Intro to the Early Industrial
Revolution 1793-1850
1. How do inventions and technology impact people’s
lives in positive, negative, and unexpected ways?
2. Why did major aspects of the Industrial Revolution
begin in the North, as opposed to the South?
3. How did life change from people living on a farm,
when most goods were grown by or made by
hand, to getting goods from a factory and living in
a city?
4. How did the Industrial Revolution both
strengthen and weaken the nation? What
conflicts arose as Industrial Revolution ‘gained
steam’?
Industrial Revolution
• Industrial –
• Revolution –
Industrial Revolution: a time of dramatic
change from late 1700s to mid-1800s,
where production transitioned from hand
tools and handmade items
to products which were mass produced
by machines, where goods became more
widely available,
and where/how people lived is dramatically
altered.
Where did it start? Why?
• Expanding
Empire &
Economy
• Location!
• Agriculture
Revolution
• Stable Economy
& Government
• Technology
Advancements
Labor/
Immigration
Inventions
and
Innovations
Use of
Land/Need
for Land
Urbanization
Changes the
way people
make $$
Inventions
and
Innovations
Labor/Immig
ration
Changes/Affects:
who is working – how
work is done by people
vs. machines
speed – time it takes
capacity – how much
can get done
Use of Land/Need
for Land
Urbanizatio
n
Change the
way people
make $$
Key Issue: How to Spin
cleaned cotton or wool into
thread
China, 13th
century
Early 17th
century
Early 18th
century
Spinning Wheel -- created in 1200s,
largely unchanged for centuries
Key Invention B: Spinning
Jennies
What can it do faster?
How does capacity change?
Key Issue: This is all done
using what for energy?
Key Inventions C: Water
Power!
• Water Powered
Carding Mill
• Water Powered Saw
Mill
• Water Powered
Jenny
What can these do faster?
How does capacity change?
Key Invention D: The Water Powered Loom
The next major invention was water powered looms. They
allowed workers spin more thread into cloth by using water
power to spin the looms. These machines were big, powerful,
and expensive as well.
• Faster:
•
sped up the
time it took to
weave cloth
Capacity
•
Weavers actually
able to weave all
the thread
produced by the
Jennies
What resources are valued?
Water!!!
Why? Transportation & Energy!
Inventions and
Innovations
Labor/Imm
igration
Use of Land/Need
for Land
Changes/Affects:
How land is used
Value of land based on
location/natural resources
Desire for more land as capacity
grows
Change the
way people
make $$
Urbanization
Why the
North?
• Powerful Rivers (New England)
• Coal and Steel Resources
(In Pennsylvania)
for STEAM ENGINES
• Ports for shipping overseas
Inventions and
Innovations
Labor/Immigrat
ion
Changes/Affects:
who is working – how work is done
by people vs. machines
speed – time it takes
capacity – how much can get done
Use of Land/Need
for Land
Changes/Affects:
How land is used
Value of land based on
location/natural
resources
Desire for more land as
capacity grows
Changes/Affects:
Who is the ideal worker?
What groups of people
migrate to industrial areas
Urbanization
Change the
way people
make $$
Doing one piece of the job,
exact same thing every day
Changes/Affects:
Where people live
How people live
Owners building/designing
factory/town to help make $$
From this….
URBANIZATION….
(creation of cities)
To this….
Positive Effects:
-better transportation
(roads, railroads,
steamboats)
-greater access to goods
-more work opportunity for
men and women
Urbanization
(creation of cities)
Negative Effects
-Crowded living
conditions
-spread of disease
-more abuse of
workers
-Racism and Sexism
-Child Labor
Inventions and
Innovations
Use of Land/Need
for Land
Labor/Immigration
Urbanization
Change the Way
People Make $$
Doing one piece of the job, exact
same thing every day
Owners building/designing
factory/town to help make $$
Interchangeable Parts
standard parts of equipment that can be used to build
new tools or machines
Examples
1800 gun making
Ex. 1840 Lowell Mill Girls
Inventions and
Innovations
Labor/Immigration
Changes/Affects:
Who is the ideal worker?
