Chapter 7
Rejections To Liberalism
Social Studies 30-2
Chapter Issue
To what extent is communism or
fascism a valid response to liberalism?
Socialism
Marxism and Communism
Utopian Socialism
Democratic Socialism
Leninism
Stalinism
How was communism in the
Soviet Union a rejection of
Liberalism?
Communism
Karl Marx
Developed during
the Industrial
Revolution
Stated that the
Proletariat would
violently rise up
against the
bourgeoisie and
create a classless
society.
Communism
Collective is more
important than the
individual.
Well-being of the
individual is the
responsibility of the
government.
Key characteristics of
Communism is
completely opposite
from Capitalism (Prince
vs. Price)
Different Types of
Communism
During the 20th century,
various types evolved:
Leninist Communism
(Leninism)
Stalinist Communism
(Stalinism)
Maoist Communism
(Maoism)
Determined on how these
leaders interpreted
Marxism. (Marxism and
Communism are not the
same)
Communist Theory of the 20th
Century
See chart on the top of page 162
Difference Between Marxism
and Communism
Both stressed the
importance of
collectivism in
society, however..
Marx believed that
government had
no place in
society, he
believed in a
classless society.
Russian Revolution
1800’s- Russia far less
industrialized than the
rest of than Western
Europe.
Due to it’s vast size, and
focus on subsistence
agriculture(what you
need to survive)
Poverty widespread,
especially for the
peasants who worked
for the land-owning
nobility.
Russian Revolution
Czar- Nicholas II
Russians did not
have the same
basic rights that the
rest of Europe had
(I.e.-French
Revolution)
Russia joined the
Industrial
Revolution late, and
therefore they were
thrust into social
and economic
changes.
Bourgeoisie
benefited from
this greatly.
Russian Revolution and
Marxism
Due to the fact that
there was now a wide
gap between the rich
and the poor, people
began to search
elsewhere for a
solution.
Some people sought
out Western European
philosophers, and read
books such as the
Communist Manifesto
Civil Unrest In Russia
The people of Saint
Petersburg marched
to the Czar’s Winter
Palace to demand
food and better
working conditions.
As they arrived at the
gates, the Czar’s
army opened fire on
the crowd. Resulted
in the death and injury
of hundreds.
This is now known as
“Bloody Sunday”
Bloody Sunday
Inspired mass strikes
across the country.
These events caused the
Czar to sign reforms that
gained the enforcement of
Russian basic civil rights,
such as freedom of speech
and religion.
This increased the
popularity of Socialism,
and would lead to the
eventual Revolution of
1917.
Understanding Leninism
Russia without a leader
during the law few years of
the first World War, due to
the abdication of Nicholas II.
Support for Marxist ideas
gained ground among the
poor working class and
peasants.
1917- Vladimir Lenin, leader
of the Communist Bolsheviks
called for the end of Russia’s
involvement in the War.
Called for “Peace! Land!
Bread!”
Understanding Leninism
Lenin, accompanied by
his friend Leon Trotsky,
took control of Russia.
Turned the government
into an interpretation of
Marxist Communism,
which can be understood
as Leninism.
Lenin, as did Marx,
believed that revolution
(and violence if need be)
was an acceptable
means of achieving an
ideal society.
How is Lenin Different Than
Marx?
Lenin believed
that government
is necessary to
maintain this ideal
society.
Whereas Marx
believed that a
classless society
is necessary.
Lenin
Some opposed Lenin, and
an assassination attempt
in 1918 resulted in him
being shot.
Lenin fired back by
starting an event known
today as the “Red Terror”
Many tortures and
executions
Bolshevik Red Army vs.
Anti-Bolshevik White Army
Lenin
Supporters of White
Army:
Liberal Democratic
and Capitalist
countries
United States,
Canada, France,
Britain
Read Army wins,
and the U.S.S.R is
formed (Union of
Soviet Socialist
Republics)
Many countries
outside Russia
joined this union.
Lenin
Positive changes listed on page 166.
Lenin died of a stroke in 1924.
Now do question 1-16 on the worksheet
titled Chapter 7 How was Soviet
Communism a rejection of
liberalism?