Publisher
The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Tinley Park, Illinois
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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Chapter 15
Doors and
Windows
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Introduction
• Doors and windows perform several
functions.
– They shield an opening from the elements.
– Add decoration and expand visibility.
– Emphasize the overall design.
– Provide light and ventilation.
• Planning is necessary to provide
maximum design and function.
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Interior and Exterior Doors
• Several door classification systems are
used to identify types of doors.
– Two broad classes are interior and exterior
doors.
– Doors also may be grouped according to
method of construction, uses, function, or
location.
• Doors are typically 6'-8" high and
available in various widths.
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Interior Doors
• Common types of interior doors include:
– Flush, panel, bi-fold, sliding, pocket, doubleaction, accordion, Dutch, and French.
• Interior doors should be at least 32" wide
for wheelchair passage.
• Lever or pull-handles may be easier for a
handicapped person.
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Interior Doors
• Flush Doors
– Smooth on both sides.
– Generally 1-3/8" thick.
– Hollow-core doors with wood frame.
– Available in widths of 2'-0" to 3'-0" in
increments of 2".
– Surfaces usually covered with 1/8"
Masonite or plywood of mahogany or birch.
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Interior Doors
• Flush door and symbol.
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Interior Doors
• Panel Doors
– Frame and panel construction.
– Vertical frame members are called stiles.
– Horizontal frame members are called rails.
– Panels are thinner than frame and fill the
space between stiles and rails.
– Panels may be wood, glass, metal, etc.
– Frame may be made from white pine,
plastic, or other woods.
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Interior Doors
• Left—Typical panel door.
• Right—Panel door with plan view symbol.
(Morgan Products Ltd.)
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(continued)
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Interior Doors
• Bi-Fold Doors
– Two-part door, hinged in the center.
– Supported with conventional hinges or secured
to the head jamb and floor with a pivot hinge.
– May be flush, paneled, or louvered.
– Popular as closet doors.
– Installed as pairs (panels 1'-0" to 2'-0" wide).
– Heights of 6'-8" and 8'-0" available.
– Wood or plastic 1-1/8" thick and metal 1" thick.
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Interior Doors
• Left—Bi-fold door with panels.
• Right—Bi-fold door with plan view symbol.
(Morgan Products Ltd.)
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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(continued)
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Exterior Doors
• Residential exterior and interior doors
are similar in many ways, but have
decided differences.
• Exterior doors are generally solid core
and thicker than interior doors.
• Exterior doors may have one or more
glass panels to provide visibility.
• Exterior door styles include flush, panel,
and swinging or sliding glass doors.
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Exterior Doors
• These are standard plan view symbols
of common exterior doors. (continued)
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Exterior Doors
• Flush Doors
– One of the most popular exterior doors.
– Wood flush doors are generally 1-3/4" thick
and 3'-0" wide; other widths are available.
– Doors are made from birch, mahogany,
oak, or metal.
– Moldings or other decorative millwork may
be added to enhance the appearance.
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Exterior Doors
• This exterior flush door has decorative
molding and a large, leaded-glass light.
(Peachtree Doors, Inc.)
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(continued)
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Exterior Doors
• Panel Doors
– Exterior panel doors are available in a
great variety of styles.
– They are constructed from white pine, oak,
fir, various other woods, metal, and
plastics.
– Produced in the same sizes as flush doors.
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Exterior Doors
• A traditional exterior panel door.
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Exterior Doors
• Sliding glass
door sizes.
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Specifying Doors
• Each door used in a residential plan
should appear in a door schedule.
– The specifications for each door will
appear in the door schedule.
– Use manufacturers’ literature for
specifications.
• Place the door schedule on the sheet
with the floor plan or elevations.
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Specifying Doors
• Typical door schedule.
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Door Details
• Most interior and exterior doors are
placed in a door jamb.
• The door jamb fits inside the rough
opening.
• Jambs may be wood or metal.
• A jamb consists of two side jambs and a
head jamb.
• Exterior jambs are usually 1-1/8" thick
and interior jambs are 3/4" thick.
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Door Jamb
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Windows
• Windows
– Admit light from outside.
– Provide fresh air and ventilation.
– Help create an atmosphere inside.
– Add detail, balance, and design to the
exterior of the house.
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Window Types
• Many types of windows are available.
• Most types have unique proportions.
• Windows are made from wood, metal,
or plastic.
• Construction differs by manufacturer.
• It is important to obtain window
specifications from the manufacturer.
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(continued)
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Window Types
• Typical windows.
(Caradco)
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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(continued)
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Window
Types
• Typical windows.
(continued)
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Window Types
• There are three basic types of windows
used in residential construction.
– Sliding.
– Swinging.
– Fixed.
• Combination windows combine two or
more types.
• Skylights and clerestory windows are
location specific. 27
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Sliding Windows
• Double-hung and horizontal sliding are
the two types of sliding windows generally
used in residential construction.
• Double-hung windows have two major
assemblies called sashes.
– Each sash may be opened.
– Muntins divide the glass area of a window
into smaller units.
– Mullions are placed between window units.
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Sliding Windows
• Four different sizes are usually given for
each window
– Basic unit size: Overall dimensions of the
window.
– Rough opening size: Dimensions of the
framed space in the wall.
– Sash opening: Outside dimensions of sash.
– Glass size: Inside dimensions of the sash.
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Double-Hung Window Details
• Unit sizes.
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(continued)
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Horizontal Sliding Window Details
• Unit sizes.
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Swinging Windows
• There are four common types of
swinging windows:
– Casement, awning, hopper, and jalousie.
• A casement window may have several
sashes or a single sash.
– Sashes are hinged at the side and swing
outward.
– Sashes may be opened using a crank or
push bar.
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Casement Windows
(Marvin Windows)
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Casement Windows
• Unit sizes.
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Casement Windows
• A dashed line may be used in the
elevation to indicate the hinge position.
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Awning Windows
• Each sash in an awning
window is hinged at the
top.
• May have one or more
sashes.
• Usually crank operated.
(Caradco)
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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(continued)
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Awning Windows
• Unit sizes.
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(continued)
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Hopper Windows
(Andersen Corporation)
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Hopper Windows
• A hopper window is usually hinged at
the bottom and swings inward.
• Opened by a lock-handle at the top of
the sash.
• Usually made as a single unit only.
• Popular for basements; directs air
upward.
• Inward swing is the major disadvantage.
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(continued)
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Hopper Windows
• Unit sizes.
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Fixed Windows
• Fixed windows provide a view and/or
admit light.
• They do not permit ventilation.
• Usually custom made.
• Do not open.
• Examples include picture windows,
circle top windows, and special shapes.
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Picture Windows
• Picture windows are fixed-glass units.
– They are usually rather large.
– Generally frame a view.
– Often the center unit of a group of regular
windows.
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(continued)
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Picture Windows
(Pella/Rolscreen Company)
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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Circle Top Windows
• Circle top windows are typically installed
above another window or installed as
single units.
• They are available as:
– Quarter circles.
– Half circles.
– Ellipses.
– Full circles.
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Circle Top Windows
• Left—Circle top window with casement window.
• Right—Circle top window with double-hung
windows.
(continued)
(Shouldice/Peachtree Doors, Inc.)
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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Circle Top Windows
• Unit sizes.
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(continued)
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Window Schedules
• A window schedule provides information
about each window in the house.
• Types of information include:
– Type of window and size.
– Identifying symbol and quantity.
– Rough opening size.
– Manufacturer’s identification number.
– See example of window schedule in text.
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