Test Review
According to Freud, the part of the psyche
that stops a person from stealing is the
a. Collective unconscious
b. Id
c. Superego
d. ego
Answer: C
Superego
Gary feels that his younger son George is
unattractive and not very smart. He
accuses his wife of picking on George
and favoring their other son. What
defense is being used?
What is projection?
Freud saw this part of the unconscious as
operating in terms of the reality
principle.
What is the ego?
According to Freud, basic sexual and
aggressive drives reside in the
a. Id
b. Collective unconscious
c. Superego
d. ego
Answer
a) Id
Which psychologist suggested that traits
are inherited?
Who is Gordon Allport?
Which of the following is a “Robust Five”
personality factor?
a. Warm and cheerful
b. Shy and emotional
c. Sluggish and cool
d. Agreeableness-disagreeableness
Answer
d) agreeableness-disagreeableness
Which psychologist introduced the term
inferiority complex ?
Who is Alfred Adler?
What is Carl Jung’s term for the part of the
psyche similar to Freud’s “unconscious”?
What is the personal unconscious?
Sixteen year old Tom had started using
drugs, and the changes in his behavior
made it pretty obvious, but Tom’s parents
didn’t believe the school principal when
she called to talk to them about the
problem. What defense mechanism is
being used?
Denial.
Which psychologist believed that social
relationships are the greatest influence
on personality?
a. Karen Horney
b. Carl Jung
c. Alfred Adler
d. Sigmund Freud
Answer
a) Karen Horney
Images such as supreme being and fairy
godmothers are examples of?
What are archetypes?
He introduced a personality theory that is
based on body typology.
Who is William Sheldon?
True or False?
Repression protects you from disturbing
memories, forbidden desires, painful
feelings by burying such material in the
unconscious.
True!
Trixie was homesick and anxious when she
moved into the dormitory and started her
first year in college. She began to sleep
with her old teddy bear again because it
made her feel better. What defense
mechanism is being used?
What is Regression?
True or False?
Freud often used hypnosis as a method of
exploring the unconscious, until many
people denied the things they said when
they were in a hypnotic state.
True
This “type” can be described as people
who are thoughtful, passive and quiet.
What are Introverts?
He developed the 16 PF scale based on 16
source traits.
Who is Raymond Cattell?
Mark behaves like a stereotypical “heman,” but he is actually anxious and
insecure about his gender identity. What
defense mechanism is being used?
What is Reaction Formation?
Your image of who you are and what you
value.
What is “self”?
Humanist who believed that many people
suffer from a conflict between what they
value in themselves and what they
believe other people value in them.
Who is Carl Rogers?
The conditions a person must meet in
order to regard himself or herself
positively.
What are conditions of worth?
A school of psychology that emphasizes
personal growth and the achievement of
maximum potential by each unique
individual.
Humanistic Psychology
The term for realizing one’s unique
potential.
What is self-actualization?
Bandura called this our view of our ability
to succeed.
What is self efficacy?
The occurrence of rewards or punishments
following particular behaviors.
What are contingencies of reinforcement?
In this book, Skinner described an Utopian
society.
What is Walden Two?
His work in personality development
focused on the importance of learning by
observation.
Who is Albert Bandura?
Belief that the proper subject matter of
psychology is objectively observable
behavior---and nothing else.
What is behaviorism?
Certain specific means by which the ego
unconsciously protects itself against
unpleasant impulses or circumstances.
What are Defense Mechanisms?
The consistent, enduring, and unique
characteristics of a person.
What is personality?
An outgoing, active person who directs his
or her energies and interests toward
other people and things.
What is an Extravert?
A stable characteristic that can be
observed in certain situations. Cattell
found 46 of these.
What are surface traits?
A characteristic or feature that is so
pervasive the person is almost identified
with it. (E.g. Mr. Scrooge is stingy and
cold-hearted).
What is a cardinal trait?
A tendency to react to a situation in a way
that remain stable over time.
An individual whose person and self
coincide.
What is “Fully Functioning”?
This school of psychology claims our
analysis of our own perceptions,
thoughts, and feelings shape our
personalities.
What is Cognitive Psychology?
unaware
unconscious
True or False?
Freud believed that all life moves toward
death and that the desire for a final end
shows up in human personality as
destructiveness and aggression.
True
Tests that provide subjects with ambiguous
stimuli for interpretation are
called______tests.
Projective
The most widely used projective test is the
_________, in which subjects are shown a
series of ________.
Rorschach; inkblots
Sarah has a relatively low level of brain
arousal. Eysenck would probably predict
that she is
a. An extravert
b. An introvert
c. An unstable person
d. Both a and c
A; an extravert
A psychologist at the campus mental
health center administered an
empirically derived personality test to
diagnose an emotionally troubled
student. Which test did the psychologist
most likely administer?
a. The MMPI
b. The TAT
c. The Rorschach
d. The Wechsler
The MMPI
In high school Britta and Debbie were best friends.
They thought they were a lot alike, as did everyone
else who knew them. After high schools they went on
to very different colleges, careers, and life courses.
Now, at their 25th reunion, they are shocked at how
little they have in common. Bandura would suggest
that they differences reflect the interactive efforts of
environment, personality, and behavior, which he
refers to as:
a. Reciprocal determinism
b. Personal control
c.
Identification
d. The self-serving bias
A; reciprocal determinism
Wanda wishes to instill in her children an
accepting attitude toward other people.
Maslow and Rogers would probably
recommend that she:
a. Teach her children first to accept
themselves
b. Use discipline sparingly
c. Be affectionate with her children only
when they behave as she wishes
d. Do all of the above
A; teach her children first to accept
themselves
Andrew’s grandfather, who has lived a rich
ad productive life, is a spontaneous,
loving, and self-accepting person.
Maslow might say that the grandfather
a. Has an internal locus of control
b. Is an extravert
c. Has resolved all the conflicts of the
psychosexual stages
d. Is a self-actualizing person
 D; self
actualized person
 The
school psychologist believes that
having a positive self-concept is
necessary before students can achieve
their potential. Evidently, the school
psychologist is working within the
___perspective.
a. Psychoanalytic
b. Trait
c. Humanistic
d. Social-cognitive
 C;
Humanistic
Id is to ego as ______is to ______.
a. Reality principle; pleasure principle
b. Pleasure principle; reality principle
c. Conscious forces; unconscious forces
d. Conscience; “personality executive”
B; In Freud’s theory the id operates
according to the pleasure principle; the
ego operates according to the reality
principle
According to William Sheldon, this “type”
is laid-back, loving and social.
a. Endomorph
b. Ectomorph
c. Mesomorph
d. Hectomorph
According to Sheldon, Endomorphs are
laid-back, loving and social types.
 True
or False?
Mesomorphs typically show aggressive,
competitive behavior.
 True
It means “unaware”.
 What
is unconscious?
An aspect of personality that is considered
to be reasonably stable over time.
What is a trait?
Storehouse of instincts, urges, and
memories of the entire human species
throughout history.
What is the collective unconscious?