GTECH 361
Lecture 09
Features in the Geodatabase
Today’s Contents
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Creating simple features
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Editing coincident features
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Creating annotation features
Creating Simple Features
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Features class geometry
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Splitting features
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Splitting lines
Splitting polygons
Combining features
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Multi-part features
Merge
Union
Intersect
Auto-complete polygons
Feature Class Geometry
Multi-part Features
Splitting Lines
Splitting Polygons
Merge
Union
Intersect
Auto-complete Polygons
Editing Coincident Features
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Creating map topology
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Editing nodes and edges
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Preventing editing errors
Moving an edge or node
Reshaping an edge
Modifying an edge
Example: implementing a geodatabase
Editing Errors
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Creating topology to prevent editing
errors
Adjacency = Common Border
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The primary purpose of a topology is to
define spatial relationships between
features
Preserving Coincidence
Preserving Connectivity
Common Topology Elements
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Both edge and node are treated as single
elements
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Multiple copies of them stored in the
geodatabase are moved as if they were one
Storage of Shared Feature
Parts in the Geodatabase
Editing Nodes and Edges
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Moving an edge or node
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The edge is rubber-banded
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Modifying an edge
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Reshaping an edge
Creating Annotation Features
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What are annotation feature classes
What are annotation classes
Types of geodatabase annotations
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Standard
Feature-linked*
Dimensioning*
Geodatabase Annotation
Functionality
Arc View
Create and edit standard annotation.
View feature-linked and dimension
annotation
ArcEditor
ArcInfo
Create and edit standard, featurelinked, and dimension annotation.
Ability to create multiple annotation
classes for an annotation feature class
Annotation Feature Classes
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Are like other geodatabase feature
classes; they have
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Attributes that define how text is displayed
Spatial reference
Can be added as a layer to ArcMap
Can be created from labels, or are
Created in ArcCatalog from scratch
Annotation Feature Classes
Annotation Classes
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All annotation feature classes have at
least one annotation class
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Text symbology
Alignment
With ArcEditor or ArcInfo
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Multiple annotation classes within one
annotation feature class to
Specify different annotation display
properties for different types of features
Annotation Types
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Standard annotation
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Feature-linked annotation
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Dimension annotation
Standard Annotation
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Like labels with georeference
Feature-linked
Dimensioning
Summary of Today
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A geodatabase feature class can store point, multipoint, line, or
polygon features. Multipart features and features with true curves are
also supported
You can create new features by digitizing or by using ArcMap editing
tools such as Merge and Union. Features can also be created as the
output from geoprocessing operations, such as clip
When editing features, you can maintain their spatial relationships by
creating a map topology. Once you've created a map topology, you
can use ArcMap's topology editing tools to maintain coincidence
between parts of features within a single feature class or among
multiple feature classes
There are three types of geodatabase annotation: standard, featurelinked, and dimension annotation. All annotation feature classes contain
at least one annotation class
The GIS Process
D ecision R u les
N on -sp a tia l D a ta
T ra n sform a tion of S p a tia l D a ta
- E n h a n cem en t of In form a tion C on ten t
- C h a n g e in A m ou n t of S p a tia l D a ta
- V a lu e A d d ed
P roS p a tia l
O bject
s
d u cts
G IS
D a ta C ollection
A n d O rg a n iz a tion
S p a tia l D a ta G eog ra p h ic
H a n d lin g a n d A n a lysis &
M a n ip u la tion Q u a n tita tive
M od elin g
P red iction
and
P rojection
for
D ecision
M akin g
G eog ra p h ic T h eory
The GIS Process
1. Defining the problem/question and information products
2. Estimating costs and benefits (establishing initial
justification)
3. Inferring GIS functionality requirements and processes
4. Establishing quality control parameters and procedures
5. Establishing resource allocations and timetable
6. Carrying out GIS procedures
7. Evaluation
8. Report details regarding the management of project, data
sources, processes involved, outputs, outcomes, etc.
9. Archive digital information representing data and analysis
Typical GIS capabilities
Raster GIS
Local operations
Recoding
Overlaying layers
Operations on local
neighborhoods
Operations on extended
neighborhoods
Operations on zones
Vector GIS
Reclassify, dissolve,
merge
Topological analysis
Buffering
Measurements
Operations on surfaces
Network analysis
Data model-dependent classification
after
Goodchild
points:
techniques used to analyze an undifferentiated set of points, e.g.
point pattern analysis;
spatial objects with attributes:
techniques that analyze an attribute matrix, and reduce space to a
square matrix of spatial relationships between pairs of objects, e.g.
measures of adjacency or proximity;
networks of links and nodes:
a range of techniques for analyzing networks in transportation and
hydrology, based on attributes of network links and nodes;
spatial interaction models:
models of the interaction between pairs of objects, based on an
analysis of the characteristics of origin objects, destination objects,
and the spatial separation between them;
raster techniques:
methods of analysis based on the representation of continuous layers
as rasters of cells, and supported by the so-called raster GISs.
OGIS Reference Model
Solicited Categorization
of GIS Operations

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Visualize / Show
Encode
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Compare
(partial) Select
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Substitute
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Derive
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Correct
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Evaluate
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Find
Monitor
Create
Combine
Allocate
Determine
Aggregate/Summarize
Goals or "meta tasks"
as they are used by expert GIS users
INVENTORY
Locates, counts, or records items w/o having any implications concerning
desirability
RESOURCE
Desirable, useful, or limited phenomenon to be conserved or protected
RESTRICTION
Constraint that limits the availability, desirability, or location of a target or
resource
REFERENCE
Provides spatial control or anchor for locating features in other roles
PREDICTION
Attribute values correlated with the presence of target phenomena
THREAT
Phenomena that may injure, destroy, or have other negative effects
TARGET
Desired or valued phenomenon to be found or located
SOLUTION
Composite result of analysis, embodies the application of analysis criteria
Confirmed Image
Schemata
Spatial Relations:
coincide, overlaps, near/far, adjacent, separates/connects,
subdivided, contain, above/below (concerning the model
rather than real world phenomena)
Logical Relations:
part-of/consists-of, is-a, has-a, same/different
Procedural Relations:
causes/caused-by, stands-for, abstracted-to
Operations
to be
hidden
from the
user
A first
compilation
of user-oriented
GIS operations