
• Alcohol is a depressant and is the leading drug of abuse.
• Alcohol slows down the central nervous system and brain function, reduces coordination and reflex actions.
• People who would not ordinarily behave in inappropriate ways can be persuaded to change their behavior.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Alcohol
• Signs and symptoms may include:
• Sweating
• Nausea/Vomiting •
• Lack of coordination
Slowed reaction time
• Tremors
• Delusions •
• Poor judgment
Reduced inhibitions
• Seizures • Death

Substance Abuse Awareness
Marijuana
• Marijuana is known for its intoxicating effects and dreamy state of relaxation and euphoria.
• All forms of marijuana have a negative physical and mental effect.
• Motivation and cognition may be altered, making the acquisition of new information difficult.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Marijuana
• Signs and symptoms may include:
• Increased heart rate
• Increased appetite
• Altered smell, hearing, time, sight
•
• Bloodshot eyes
Dry mouth/throat
• Lack of coordination
• Paranoia
• Chronic sore throat
• Psychosis

Substance Abuse Awareness
Cocaine
• The most widely used stimulant.
• Powerfully addictive drug leading to physical and psychological dependence.
• Stimulates the central nervous system.
• Using contaminated equipment to inject cocaine or other drug can transmit HIV, hepatitis and other diseases.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Cocaine
• Signs and symptoms may include:
• Dilated pupils
• Increased pulse •
• Mood swings
Depression
•
•
• Insomnia
• Paranoia
Seizures
Anxiety
• Hallucinations
• Elevated blood pressure
• Loss of appetite
• Agitation

Substance Abuse Awareness
Methamphetamine (Meth)
• Meth is a highly addictive stimulant which has long lasting effects that can cause user to stay awake for days during binges.
• Meth is white or yellowish, odorless, and bitter tasting powder that dissolves in water.
• Other names for meth: crystal, ice, yabba, glass, yellow bar, speed, trash, crack.

Substance Abuse Awareness
Methamphetamine (Meth)
• Meth is typically ingested orally, injected intravenously, smoked or snorted.
• Meth can start to affect he body within 3-5 minutes and can last up to 12 hours.
• Chronic meth users also often display poor hygiene, pale, unhealthy complexion and sores on their bodies from picking at “crank bugs”.

Substance Abuse Awareness
• Drug and alcohol use, abuse and addiction can affect more than just the user.
• It is important that if you or someone you know needs help don’t wait. Get help immediately.
• The decisions you make about drug and alcohol use can affect you, your family and your co-worker.

Prevention of Workplace Violence
• All employees should expect and receive a secure workplace with a mutual respect toward all co-workers and personnel.
• It is impossible to plan for every event that may unfold on the worksite.
• All employees must prepare themselves with basic emergency planning, response and evaluation skills to handle unforeseen events.

Prevention of Workplace Violence
• Workplace Violence: any behavior, act or statement that would be interpreted by a reasonable person to be aggressive, intimidating, harassing, or unsafe, and that carries an expressed or implied intent to cause harm to a person or property.

Prevention of Workplace Violence
Zero Tolerance
• No responsible company will ignore, condone, or tolerate disruptive, threatening, or violent behavior by any employee while at the workplace.

Prevention of Workplace Violence
• Most people will not become violent without warning.
• An escalating series of clues usually precedes an act of workplace violence.
• The risk of an outburst is greatly increased when a combination of warning signs are ignored.

Prevention of Workplace Violence
Warning Signs:
• Boundary crossing
• Chemical dependence
• Concentration problems
• Depression
• Inconsistent work patterns
• Obsessive interest in weapons
• Pathological ‘blamer’
• Romantic obsession
• Safety issues
• Paranoia

Prevention of Workplace Violence
• Employees become aware of a violent act by the sounds of an explosion, gunfire, scuffling or by observation of events.
• Employees are responsible for taking any threat or violent act seriously.

Prevention of Workplace Violence
• Report any acts of violence or threats of violence to your supervisor, or if necessary, the appropriate authorities.

Prevention of Workplace Violence
If a violent situation arises:
• Stay calm
• Speak slowly and softly to reduce the momentum of the situation.
• Move away from any objects that may be used to harm you.
• Position yourself, if possible, so that an exit route is readily accessible.

Prevention of Workplace Violence
• Explosion – Leave the area immediately.
• Gunfire – Take refuge in a secured area with limited visibility to anyone on the outside.
• Physical Threat – Leave the area immediately.
• Hostage Situation – Leave the area; take no chances to endanger the life of the hostage.

Prevention of Workplace Violence
• In an emergency situation, it is important to always remain calm and call for help.