What groups of people
migrate to industrial areas
Use of Land/Need for
Land
Ways people make $$
Urbanization
Labor/Immirgration
• Who is ideal
worker?
•
•
unskilled, cheap,
women and young children
• Why Immigrate ?
• 1840s : more work, cheaper
transportation, more
economic opportunity
• Which groups
• Irish: Escape Famine
• Germans: escape political
revolution
Rhode Island Mill System:
Sam Slater
• Read over your section once
• Then go back and underline key parts based on your groups
question
• Write notes in the margins to help explain the answer
Group 1: Read paragraph #1 of “Role of the Mill Village”
-How did the Mill owners recruit workers?
-Where did Mill Workers live?
Group 2: Read Paragraph #2,#3, #4 of Role of Mill
Village
-Describe the typical worker?
-Why were these workers valued?
Group 3: Read Paragraph 1-2 “Wages and Working
Conditions”
-Describe how the Mill Owners had power over the
workers
-Define Credit System
Group #4
Read Paragraph #4 and 5 of “Wages and
Working Conditions”
-How did the credit system work?
-Was the credit system fair? Why or why not?
Group #5
Read Paragraph #6 and #7 of Wages and
Working Conditions
-How did owners control the day to day lives of
mill workers
-Did the mill owners value education? Why or
why not?
The Slater “Hustle”:
Factory
Owners
Company Store
Mill
Workers
In order to understand how
the Industrial Revolution really
took off in the early 1800s, we
need to start with…
RHODE ISLAND, of course!
And, a man by the name of
Samuel Slater.
•
Draw a line across your paper and title: Slater’s First Mill
•
Imagine you are Samuel Slater, a young man who has
traveled from England, with the goal of opening the first
water-powered mill in the US.
1. You’ve been apprenticing in England, under Richard
Archwright, the creator of water-powered mill
technology
2. You want to move to US, build the country’s first
water-powered textile mill.
3. You secretly copy the blueprints for the technology,
and sew them into your coat and travel to the New
England in 1791.
4. You meet up with some investors and create a plan for
building the water-powered textile mill.
•
Take out a new piece of lined paper, and title it: Slater’s
First Mill
•
Writing in complete sentences, so you know what
question you are answering:
1. Where do you put your factory?
2. Who works there? How do you encourage them to
work for you? How do you encourage them to stay?
3. How will you watch over the workers to make sure
they are doing their job correctly?
4. How can you make as much money as you can?
Clothing Revolution:
Many inventions that mean clothes are
made in bulk (mass production) in
factories and bought at a store
Instead of by hand
Charlie Chaplin’s
View…”Modern Times”
• In this Unit…we will
look at the good, the
bad, the unexpected
• At the end-you will
write a paper :)
Inventions and
Innovations
Labor/Immigration
Changes/Affects:
who is working – how work is done
by people vs. machines
speed – time it takes
capacity – how much can get done
Changes/Affects:
Who is the ideal worker?
What groups of people
migrate to industrial areas
Use of Land/Need for
Land
Changes/Affects:
How land is used
Value of land based on
location/natural resources
Desire for more land as
capacity grows
Ways people make $$
Urbanization
Changes/Affects:
Where people live
How people live
Changes/Affects:
How business leaders create
companies
Desire to make large
profits vs. need for work
force
Intro to the Early Industrial
Revolution 1793-1850
1. How do inventions and technology impact people’s
lives in positive, negative, and unexpected ways?
2. Why did major aspects of the Industrial Revolution
begin in the North, as opposed to the South?
3. How did life change from people living on a farm,
when most goods were grown by or made by
hand, to getting goods from a factory and living in
a city?
4. How did the Industrial Revolution both
strengthen and weaken the nation? What
conflicts arose as Industrial Revolution ‘gained
steam’?