Managing Athlete Performance:
The Science of Monitoring
Coaches Conference, UWC Cape Town, 2012
Wayne Lombard
BSpSc (Hons) Biokinetics , CSCS (NSCA)
Presently Studying MPhil Biokinetics (UCT ESSM)
Discovery High Performance Centre, Sports Science Institute of South Africa
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A Paradigm Shift
Moving away from using sports science
as a “one-stop-shop” Is a key into the
marriage between coaches and
scientists…. By recognizing that it is now
a 24 hour 365 day a year job!
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Why is Monitoring becoming so
important?
It is a method of assessing the imbalances
between training stressors and recovery
Compensation
Training
Overtraining vs.
Overreaching
Overtraining
is a physical, behavioral, and
emotional condition that occurs
when the volume and intensity
of an individual's exercise
exceeds their recovery capacity
OR
Untreated or Long term
overreaching
Overreaching
An accumulation of training
and/or non-training stress
resulting in a short-term
decrement in performance
capacity with or without related
physiological and psychological
signs and symptoms of
overtraining BUT a recovery
phase allows for supercompensation to occur
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Overtraining
The summative effect of all the stressors will
depend on the intensity, nature, duration and
distribution over time of the stress
This definition allows one to recognize that there
are different types of stress e.g. social, psychological
and physiological.
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How do we detect Overtraining?
Science has as yet not set up a sensitive
gauge of overtraining that is non invasive,
inexpensive and applicable to all athletes.
Scientists tell us therefore to monitor
indicators of fatigue.
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Selected Indicators:
FOUR CATEGORIES
Psychological / Physiological / Biomechanical / Immunological
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Change in mood states
lethargy
Insomnia
Loss of appetite
Impaired physical performance
Gradual weight loss
Poor co-ordination
Increase in morning HR >5 beats
Slower recovery in HR after exertion
Heavy legs, limited recovery
Inc/dec concentration of specific blood molecules
Alterations in immune function
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Athlete Management
Periodisation
is a plan
for conditioning,
The long
and short
term
based onmanagement
the manipulation
of VOLUME
and
of our athletes
is
theofkey
to performance.
INTENSITY
physical
work and other
variables, over a specific period of time.
How
we ensure that
The
goaldo
of periodisation
is towe
planhave
in
advance
to achieve
peak performance
positive
adaptations
to yourat a
specific time without overtraining or injury
training prescription?
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Periodization helps an Athlete
adapt to training demands.
Adaptation level
Training Adaptation
Failure
To low a load or
stress on body
Alarm
Stage
Over Training / load
Sub-optimal:
• Diet
• Recovery
management
Periodization is Key!
Location
January
A
B
C
D
RW
M
February
1
2
3
March
4
6 13 20
5
6
27 27
7
5
8
Off Season
(5 Months)
SSISA
Training Phase
Macrocycle
very high
Mesocycle
High
Microcycle
Medium
Strength
meduim Low
Endurance
Reocvery Week
Speed - Endurance
Maintanance
Recovery
Nutritional
Peaking Index
Testing Dates
Medical Control Dates
Psychology Sessions
100% 1
90%
2
80%
3
70%
4
60%
5
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
April
9
10 11 12
12 19 26 2
c c
Monthly follow ups with
Karlien Smit
May
13
14
9 16 23
15 16
Wayne Lombard
June
17
18
1 7 14 21
19 20
21
July
22
28 4 11 18
23
25
SN
24
2
Pre Season
(2 Months)SSISA
DN
none
Periodization
Key & Priority Level
Wayne Lombard
None
25
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Technical Prep
Tactical Prep Psychol Prep
Brian Button (Swim
Specific)
Brian Button
(Swim Specific)
August
September
October
I suggest a biweekly
appointment with
Clinton
November
Other
Monthly check in
with Wayne Derman
Weekly check in
with Ricardo Siljeur
December
Notes: the following is the periodzation schedule I have set up
16 23 30 6 13 20 27 3 for Achmat up until London. It is my suggestion is that Achmat
have 9 Psychology session with Clinton over this period as
none
indicated. My training has been scheduled as a 3 week on one
olympics
Para week off cyclic phases as I believ this is what Achmat responds
top best. Achmat should also consider doing monthly follow
ups with Karlien and Prof Derman. I will give recomendations
on visist to see Rashard when we believe it is needed.
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27
28 29
30
31
32
In Season
( 4 Months)
m c c c
Active Rest
(1 Month)
c c c c m c c
Cycle 2 (1 Meso
Cycle 3long
Meso
Macro Meso
Cycle
year
) Cycle 4
Meso Cycle 1
1
1
2
3
4
5
C B
B
RW
A A
A
RW
D C
C
RW
A A
C D
C C
RW
6
2
7
3
8
RW
RW
RW
RW
A
low
Olympic year
4
A
1 Meso
2 3Cycle41 5
9
10
11 12
C
C
C
M
A
High
13
14
15 16
17
RW C B
B
RW A A
A
RW D C
C
RW
A
18
19 20
5
21
23
24
25
RW
B B
C C
A A
7
26
27
28 29
30
8
31
32 33
C
RW
RW
RW Mainaenan C
RW
RW
RW ce Strategy C
for Para M
RW
RW
RW
A
A
A
A
low
High
continuouse assesments with brain and wayne
RW
A A A
CD D
CC A
6
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Micro cycles
Meso
6 Cycle72
Training load
and intensity
34 35
RW
1
8Meso
9 Cycle
10 3
1
De-training
Calender
of
Competitions
Months
Microcycle
Monday
Domestic
International
Wayne Lombard
Durban
Dates
Recovery
London
Dry Land (Wayne
Lombard) in
Water (Brian
Button)
Achmat Hassiem
Training Objectives
Nutrition
Physical Prep
Testing
London
Performance
Durban
Athlete Name
low
Meso12
Cycle 4
Training Intensity
Training Load
1
1
2
3
4
How have we put it all
together?
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AMAS
Athlete Monitoring & Assessment System
“Brining Science to life”
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Integration of
subjective data
compared to
objective
physiological
responses to
exercise & recovery
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Subjective Data
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Subjective Data Capturing
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Subjective Data Capturing
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Objective Data:
Physiological Responses
Heart rate monitoring
•Use of HR zones (accumulated time spent in each heart rate zone)
•TRIMP
•% Heart rate reserve
•Orthostatic
•Morning HR
•Recovery heart rates
•Heart rate variability
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Objective Data:
Physiological Responses
Heart rate recovery
“Heart rate recovery is the rate at which heart rate
decreases, usually in the first minute or two, after
moderate to heavy exercise and is a consequence of
parasympathetic re activation and sympathetic
withdrawal”
(Borreson and Lambert 2007)
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Objective Data:
Physiological Responses
Heart Rate Interval
Monitoring System
HIMS
The HIMS is a system which
quantifies training volume,
intensity and subjective
feelings of fatigue in relation to
Heart rate recovery levels
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Objective Data:
Physiological Responses
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Practical Example
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Monitoring is to elite sport what accounting is to business –
constant, accurate and ongoing measurement so that
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decision-making and training programmes can be optimised.
Thank You
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