• Leader Centered
• Competencies stressed
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership Theory and
Practice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications,
Inc. (e.g. 6th ed.)

• Technical
• Human
• Conceptual
Management level dependent.
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks:
SAGE Publications, Inc. (e.g. 6th ed.)

Leaders aren’t born they are made.
And they are made just like anything else, through hard work. And that’s the price we’ll have to pay to achieve that goal, or any goal.

Individual
Attributes
Competencies
Leadership
Outcomes
General Cognitive
Ability
Crystalized
Cognitive Ability
Motivation
Personality
Problem-Solving
Skills
Social Judgment
Skills
Knowledge
Effective
Problem Solving
Performance
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE
Publications, Inc. (e.g. 6th ed.)

• Learned skills are emphasized
• Available to all
• Maps how successful leadership can be achieved
• Provides a framework for leadership education
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE
Publications, Inc. (e.g. 6th ed.)

• Reaches into personality traits
– Conflict management
– Critical thinking
• Inconsistent in predicative value
• Too similar to trait approach
• Based on military data only
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE
Publications, Inc. (e.g. 6th ed.)